Q&A Hero

Q: Uncertainty avoidance refers to the extent to which people in a particular culture feel threatened by ambiguity. A) True B) False

Q: Collectivist cultures view personal identity, needs, and desires as secondary to those of the larger group. A) True B) False

Q: Surveys of several Asian societies showed people value democracy and equal opportunity above all other values. A) True B) False

Q: The cultural patterns of behavior identified by Hofstede are called value dimensions. A) True B) False

Q: Keeping persons with disabilities in mind involves consideration of the psychographic factors of an audience. A) True B) False

Q: Making assumptions about your audience based on their gender can help you maintain an audience-centered approach. A) True B) False

Q: Thinking of females as nurturers and caregivers is an example of a gender stereotype. A) True B) False

Q: Speakers can assume that certain values are universally aspired to. A) True B) False

Q: Speakers should be more careful to stay within their speaking time limit with a captive audience. A) True B) False

Q: Generally, people with higher levels of education tend to be less willing to change their minds. A) True B) False

Q: Socioeconomic status includes income, occupation, and education. A) True B) False

Q: The term co-culture refers to a social community whose values and style of communicating may or may not mesh with one's own. A) True B) False

Q: Attempting to determine your listeners' ethnic and cultural composition is unethical because it involves stereotyping. A) True B) False

Q: Baby Boomers are known for being technically savvy, optimistic, self-confident, educated, appreciative of diversity, entrepreneurial, and respectful of elders. A) True B) False

Q: The youngest generation today is called Generation Y, or millennials. A) True B) False

Q: Audience segmentation is used to identify target audiences. A) True B) False

Q: Gender is a demographic characteristic. A) True B) False

Q: Demographics are the psychological characteristics of a given population. A) True B) False

Q: Listeners have a natural desire to identify with the speaker and feel he or she shares their perceptions. A) True B) False

Q: Audience members tend to evaluate information from the speaker's point of view. A) True B) False

Q: Scale questions are also called sliding scales. A) True B) False

Q: Often it takes just a few fixed-alternative and open-ended questions to draw a fairly clear picture of audience members' backgrounds, attitudes, and demographics. A) True B) False

Q: Attitudes and beliefs are shaped by values. A) True B) False

Q: People's most enduring judgments about what is good and bad in life are called attitudes. A) True B) False

Q: Beliefs are our general evaluations of people, ideas, objects, or events. A) True B) False

Q: Being audience-centered means compromising your own convictions and catering to your audience. A) True B) False

Q: Audience analysis is the process of gathering and analyzing information about listeners with the aim of preparing your speech in ways that will be meaningful to them. A) True B) False

Q: Characteristics of the speech setting include the A) size of the audience and the physical setting. B) clothing the speaker is wearing. C) amount paid to the speaker. D) gender composition of the audience.

Q: Which types of question on a survey may be either fixed alternative or scale questions? A) open-ended B) closed-ended C) analytical D) potential

Q: In an interview, what types of questions are particularly useful for probing beliefs and opinions? A) closed-ended B) fixed alternative C) scale D) open-ended

Q: If you ask survey respondents to respond to questions with a limited choice of answers, such as Yes or No, you are asking what type of question? A) unstructured B) fixed-alternative C) scale D) open-ended

Q: One type of tool a speaker can use to analyze an audience is A) an interview. B) an outline. C) psychographic analysis. D) a show of hands.

Q: Collectivist cultures would generally consider which of the following to be most important? A) personal choices B) parents' wishes C) individual achievement D) career advancement

Q: According to Geert Hofstede, which cultures structure life more rigidly and formally for their members? A) low-uncertainty avoidance cultures B) high-uncertainty avoidance cultures C) low-power distance cultures D) high-masculinity cultures

Q: Socioeconomic status includes A) gender, occupation, and religion. B) ethnicity, education, and occupation. C) income, occupation, and education. D) education, gender, and ethnicity.

Q: Attitudes, beliefs, and values are components of A) psychographics. B) demographics. C) personality. D) identity.

Q: Which of the following would not be considered a demographic characteristic? A) gender B) ethnic or cultural background C) self-esteem D) religious affiliation

Q: Which of the following techniques can help create a sense of audience identification with the speaker? A) mentioning you know a famous person the audience members admire B) complimenting the audience C) dressing like the audience D) admitting your differences

Q: Which of the following techniques can a speaker use when listeners are negatively disposed toward his or her topic? A) Directly challenge listeners' attitudes. B) Deemphasize efforts to build rapport and speaker credibility. C) Give good reasons for developing a positive attitude toward the topic. D) Tell stories with vivid language that reinforces listeners' attitudes.

