Speech

Q: Briefly describe and provide examples of the three common forms of powerless language explained in the text.

Q: What is meant by linguistic diversity? Provide three examples of this communication principle to accompany your definition.

Q: Discuss how you can use language in a diverse culture to make your message clear. Use specific examples from your personal life, family, group, high school, etc., to illustrate how your language is a verbal code that serves to mark your cultural experiences.

Q: Because language choices arguably have power to influence others, create guidelines for ethical language use.

Q: List, define, and provide examples of ways you can make your language choices more colorful and interesting.

Q: Describe some areas of linguistic difference that occur in classrooms or in society. Then give tips on how you can be a better listener to a speaker who comes from a different speech background.

Q: Your language choices reveal aspects about you such as your income and educational levels, gender, and ethnicity. a. True b. False

Q: Words serve as "markers of cultural attention" or of shared experiences we consider significant enough to name. a. True b. False

Q: Languages remain fairly stable and unchanging over long periods of time. a. True b. False

Q: We should avoid ambiguous words in formal speeches. a. True b. False

Q: The connotative meaning of a word is what the word names or identifies. a. True b. False

Q: Euphemisms are words, often with negative connotations, that speakers such as politicians use to demean other persons or groups. a. True b. False

Q: It is okay to use technical jargon in your speeches if you define and clarify it for the audience. a. True b. False

Q: The oral style uses more complex words and is more formal than the written style. a. True b. False

Q: Identify and explain four types of non-inclusive language.

Q: Putting yourself in the speaker's shoes and trying to imagine what it would be like to give a speech in a foreign language to native speakers in that language is called _________ a. disclaimer. b. personification. c. alliteration. d. perspective taking. e. euphemism.

Q: The word thick is a(n) ________ for overweight. a. connotation b. denotation c. ambiguous word d. euphemism e. epithet

Q: When Carlos, an engineer, attended a meeting of physicians, he could barely understand them because of their specialized vocabulary, also known as ________ a. dialect. b. vague words. c. code switching. d. verbiage. e. jargon.

Q: Although Carmen uses Standard English when speaking in public contexts, she uses her dialect when speaking around family and friends. This is called ________. a. connotative meaning. b. dialect. c. jargon. d. code switching. e. ESL (English as a Second Language).

Q: Nonessential, "filler" words such as like or just are known as ________ a. verbiage. b. epithets. c. connotations. d. concrete words. e. vague words.

Q: Use of verbiage violates which guideline for language usage? a. Be accurate. b. Be appropriate. c. Be clear. d. Be concrete. e. Be concise.

Q: Which word below is the most concrete? a. shrub b. plant c. tree d. rose e. flower

Q: Which option below is a feature of powerless language? a. verbiage b. jargon c. hedges d. concrete words e. metaphors

Q: What is one advantage to using inclusive language? a. You can increase your credibility. b. You will be considered more likeable by the audience. c. You will be considered more persuasive by the audience. d. You will be speaking ethically. e. All of these are correct.

Q: Saying "my husband is a male nurse" violates which principle? a. Avoid language that privileges one group over another. b. Avoid undue emphasis on differences. c. Avoid dismissive language. d. Avoid non-parallel language. e. Avoid creating invisibility.

Q: Margaret used ________ to make the main points in her speech about opera more memorable. Here's her preview: Attending an opera is educational, emotional, entertaining, and easy to do. a. repetition b. alliteration c. antimetabole d. parallelism e. hyperbole

Q: "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country" (JFK) is a type of reverse repetition known as ________. a. alliteration b. verbiage c. personification d. code switching e. antimetabole

Q: "The mountain stood guard, brooding over the city below" is an example of ________ a. alliteration. b. simile. c. repetition. d. personification. e. hyperbole.

Q: The principles for language usage are found in the canon of ________ a. invention. b. disposition. c. style. d. memory. e. delivery.

Q: Hannah speaks Hebrew, English, and Russian; Andrew speaks African American English and Standard English; she is ________ and he is ________. a. multidialectical; bidialectical b. bilingual; bidialectical c. multilingual; bilingual d. multilingual; bidialectical e. multidialectal; bilingual

Q: Snake as a long, limbless reptile is a _________ meaning; snake as a deceitful person is a _________ meaning. a. denotative; connotative b. connotative; denotative c. written; oral d. epithetical; euphemistic e. euphemistic; epithetical

Q: Which is NOT a tip for speaking to a linguistically diverse audience? a. Build in redundancy and repetition. b. Avoid using visual aids. c. Define difficult words. d. Focus on ideas rather than details. e. Use simple language.

Q: The word "present" is _________ because it has many meanings. a. jargon b. ambiguous c. vague d. connotative e. denotative

Q: Using concrete language helps you create a more vivid image for the audience. a. True b. False

Q: Using alliterated main points is an effective way to help listeners remember the major ideas of a speech. a. True b. False

Q: An example of alliteration is A good rule for making visual aids is: simplify, simplify, simplify. a. True b. False

Q: Beginning a statement with a disclaimer will help your audience believe you are credible and competent on your topic. a. True b. False

Q: "Winter hit us hard" is an example of personification. a. True b. False

Q: "The bouncer at the bar was a gorilla" is an example of a simile. a. True b. False

Q: Archetypal symbols are those cultural memories that are named and understood by specific cultural groups. a. True b. False

Q: In the United States, powerful language is straightforward, direct, and to the point. a. True b. False

