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Speech
Q:
The theory that asserts that people find uncertainty uncomfortable and so are motivated to use communication to reduce uncertainty is known as __________.
a. Johari Window
b. social comparison
c. uncertainty reduction
d. reflected appraisals
e. self-disclosure
Q:
Harry and Sally have had a long, loving, and stable relationship. We would expect that this couple __________.
a. would speak a great deal with each other, continually revealing a prodigious amount of new information
b. discloses more now than they did in the formative years of their relationship
c. discloses more salient than trivial information
d. discloses less now than they did in the embryonic stages of their relationship
e. a and b
Q:
Jon says, I am so stupid Ill never graduate from college. I just cant learn this Chemistry because I am so darned dumb! Jons self-communication is an example of __________.
a. being a downer
b. being an upper
c. being a vulture
d. engaging in self-sabotage
e. making a social comparison
Q:
As we interact with the generalized other, we learn which aspects of identity society considers important. Which of the following is emphasized in modern Western culture as key aspect(s) of personal identity and value?
a. race
b. gender
c. sexual orientation
d. socioeconomic class
e. all of the above
Q:
Where we shop, what we wear and what kind of car we drive, who our friends are, and where we live and work are all influenced by our __________.
a. race
b. gender
c. sexual orientation
d. socioeconomic class
e. all of the above
Q:
A clear understanding of how social perspectives influence our sense of self and guide our behaviors, attitudes, and values should be based on __________.
a. blind acceptance of norms
b. fixed, absolute truths
c. our immediate point in time
d. the dominant cultural values
e. a critical judgment about what we personally accept
Q:
To assess ourselves effectively, we should __________.
a. make reasonable social comparisons
b. place judgments of ourselves in context
c. realize that who we are is always in process
d. assess ourselves in the perspective of time
e. all of the above
Q:
Jamie had problems in her math class and finally began to tell herself that she would never understand math. Jamie had failed to follow which suggestion for personal growth and awareness?
a. self-disclose appropriately
b. assess yourself fairly
c. set realistic goals
d. avoid self-sabotage
e. create a supportive context
Q:
A self-fulfilling prophesy is acting in ways that bring about expectations or judgments of ourselves.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The self changes over time as we engage in new experiences.
a. True
b. False
Q:
__________ __________ is the idea that cultures vary in how they think, act, and behave, as well as in what they believe and value.
Q:
Denying the practices and validity of other cultures is a response to social diversity that is called __________.
Q:
Appreciating the validity and value of some other culture without adopting it is a response to diversity known as __________.
Q:
__________ involves curiosity, rather than judgment, as we make active efforts to recognize differences are rooted in cultural teachings.
Q:
When people are able to speak and understand more than one language, they are __________.
Q:
__________ is the response to diversity when we incorporate some practices and values of other groups into our own.
Q:
A culture includes a number of __________ __________, groups of people who live within a dominant culture yet also belong to another social group or groups.
Q:
Define culture and discuss at least three ways in which communication and culture are closely linked. Provide examples for each of the three ways.
Q:
Identify the five responses in the process of adapting to cultural diversity. Provide an example of each response in the same communication context.
Q:
Discuss the four guidelines for adapting communication to diverse cultures and social communities. Give examples for each.
Q:
A powerful way that communication shapes the self is the self-fulfilling prophecy. Which of the following best describes a self-fulfilling prophecy?
a. During music practice, the conductor informs Sally that she is repeatedly missing the same note. Sally tells herself she will miss the same note in the musical recital. During the recital, she misses the same note that she told herself she would miss.
b. The conductor tells John that Sally will miss a note in the recital and then John tells Sally.
c. Sally secretly believes that John will miss a note in the recital and he does.
d. During a practice session, the conductor shouts at John because he misses a note. The conductor makes a bet with John that he will miss the note during the recital.
e. all of the above
Q:
Acting in ways that bring about expectations or judgments of others that have been expressed to us is known as __________.
a. the self
b. the significant other
c. self-fulfilling prophesy
d. the particular other
e. identity scripts
Q:
The process of seeing ourselves through the eyes of others is known as __________.
a. generalized other
b. significant other
c. particular other
d. reflected appraisal
e. generalized appraisal
Q:
Jenny is looking through a popular womens magazine. She notices that most of the advertisements deal with beauty, looking young, or losing weight. These social values in the media are examples of __________.
