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Q:
The Industrial Revolution marked a key turning point in the development of modern approaches to management.
A) True
B) False
Q:
In many organizations, the division of labor can assist people in acknowledging the interdependent nature of their work.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Women's roles were a key part of Taylor's theory of management.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Hidden transcripts is the term that suggests that the stories of the less powerful should stay hidden from the larger story.
A) True
B) False
Q:
According to Henri Fayol, the five elements of classical management are planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.
A) True
B) False
Q:
According to Rensis Likert, an exploitative/authoritative leadership style requires a high level of employee participation.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Since there are so many new theories, the classical approach to management does not exist in our organizations today.
A) True
B) False
Q:
All theories are historical and metaphorical.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Which of the following is one of the major critiques of the human resources approach?
A) It tends to over-prioritize efficiency.
B) It often ignores the pragmatics and politics of giving a voice to employees.
C) Most managers do not prefer it.
D) It is not really that distinct from the human relations approach.
Q:
Which of the following approaches to management supports the idea that an organization is the sum of relationships?
A) Human relations
B) Scientific management
C) Human resources
D) Classical management
Q:
Which of the following approaches to management recognized a strict division of labor and that some employees were better suited for "thinking" work, while others were better suited for "doing" work?
A) Theory X management
B) Scientific management
C) The human resources approach
D) Theory Y management
Q:
The Industrial Revolution gave rise to science, which values which two of the following concepts?
A) Effectiveness and efficiency
B) Creativity and constraint
C) Predicting and controlling
D) Organizing and communicating
Q:
Which of the following concepts explains how truth, power, and knowledge get constructed in everyday conversations?
A) Domination narratives
B) Classical approaches to management
C) Hidden transcripts
D) Postmodernism
Q:
Which of the following approaches to management assumes that people are relatively self-directed and that they will exercise imagination and ingenuity when given the opportunity?
A) Classical management
B) Scientific management
C) Human resources
D) Theory Y management
Q:
As part of his hierarchy of needs, Maslow claimed that individuals are striving for which of the following concepts?
A) Resistance
B) Human relations
C) Self-actualization
D) Power
Q:
Which of the following events in American history marked the rise of bureaucracy in modern organizations?
A) World War II
B) The Civil War
C) The Industrial Revolution
D) The Revolutionary War
Q:
The text identifies slave narratives as an example of resistance narratives. These stories were hidden from the slaveholders but motivated individual slaves to persevere. This is an example of which of the following concepts?
A) Hidden transcripts
B) Domination narratives
C) Performative spaces
D) Power plays
Q:
Which of the following theoretical approaches is characterized by a strict division of labor and the power and authority of management?
A) Theory Y management
B) Classical management
C) Critical postmodernism
D) Feminist theory
Q:
According to the text, the three P's associated with theory include all of the following EXCEPT
A) partisan.
B) partial.
C) problematic.
D) plausible.
Q:
According to Maslow's hierarchy, which of the following needs still serves as a motivating factor, even if it has been fulfilled?
A) Food
B) Security
C) Self-actualization
D) Esteem
Q:
Which of the following approaches to management values hierarchy?
A) Classical management
B) Human relations
C) Human resources
D) All of the options are correct.
Q:
The problematic features of our theories and narratives are most likely to bring out which of the following concepts?
A) Particularism
B) Dialogue
C) Creativity and constraint
D) Human resources
Q:
In general, all theories share which two features?
A) Creative and constraining
B) Individual and organizational
C) Individual and cultural
D) Historical and metaphorical
Q:
With which of the following concepts has the human resources approach faced the most difficulty in explaining the pragmatics and methods for implementation?
A) Participation
B) Control
C) Efficiency
D) Feedback
Q:
According to the classical approach to management, which of the following was the primary goal of organizations?
A) Effectiveness
B) Efficiency
C) Loyalty
D) Universalism
Q:
Which of the following theorists proposed Theory Y as an alternative to the bureaucratic style of management?
A) Rensis Likert
B) Chester Barnard
C) Mary Parker Follett
D) Douglas McGregor
Q:
Which of the three P's associated with theory most directly encourages individuals to ask questions and enter into dialogue?
