Speech

Q: All cultures follow the same pattern of ethos, pathos, and logos used for persuasion in the United States. a. True b. False

Q: Carol has a friend who likes University X. On a visit to the campus, she meets forty students, all but one of whom like the university--and that one simply doesnt like school in general. She concludes from these examples that University X is a good school. This is an example of ________ a. parallel case reasoning. b. using a syllogism. c. induction. d. deduction. e. reasoning by metaphor.

Q: "Eating foods rich in antioxidants will slow the aging process in your body" is an example of a claim of fact. a. True b. False

Q: Madeleine LEngle writes good books. This is a book by Ms. LEngle; therefore, it will be good. This is an example of ________ a. reasoning from analogy. b. deduction. c. induction. d. reasoning from cause to effect. e. reasoning by parallel case.

Q: Which logical fallacy involves stating an issue as an either-or-choice, overlooking other reasonable possibilities? a. ad populum b. ad hominem c. false analogy d. faulty generalization e. false dichotomy

Q: Using a strategy of re-sourcement is most appropriate when facing an audience that largely agrees with your stance. a. True b. False

Q: Reversibility of perspectives is considered unethical in persuasive speech contexts. a. True b. False

Q: The symbolic process in which a communicator intentionally creates an argument in order to convince others to change their attitudes or behaviors in an atmosphere of free choice is called _____________. a. invitational rhetoric b. persuasion c. common ground d. reversibility of perspectives e. analogy

Q: The artistic proof known as ethos is primarily concerned with ________ a. appealing to the emotions of the audience. b. conveying hard facts as proof. c. avoiding logical fallacies. d. developing good character. e. establishing speaker credibility.

Q: How can a speaker develop ethos with an audience? a. by dressing appropriately b. by showing dynamism c. by projecting warmth d. by demonstrating good sense e. All of these are good ways to develop ethos.

Q: Establishing ethos by demonstrating good sense involves showing ________ a. warmth, deductive reasoning, and intelligence. b. intelligence, sound reasoning, and composure. c. composure, passion, and emotional connection. d. emotional connection, appeal to positive emotions, and common ground. e. common ground, motivation, and rational proof.

Q: The artistic proof known as pathos is primarily concerned with ________ a. conveying hard facts as proof. b. avoiding logical fallacies. c. developing good character. d. appealing to the emotions of the audience. e. tricking the audience into overlooking hard proof.

Q: Which statement is true of using appeals to emotions in persuasive speeches? a. It is unethical to appeal to listeners' emotions during a persuasive speech. b. Appealing to negative emotions is almost always successful. c. Speakers can tailor their speeches to appeal to the security and safety needs of listeners. d. Speakers should keep in mind that listeners are usually affected by only one motivation at a time. e. Since emotional appeals do not contain logical evidence, they do not need to be evaluated critically.

Q: Logos refers to the rational proofs in a speech. a. True b. False

Q: A demagogue is a polarizing speaker who rely on __________________________ a. ethos and logos more than on pathos. b. ethos and pathos more than on logos. c. pathos and logos more than on ethos. d. logos more than on ethos and pathos. e. pathos more than on ethos and logos.

Q: Reasoning by metaphor is a fundamental and universal type of reasoning that is practiced by cultures around the world. a. True b. False

Q: Reasoning by metaphor compares two things that are generally different but share a recognizable similarity. a. True b. False

Q: Reasoning by metaphor is generally considered "hard" proof. a. True b. False

Q: Deductive reasoning moves from general principles to specific examples. a. True b. False

Q: Logical fallacies are relatively new pitfalls in persuasive speaking that arose with the popularity of the Internet. a. True b. False

Q: Topics considered appropriate for public debate vary across cultures. a. True b. False

Q: Invitational rhetoric is one way to develop a dialogical spirit in your speech. a. True b. False

Q: While concepts of composure and credibility vary from culture to culture, within the United States the concept of composure and credibility is quite homogeneous between ethnic groups. a. True b. False

Q: Motivation is an internal, individualistic, or subjective factor that results when listeners understand how topics affect their lives in a personal way. a. True b. False

Q: Although we look for emotional and psychological reasons to support our decisions, in the end, our subjective reasons are never as influential as our logical ones. a. True b. False

Q: Appeals to negative emotions can backfire on the speaker if they are overdone. a. True b. False

Q: In Maslows Hierarchy, security and safety needs need to be satisfied before one can move to other needs. a. True b. False

Q: The highest-level need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs is love and belonging. a. True b. False

Q: Motivations are often group centered; what we want for ourselves, we also want for others. a. True b. False

Q: It is generally considered unethical to appeal to emotions in an attempt to bypass logic. a. True b. False

Q: Lets say your assignment calls for you to give an informative speech that requires a visual aid. List at least four categories of informative topics and give an example of a visual that would be effective in each of the categories.

