Q&A Hero

Q: A tight lip seal requires contraction of the unpaired lower lip muscle called the ____________________.

Q: A tight lip seal is accomplished by muscles innervated by the (cranial nerve name and number) ____________________ nerve.

Q: A tight ____________________ is required to keep food from exiting the mouth during mastication and deglutition.

Q: _________________________ refers to pneumonia acquired as a result of food or liquid entering the lungs.

Q: Paralysis of the (structure) ____________________ will result in nasal regurgitation during swallow.

Q: Damage to the (cranial nerve name and number) ____________________ nerve can result in weak buccal musculature and pocketing of food in the cheeks.

Q: Weak ____________________ musculature can result in pocketing of food in the cheeks.

Q: The process of mastication and food preparation is referred to as the ____________________ stage.

Q: The ____________________ stage of swallowing involves transit of the bolus through the esophagus.

Q: The ____________________ stage of swallowing involves transit of the bolus through the pharynx.

Q: The ____________________ stage of swallowing involves transit of the bolus to the pharynx.

Q: The ____________________ is the mass of food or liquid that has been prepared for swallowing.

Q: ____________________ refers to disorders of swallowing.

Q: ____________________ refers to the process of swallowing.

Q: ____________________ refers to the processes involved in preparation of the bolus for swallowing.

Q: Failure of the tongue to exert sufficient superior force on the hard palate and upper dental arch during swallow will result in a. collapse of the upper dental arch. b. highly vaulted hard palate. c. cleft palate. d. a & b e. a, b, & c

Q: Superior force of the tongue directed toward the hard palate during swallow a. is critical to development of the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscles. b. is critical to proper spreading of the dental arch. c. is a hallmark of the mature swallow. d. a & b e. a, b, & c

Q: The mature swallow a. requires contraction of the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid to provide support for tongue retraction and superior pressure on the palate. b. requires contraction of the platysma to maintain lip seal. c. requires contraction of the zygomatic major muscles to help elevate the lips during swallowing. d. a & b e. all of the above.

Q: Contact of the tongue with teeth in the deciduous arch a. reinforces a mature swallow. b. removes plaque from the incisors. c. eliminates the need for the velar depression. d. supports movement of the larynx.

Q: Infant dentition begins erupting a. around the fourth month. b. around the fifth month. c. around the sixth month. d. around the seventh month.

Q: The adult swallowing pattern includes a. elevation of the larynx. b. elevation of the velum. c. depression of the epiglottis. d. a & b e. a, b, & c

Q: The adult pharynx a. is capable of complete constriction. b. is invested with numerous olfactory sensors. c. is immobile during swallowing. d. serves as a passageway for both food and air.

Q: An infant can a. breathe and swallow at the same time. b. only hold his or her breath for about half a second during the swallow. c. swallow with his or her velum elevated. d. none of the above.

Q: In an infant, the epiglottis a. depresses during the swallow. b. remains elevated during the swallow. c. remains in contact with the velum during the swallow. d. a & b e. b & c

Q: The sucking reflex includes a. pumping the tongue forward and back repeatedly. b. elevation and depression of the mandible. c. swallow of bolus after four or five pumps of the tongue. d. a & b e. a, b, & c

Q: The sucking reflex can be stimulated by a. light stimulation of the lips in neonates. b. visual presentation of food in older infants. c. stroking the epithelium of the cheeks. d. a & b e. a, b, & c

Q: Which of these statements is not true? a. The infants tongue is smaller than an adults. b. The infants larynx is elevated relative to an adults. c. The infants velum makes contact with the epiglottis. d. b & c e. All of the above are true.

Q: Soft contact with the inner margin of the lips of a newborn will result in a. protrusion and retraction of the tongue. b. elevation and depression of the mandible. c. vomiting (spitting up). d. a & b e. a, b, & c

Q: The region of the mouth is termed the a. pre-oral region. b. perinatal region. c. perioral region. d. none of the above.

Q: Stroking the cheek of a neonate will result in a. the infant orienting to the side of stimulation. b. the infant looking to the opposite side. c. the infant initiating tongue protrusion and retraction. d. none of the above.

Q: At birth, the neonate is a. in a dominantly extended posture that will modify over time to become more flexed. b. capable of ceasing respiration for up to half a second to facilitate swallowing. c. capable of some limited voluntary motion. d. governed by reflexes.