A) Partial
B) Postmodern
C) Problematic
D) Practical
Q:
Which of the following approaches to management is concerned with the total organizational climate as well as how an organization encourages employee participation and dialogue?
A) Human relations
B) Classical management
C) Bureaucratic
D) Human resources
Q:
The Hawthorne effect refers to Mayo and Roethlisberger's finding that
A) increased compensation raises productivity.
B) increased attention given to workers raises productivity.
C) better environmental working conditions raise productivity.
D) decreased stress raises productivity.
Q:
In the realm of organizational theory, "the story we tell is one we favor." This describes which characteristic of organizational communication theory?
A) Problematic
B) Partiality
C) Practicality
D) Partisanship
Q:
Which of the following is not a feature of Frederick Taylor's system of scientific management?
A) A focus on human relations
B) Carefully developed chains of command
C) Communication limited mainly to instructions and orders
D) Divisions of labor
Q:
Weber saw bureaucracy as a necessary reaction to
A) universalism.
B) "red tape."
C) particularism.
D) the human relations approach.
Q:
Which of the following individuals is said to be responsible for popularizing concepts of hard work, independence, and organizing life through work?
A) Karl Marx
B) Benjamin Franklin
C) Kenneth Burke
D) Albert Einstein
Q:
Explain the four styles of dialogue discussed in this chapter. Begin by offering an overall definition of dialogue, outlining the four approaches, and providing an example of each approach. Conclude your essay by clarifying the relationships between each of the four styles.
Q:
What does it mean to work with integrity? As you construct your answer, be sure to define the concepts of integrity and ethics as they relate to organizational communication practice. Also, how would one develop effective codes of ethics for modern organizations?
Q:
The subtitle of the textbook is Balancing Creativity and Constraint. Explain this perspective on organizational communication, including its relationship to dialogue. Make sure to offer examples that illustrate your points.
Q:
Explain the difference between mindless and mindful forms of communication. Offer an example of each.
Q:
Why does context matter to so many of the concepts and approaches discussed in this chapter?
Q:
Define the role of the situated individual in organizational communication. Where does this individual come from, and what are some of the predominate forces that shape how he or she acts within an organized context?
Q:
Explain the difference between the information-transfer approach and the transactional-process model of communication.
Q:
Define the theory of structuration, and offer an example of the duality of structure.
Q:
How might one incorporate empathic concern into their organizational communication practices?
Q:
Define the information-transfer approach to organizational communication, and explain what the critics of this approach argue.
Q:
Why do the authors of this book prefer the approach that balances creativity and constraint as opposed to more traditional approaches to organizational communication?
Q:
Explain the concept of dialogue, using relevant examples from this course. Why is this concept so important to understanding organizational communication?
Q:
Define the concept of strategic ambiguity. Then, provide two examplesone in which strategic ambiguity improves a situation and one in which it does not.
Q:
Apple's mission statement "Think Different" is an example of strategic ambiguity that allows consumers to read their own meaning into the message.
A) True
B) False
Q:
A focus on creativity and constraint is the best way to understand the balance that is required when individuals engage in organizational communication practices.
A) True
B) False
Q:
"Miscommunication" occurs only when noise distorts a message.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Organizational communication is often characterized by ambiguity, conflict, and diverse viewpoints.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Dialogue is more helpful for solving problems or making decisions than it is for generating new ideas.
A) True
B) False
Q:
The concept of feedback is particularly important to the transactional-process approach to communication.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Ethics focuses more on "doing things right" as opposed to "doing the right things."
A) True
B) False
Q:
When an individual strives to fulfill the promises and commitments he or she has made to another individual, they are said to be working with integrity.
A) True
B) False
Q:
One of the biggest benefits of implementing dialogue in organizations is how much time it can save.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Dialogue as real meeting encourages us to think of communication as something we do to one another as opposed to something that we accomplish together.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Definitions are important because they provide foundations for how to talk about communication in business settings.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Mindless communicators often rely on deep reflection or "thinking" rather than "having thoughts."