Q: ______ is a legal protection afforded original creators of literary and artistic works.

Q: To ______ is to restate someone else's ideas, opinions, or theories in your own words.

Q: ______ differ from paraphrasing in that they condense the same material.

Q: ______ citations do not need to include full bibliographic references.

Q: If a person uses someone else's ideas or words without acknowledging the source, he or she is committing ______.

Q: ______ is offensive communication directed against people's racial, ethnic, religious, gender, or other characteristics.

Q: ______ is a quality that combines honesty and dependability.

Q: The right to be free from unreasonable constraints on expression is called ______.

Q: ______ values are socially desirable behavioral characteristics.

Q: ______ are people's most enduring judgments or standards about what is good or bad, important or unimportant.

Q: The word ethics is derived from the Greek word ______.

Q: ______ is the study of moral conducthow people should act toward one another.

Q: List two elements of information that a speaker should provide when citing sources during a speech.

Q: Provide two real-world examples of when fair use would be appropriate.

Q: Define plagiarism and provide an example.

Q: Give an example of a stereotype.

Q: How can a speaker demonstrate his or her trustworthiness to the audience?

Q: How can a speaker display the qualities of dignity and integrity during a speech?

Q: Identify three terminal values that you feel you have in common with your classmates, and explain why you believe this to be true.

Q: Why is ethics important to the speechmaking process?

Q: The doctrine of fair use does which of the following? A) protects free speech B) permits the limited use of copyrighted works for some specific purposes C) grants the speaker a performance license D) allows students to use copyrighted work without attribution

Q: The basic rule for avoiding plagiarism as a public speaker is A) only sources for direct quotations should be acknowledged in oral form. B) only sources for paraphrases of outside information should be acknowledged in oral form. C) any sources that require credit in written form should be acknowledged in oral form. D) even the sources for common knowledge should be acknowledged in oral form.

Q: Conceptions about what constitutes plagiarism can sometimes differ by A) state. B) university. C) speaker. D) culture.

Q: The ethical theory that emphasizes the role of individual moral character in guiding ethical decisions is known as A) consequentialist. B) rules-based. C) value ethics. D) virtue ethics.

Q: The values divide in the United States exists between A) the northern and the southern states. B) the red states and the blue states. C) men and women. D) college-educated and non-college-educated people.

Q: Which type of speech is not protected by the First Amendment? A) fighting words B) hate speech C) invective D) plagiarism

Q: A contemporary term for ethos is A) source credibility. B) ethics. C) integrity. D) competence.

Q: ______ values are desirable states of being, whereas _____ values are socially desirable behavioral characteristics. A) Instrumental; ethical B) Terminal; instrumental C) Ethical; terminal D) Cultural; ethical

Q: An example of a terminal value or characteristic is A) ambition. B) courage. C) logic. D) comfort.

Q: Research on source credibility reveals that people place their greatest trust in speakers who A) have a solid grasp of the subject. B) engage in rules-based ethics. C) paraphrase their sources. D) avoid invective.

Q: Ethos consists of A) competence, charisma, and candor. B) competence, dramatic ability, and charisma. C) competence, good moral character, and goodwill. D) competence, candor, and good moral character.

Q: Which of the following is a Greek word meaning character? A) logos B) ethos C) pathos D) mythos

Q: The study of moral conduct, or how people should act toward one another, is A) ethics. B) ethnology. C) ethnography. D) ethnicity.

Q: If you are using copyrighted words without permission because it falls under the doctrine of fair use, you do not need to acknowledge the source in your speech. A) True B) False

Q: Conceptions of what constitutes plagiarism differ by culture. A) True B) False

Q: Paraphrasing alters the form but not the substance of another person's ideas. A) True B) False

Q: Summaries contain fewer words than paraphrased versions of text or speech. A) True B) False

Q: It is not necessary to acknowledge what you have paraphrased or summarized from a source in a speechonly direct quotations. A) True B) False

Q: Oral presentations need not include full bibliographic references. A) True B) False

Q: Any sources that require credit in written form should be acknowledged in oral form. A) True B) False

Q: Simply cutting and pasting material from sources into your speech and representing it as your own is a form of plagiarism. A) True B) False