a. the particular other
b. the generalized other
c. direct definition
d. identity scripts
e. none of the above
Q:
You are a big, tough boy who doesnt cry Alice tells her son. Alices statement is an example of __________.
a. identity script
b. anxious/ambivalent
c. self-fulfilling prophesy
d. indirect definition
e. direct definition
Q:
Life scripts __________.
a. are the outcome of a largely unconscious process of internalizing the rules, roles, and basic climate for living that we learn from our immediate family
b. are direct definitions that through labeling, tells us who we are and how to behave
c. are broadly shared perceptions we learn throughout our lifetime from peers and social institutions
d. are self-concepts we gain through disclosing
e. are forms and patterns of affective and cognitive relationships styles
Q:
Toleration is a response in which we accept and approve differences between us and other social groups.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Participation is a response to social diversity that involves incorporating practices of other social groups into our own communication repertoires.
a. True
b. False
Q:
__________ __________ claims that social groups within a culture distinctively shape the perceptions, identities, and opportunities of members.
Q:
__________ occurs when people give up their ways and adopt the ways of the dominant culture.
Q:
__________ is the assumption that our culture is right and its norms are the only right ones.
Q:
Groups of people who live within a dominant culture yet also belong to another group that is distinct from the mainstream culture are called __________.
a. social communities
b. low-context groups
c. outliers
d. new wave communities
e. none of the above
Q:
Mark decided to drop Professor Yangs course after only the first week because he felt he did not like her accent. He told a friend later that, We pay good money to go to school here. They should at least hire teachers who sound like one of us. His attitude reflects __________.
a. resistance
b. tolerance
c. understanding
d. respect
e. participation
Q:
Being able to understand more than one groups ways of using language such as what is practiced by many Asian Americans, Mexican Americans, lesbians, gay men, and members of other groups that are simultaneously part of a dominant and a minority culture is known as __________.
a. multilingualism
b. code switching
c. respect
d. understanding
e. cultural relativism
Q:
Communication is profoundly related to culture.
a. True
b. False
Q:
When we communicate with others, we learn their cultures views and rules.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Eye-contact is a primary indicator of culture.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Multiple cultures may exist within a single society and geographic region.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Social communities include a number of cultures.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Conventional nonverbal communication in a culture often reflects the perspective of dominant groups.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Telling someone that you understand their experience because youve been in a similar situation is one way of confirming the other person.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Resistance is a response to social diversity that devalues other cultures.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Maggie is very nervous around devout Muslims. She thinks they dont belong in the U.S., and never tries to make any conversation with Muslims she comes across. Maggies actions are an example of __________.
a. ethnocentrism
b. assimilation
c. resistance
d. tolerance
e. cultural relativism
Q:
Phil attends a party being held in honor of a visitor from Great Britain. Phil notices that the visitor doesnt stand very close to those who are talking to her. Phil doesnt assume that the visitor is being rude or unfriendly; instead he wonders how personal space preferences in Great Britain differ from those in the United States. Phil is practicing __________.
a. resistance
b. toleration
c. understanding
d. respect
e. participation
Q:
I dont approve of the gay lifestyle, but I can accept it. This response reflects which of the following orientations to cultural diversity?
a. resistance
b. tolerance
c. understanding
d. respect
e. participation
Q:
If you identify with a culture that emphasizes collective well-being, you are most likely to __________.
a. rank personal freedom as more important than an orderly society
b. think an honor reflects primarily on the individual who earned it
c. avoid self-promotion
d. state your position directly or strongly
e. all of the above
Q:
The importance of adapting communication to various cultures and social communities is reflected in __________.
a. our ability to accurately interpret nonverbal messages
b. negotiate effectively with people of varied backgrounds
c. avoiding differences with others
d. both a and b
e. all of the above
Q:
We learn our own cultures perspectives and rules by __________.
a. studying about it in books
b. learning our language through observing and interacting with others
c. being born with it
d. instinctively responding to nonverbal behaviors
e. staying isolated from others
Q:
The type of cultures in which people act relatively independent of others in the culture.
a. individualistic
b. collectivist
c. low-context
d. high-context
e. cultural relativism
Q:
Members of a collectivist culture __________.