Q: The bolus is moved down the pharynx by means of a. pharyngeal peristalsis. b. pharyngeal mastication. c. increased pharyngeal pressure. d. a & b e. a & c

Q: Velar closure during the swallow is important because a. it keeps one from having nasal regurgitation. b. it keeps postnasal mucus from entering the airway. c. it provides a seal for the positive pressure of swallowing. d. a & c e. a, b, & c

Q: The term bolus refers to a. the mass of food being prepared for swallowing. b. the ballast provided by tongue spatulation. c. the specific process of trituration. d. none of the above.

Q: A lip seal is important because a. it keeps food and liquid in the mouth during mastication. b. it helps maintain the positive pressure for swallowing. c. it keeps one from breathing during mastication. d. a & b e. a, b, & c

Q: The important function of the buccal musculature in mastication and deglutition is a. keeping food or liquid out of the buccal cavity. b. keeping food or liquid on the molars for chewing. c. helping to maintain a lip seal. d. a & b e. all of the above.

Q: Which of the following is not considered part of mastication? a. Passing the bolus into the pharynx b. Moving the bolus onto the teeth c. Mixing the bolus with saliva d. All are considered part of the mastication process

Q: The term meaning disorders of swallowing is a. dysphasia. b. dysarthria. c. dystonia. d. dysphagia.

Q: The process of swallowing is termed a. deglutition. b. trituration. c. mastication. d. none of the above.

Q: The process of preparing food for swallowing is termed a. deglutition. b. trituration. c. mastication. d. none of the above.

Q: What is the purpose of a palatal lift prosthesis?

Q: How does the speech therapist examine the tongue for strength?

Q: What is apraxia, and what are the different forms of this disorder?

Q: What are the three major theories or models of speech control, and what is the major premise of each theory?

Q: The ____________________ theory holds that the same phoneme would be produced precisely the same in all phonemic contexts, because the command for execution is not altered by context.

Q: The ____________________ theory states that we learn a motor sequence by learning each individual component of that sequence separately.

Q: The infant develops (neck control/mandible control) ____________________ first.

Q: An infant begins life in a general state of (flexion/extension) ____________________.

Q: An infant will develop control of the (mandible/tongue) ____________________ first.

Q: An infant will develop control of the (trunk/neck) ____________________ first.

Q: An infant will develop control of the (tip/dorsum) ____________________ first.

Q: Inability of the velum to elevate can result in ____________________.

Q: The velum is (elevated/depressed) ____________________ during most speech.

Q: ____________________ organs provide feedback concerning muscle tension.

Q: Muscle ____________________ deep within many muscles provide feedback concerning muscle length.

Q: ____________________ theories allow for immediate adjustment of articulatory trajectory if the articulator is unexpectedly perturbed.

Q: ____________________ theories hold that an articulatory goal arises from a central motor system, but that lower centers define the means for achieving the goal.

Q: ____________________ theories assign a dominant role to the sensory information fed to the central nervous system.

Q: The ____________________ theory states that there is a master control for articulatory function that dictates instant-by-instant function of the muscles.

Q: The ____________________ muscle works in conjunction with the posterior fibers of the genioglossus to narrow and protrude the tongue.

Q: The ____________________ muscle arises from the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid.

Q: The ____________________ muscle arises from the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid.

Q: The ____________________ muscle inserts into the angle of the mandible.

Q: The ____________________ muscle dilates the Eustachian tube.

Q: The ______________________________ muscle is an extrinsic tongue muscle that depresses the medial tongue.

Q: The ____________________ muscle is an extrinsic tongue muscle that makes up the bulk of the tongue.

Q: The ____________________ muscle is an intrinsic tongue muscle responsible for narrowing the tongue.

Q: The ____________________ muscle is an intrinsic tongue muscle responsible for depressing the tongue.

Q: The ____________________ muscle depresses the tongue tip.

Q: The ____________________ muscle elevates the tongue tip.

Q: The ____________________ muscle arises from the mastoid process and retracts the tongue.

Q: The _________________________ forms the posterior attachment for the buccinator and the anterior point of attachment for the superior pharyngeal constrictor.

Q: The ____________________ muscle arises from the temporal fossa.

Q: The ____________________ muscle is the most superficial mandibular elevator.

Q: The ____________________ muscle makes up the posterior faucial pillar.

Q: The ____________________ muscle makes up the anterior faucial pillar.

Q: The ____________________ muscle makes up the uvula.

Q: The ____________________ muscle is the deepest muscle of the lip retractors.

Q: The ____________________ is the most superficial of the lip retractors.

Q: The ____________________ muscle depresses the velum or elevates the posterior tongue.