Q: Using tag questions is a good way to give the impression that you have confidence in what you are saying. a. True b. False

Q: "Mrs. Derek Johnson" sounds 'natural' but "Mr. Karen Johnson" sounds funny because, in English, the terms for married men and married women are nonparallel. a. True b. False

Q: Saying that someone is "just a secretary" is an example of dismissive language. a. True b. False

Q: My friend speaks English, French, Russian, and Spanish; she is bilingual. a. True b. False

Q: In a multilingual situation, the burden is on the speaker to make herself understood; the listener does not share the burden of understanding. a. True b. False

Q: Which option is NOT an essential part of an outline's heading? a. the speaker's name b. the finalized central idea c. the specific purpose statement d. the speech's title e. the general purpose statement

Q: Which outlining principle involves using a consistent pattern that varies between numbers and letters? a. coordination b. subordination c. alternation d. parallel points e. indentation

Q: Making one point (e.g. causes of a phenomenon) about equally weighted with the second point (effects of that phenomenon) is an example of which principle? a. coordination b. subordination c. indentation d. alternation e. parallel points

Q: Which outlining principle involves formatting putting supporting information below the main points it supports? a. coordination b. subordination c. indentation d. alternation e. parallel points

Q: Content outlines should have all these elements EXCEPT ________ a. an introduction, body, and conclusion. b. alternating numbers and letters. c. single sentence main points. d. major ideas expressed in key words. e. written out transition statements.

Q: Speaking notes use full sentences in which of the following three places? a. vivid examples, transition statements, and main ideas b. transition statements, direct quotations, and complicated statistics c. opening lines, transition statements, and closing lines d. main ideas, complicated statistics, and vivid examples e. the introduction, main ideas, and the conclusion

Q: Which is NOT a characteristic of a speaking outline? a. Write major points in complete sentences. b. Use different font sizes and formatting to make sections stand out. c. Highlight sections so they can be distinguished easily. d. Use key words to jog your memory. e. Make it shorter than your content outline.

Q: What do speaking notes and speaking outlines have in common? a. They both express information in complete sentences. b. They both rely on indentation rather than alternation. c. They both use coordination rather than subordination. d. They both contain full reference information. e. They both are used while a presenter is delivering a speech.

Q: Alternative outlines ________ a. are linear in design. b. are carefully prepared. c. are not as effective as linear outlines. d. take less time to prepare than speaking outlines take. e. function as a script to be read verbatim.

Q: Explain the following principles of outlining: coordination, indentation, and subordination.

Q: List four of the five general tips for speaking notes (those that are relevant for electronic notes and note cards).

Q: Give three examples of how content outlines and speaking outlines are different.

Q: A student once protested that she was graded down on her outline, saying, This is a public speaking class. We should only be graded on our speeches! How should her professor justify the requirement of a graded outline? Whats the value of outlines? Why is it important for a beginning speaker to follow a fairly standard procedure?

Q: Compare and contrast between the conventional outline and the alternative pattern as discussed in your textbook. Based on your cognitive preference, which method would you most likely prefer using and why?

Q: You are making the choice of whether to use note cards or a speaking outline. Which would you use? Give a detailed explanation how to create each option, providing tips for maximum effectiveness.

Q: Cultures around the world value brevity and conciseness in public speaking; it is one of few cultural universals. a. True b. False

Q: Content outlines should include a heading that identifies your purpose and central idea. a. True b. False

Q: Content outlines should be written using full sentences. a. True b. False

Q: In content outlines, you should use an A. for your first point, an a. for your first subpoint, and an (a) for your second subpoint. a. True b. False

Q: You should highlight information you want to emphasize on your content outline, and refer to it as you speak. a. True b. False

Q: You won't need to practice your speech if you create effective speaking notes. a. True b. False

Q: Your speaking outline should contain key words rather than full sentences. a. True b. False

Q: When preparing a speaking outline, it is important to use plenty of space to make each section of your speech easily distinguishable from one another. a. True b. False

Q: Having a speaking outline prepared can help a presenter maintain eye contact with the audience while feeling secure that she can glance at her notes if she loses her train of thought. a. True b. False

Q: Your cognitive preference is unique to you; it's related to your brain hemispheric dominance. a. True b. False

Q: Note cards have many advantages over a speaking outline, so you should use speaking notes whenever possible. a. True b. False

Q: To visualize your alternative pattern speech, it may be helpful first to sketch out a diagram of the pattern youve chosen. a. True b. False

Q: People with certain cognitive preferences may be more inclined to use an alternative pattern, such as the wave, spiral or star. a. True b. False

Q: When using an alternative pattern, it is more important than ever to use indentation and numbering to stay organized. a. True b. False

Q: When you create your content outline, what should you do first? a. Identify your organizational pattern and major ideas. b. Write out your introduction verbatim. c. Write out the first major point with all its supporting material. d. Create a bibliography of all your references. e. Write out a script of your speech.

Q: A skeleton is a good metaphor for a content outline. a. True b. False

Q: A content outline shows both the speechs structural and logical elements. a. True b. False

Q: "Today, we will first look at the problems associated with over-prescription of the drug Ritalin and then we'll look at some possible solutions" answers which of these listener questions? a. What's this about? b. Why should I listen? c. Why should I listen to you? d. What will you cover? e. What's in it for me?

Q: Which of these statements does NOT describe a function of the conclusion? a. to signal the end of the speech b. to present an opposing point of view c. to summarize the main points d. to end with impact e. to provide psychological closure

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