a. think of themselves more as part of a group
b. regard each person as distinct from other people
c. value personal freedom
d. tends to have more assertive communication
e. tends to have more competitive communication
Q:
The type of communication styles used by individualistic cultures which are very explicit, detailed, and precise are __________.
a. high context
b. social communities
c. low-context
d. ethnocentrism
e. cultural relativism
Q:
The social, symbolic, and material practices of a social group that shape its members perspectives and communication processes are known as __________.
a. understanding
b. co-cultures
c. standpoint
d. ethnocentricism
e. relativism
Q:
The idea that any culture includes a number of social groups with distinct perceptions, identities, and ways of interacting is associated with __________.
a. standpoint theory
b. person-centeredness
c. multilingual orientation
d. constructivism
e. systematic desensitization
Q:
Nonverbal communication expressions of the overall dominant European-American culture heritage in the United States today is reflected __________.
a. in a statue of Benjamin Franklin in front of the town library
b. in a portrait of George Washington in a grade school classroom
c. in a banner featuring a gay pride symbol displayed in a storefront window
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c
Q:
Which of the communication cultures or co-cultures below tends to favor competitiveness in interaction, limited emotional responsiveness, and a focus on accomplishing instrumental goals?
a. feminine communication culture
b. masculine communication culture
c. Asian communication culture
d. African American communication culture
e. lesbian communication culture
Q:
In general, which of the following characteristics best describes a management style favored by many women?
a. impersonal
b. highly directive
c. issue Oriented
d. collaborative
e. all of the above
Q:
Men who are socialized in masculine communities typically __________.
a. are competitive
b. build friendships by doing things together
c. prefer jokes that include aggression and sexual references
d. focus talk on solving problems or getting things done
e. all of the above
Q:
The tendency to regard our culture and our way of life as normal and superior to other people and other ways of life is known as __________.
a. moral relativism
b. cultural relativism
c. ethnocentrism
d. stereotyping
e. standpoint theory
Q:
In Chapter Seven, Julia Wood discussed the concept of grace. Define this concept and explain under what conditions and in what relationships showing grace is appropriate and inappropriate.
Q:
Discuss at least three ways for creating and sustaining healthy communication climates. Give specific examples for each.
Q:
Identify and explain the potential benefits of conflict. Include specific examples of benefits that can come out of conflict.
Q:
A system of ideas, values, beliefs, customs, and language that is passed from one generation to the next and sustains a particular way of life is known as __________.
a. communication
b. low-context communication style
c. high-context communication style
d. culture
e. social communities
Q:
In interpersonal relationships it is as important to affirm and accept yourself as to affirm and accept others.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Rather than imposing a preference, __________ communication focuses on resolving tensions and obstacles.
Q:
When people express their feelings and differences directly they are engaging in __________ __________.
Q:
A person who believes that usually both people can be satisfied with the outcome of conflicts has a __________ orientation to conflict.
Q:
__________ is a way of using timing to promote positive conflict by marking off peripheral issues for later discussion.
Q:
__________ is granting forgiveness, putting aside our needs, or helping another save face when there is no expectation that we do so.
Q:
__________ involves attentiveness to what a person thinks, feels, or says.
Q:
A perspective based on the assumption that our culture and its norms are the only right ones is known as __________.
Q:
Accepting a persons feelings or thoughts as valid or real for that person is called __________.
Q:
__________ __________ is the emotional tone of a relationship between people that affects how people feel and interact with one another.
Q:
The most basic form of interpersonal confirmation is __________, the expression of awareness of another persons existence.
Q:
Explain the differences between the following attitudes toward conflict: win-lose, lose-lose, win-win. Give examples of each attitude.
Q:
Assertive Communication is aggressive.
a. True
b. False
Q:
There really are no situations in which an exit response can have a positive response.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Resolution in terms of what decision is made, is just one possible outcome of conflict.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is a guideline for creating and sustaining healthy communication climates?
a. accepting and confirming others
b. affirming and asserting yourself
c. respecting diversity among people
d. timing conflict effectively
e. all of the above
Q:
Marking off peripheral issues for later discussion is called __________.
a. grace
b. bracketing
c. assertiveness
d. affirmation
e. responding
Q:
Which of the following communication behaviors contributes to a disconfirming climate?
a. offering a pleasant greeting
b. listening carefully
c. silence
d. Smiling and nodding your head in agreement
e. Expressing empathy