A) True
B) False
Q:
Mindless communicators rely on repeated forms of talkscriptsthat are easy to perform and whose likely outcomes are well known.
A) True
B) False
Q:
The definition of dialogue that transcends differences and recognizes the common humanity of all parties is called equitable transaction.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Distortion refers to the effects of noise on the sender's ability to deliver the message.
A) True
B) False
Q:
When individuals within an organization do things right and do the right things, they are said to be acting
A) as communicators.
B) empathically.
C) with humility.
D) ethically.
Q:
When we become more conscious of our communication, we become more mindful, and when we become more mindful, we are more likely to
A) behave with integrity.
B) participate in organizational dialogue.
C) demonstrate empathic concern.
D) use dialogue as real meeting.
Q:
Which of the following definitions of dialogue views communication as more than just the accomplishment of one's personal goals?
A) Empathic conversation
B) Mindful communication
C) Equitable transaction
D) Real meeting
Q:
Paying attention to which individuals do and do not get to speak in an organization means paying attention to which of the following concepts?
A) Scripts
B) Voice
C) Dialogue
D) Emphatic conversation
Q:
Integrity is a core business principle that requires which of the following skills?
A) Mindfulness
B) Dialogue
C) Courage
D) All of the options are correct.
Q:
Which of the following perspectives on dialogue sees dialogue as a fundamental human activity?
A) Equitable transaction
B) Empathic conversation
C) Real meeting
D) Mindful communication
Q:
In order to become more mindful communicators, we are required to do all of the following EXCEPT
A) analyze communication situations.
B) focus only on our own communication objectives.
C) evaluate feedback on the success of our communications.
D) think actively about possible communication choices.
Q:
Which of the following concepts does dialogue theorist David Bohm liken to the difference between "thinking" and "having thoughts"?
A) Clarity and strategic ambiguity
B) Mindless and mindful communication
C) Creativity and constraint
D) Duality of structure and action
Q:
When individuals communicate without purpose or conscious thought, they are said to be engaging in which of the following kinds of communication?
A) Strategically ambiguous communication
B) Communication without consequence
C) Distorted communication
D) Mindless communication
Q:
Which of the following concepts is characterized by the irony that individuals rarely get to see the reality they set out to create?
A) Strategic ambiguity
B) Duality of structure
C) Structure
D) Distortion
Q:
Since the 1960s, which of the following has been the primary focus of social theorists?
A) The relationship between individuals and society
B) The relationship between organizations and employees
C) The ways that individuals apply scientific facts
D) The instigation of social change
Q:
Which of the following approaches to communication often comes at the cost of building strong communities?
A) Transactional process
B) Information transfer
C) Strategic control
D) Balancing creativity and constraint
Q:
Which of the following approaches to communication recognizes that clarity is not always the main goal in interaction?
A) Balancing creativity and constraint
B) Transactional process
C) Strategic control
D) Information transfer
Q:
Which of the following approaches to communication can be most useful in understanding the role that leaders play in organizations?
A) Transactional process
B) Strategic control
C) Balancing creativity and constraint
D) None of the options are correct.
Q:
The concept of distortion refers to the effects of noise on the receiver's ability to process a message. According to the information-transfer approach, noise can be all of the following types EXCEPT
A) semantic.
B) physical.
C) psychological.
D) contextual.
Q:
According to William Wentworth, the balance of creativity and constraint in social life is achieved through
A) tension.
B) logic.
C) bureaucracy.
D) communication.
Q:
Although dated, which of the following models of communication is still useful to certain organizational situations, such as the giving and receiving of technical instructions?
A) Information transfer
B) Strategic control
C) Transactional process
D) Balancing creativity and constraint
Q:
Giddens's theory of structuration influenced which of the following communication theories?
A) Transactional process
B) Balancing creativity and constraint
C) Strategic control
D) Dialogic
Q:
Which of the following concepts best illustrates communication that has both purpose and strategy?
A) Equitable transaction
B) Emphatic communication
C) Mindful communication
D) Empathic conversation