Q: A question set in the future: Youve been asked to design a set of transparencies for a co-worker to use in a workshop on the topic of how to make informative speeches less boring. Sketch the set of transparencies youd make.

Q: Aristotles artistic proofs include ethos, pathos, and logos. a. True b. False

Q: According to Aristotle, ethos is concerned with putting the audience into a certain frame of mind. a. True b. False

Q: Paying attention to personal appearance, showing confidence, making eye contact, and using appropriate gestures are all ways to enhance ethos. a. True b. False

Q: When developing ethos, avoid emphasizing the similarities you share with the audience. a. True b. False

Q: Which speech is most likely to be a report? a. How Honeybees Communicate b. Loyalty: What Is It? c. Birthday Customs Around the World d. Educational Vouchers: Pros and Cons e. The Great Wall of China

Q: Which is NOT a guideline for speeches about concepts? a. Choose a topic that everyone agrees on. b. Break complex ideas into their component parts. c. Avoid technical jargon. d. Use comparisons to things listeners already understand. e. Supply concrete examples.

Q: The speaker identifies specific parts of her topic that might be difficult for the audience to grasp; she is ________ a. doing an obstacle analysis of the audience. b. planning discourse consistency. c. personalizing her material for her audience. d. striving to be interesting. e. focusing on connotative meaning.

Q: Alliterating main points is one way to create ________ a. repetition. b. redundancy. c. discourse consistency. d. interest. e. obstacle analysis.

Q: ________ is saying the same thing more than once; ________ is saying the same thing, but a different way each time. a. Repetition; redundancy b. Redundancy; repetition c. Discourse consistency; repetition d. Repetitions; discourse consistency e. Redundancy; discourse consistency

Q: Explain how countering misinformation differs from other types of informative speaking.

Q: Identify the four types of informational speeches and the questions that each type of speech answers.

Q: Briefly describe the seven keys to informative speaking.

Q: Identify the four general categories of listeners in terms of their knowledge about your topic, and describe the strategies that work best for each category.

Q: Explain how you would give a speech about a controversial issue that informs without being persuasive.

Q: A speaker who is ________ should prepare for emotional responses which are often negative. a. use humor where appropriate. b. incorporate handouts. c. prepare for emotional responses, often negative. d. utilize presentation software like PowerPoint. e. take care to dress professionally.

Q: What are the correctly ordered steps for planning a demonstration speech? a. think through the steps; time the process; plan visual aids; work on the content b. time the process; work on the content; plan visual aids; think through the steps c. think through the steps; work on the content; plan visual aids; time the process d. work on the content; time the process; plan visual aids; think through the steps e. plan visual aids; think through the steps; time the process; work on content

Q: A description speech answers which audience question? a. How is it done? b. Whats it like? c. What have we learned about this? d. How does it work? e. What does it mean?

Q: Which question does an explanation speech answer? a. How is it done? b. Whats it like? c. What have we learned about this? d. How does it work? e. What's the theory behind that?

Q: Reports answer the question, "What have we learned about this subject?" a. True b. False

Q: Generally, chronological, topical, or narrative patterns best fit a biographical report. a. True b. False

Q: The goal of investigative reports is persuasion. a. True b. False

Q: Pro-con organization generally works well for investigative reports. a. True b. False

Q: Terez organized her speech on "destiny" by first providing the denotative meaning and then giving connotative meanings for the word. This was an effective pattern. a. True b. False

Q: An explanation of a complex concept can be thought of as a translation. a. True b. False

Q: Individuals and groups tend to agree on theories, concepts, and abstract ideas. a. True b. False

Q: Audiences commonly complain that informative speeches are boring. a. True b. False

Q: Jargon is a major hazard for informative speakers. a. True b. False

Q: When audiences see information as relevant to their personal lives, theyre more likely to listen and learn effectively. a. True b. False

Q: If the audience has never before heard about the rare medical condition known as progeria, the speaker should do all these things EXCEPT ________ a. define all terminology. b. use jargon frequently to establish credibility. c. use figurative and literal analogies. d. tell who, what, where, when, and how type information. e. give vivid and detailed descriptions.

Q: The first step in planning a demonstration speech is to plan the visual support thats needed. a. True b. False

Q: Odells audience knows quite a bit about entertainer George Clinton; what general strategy should Odell use in a speech about him? a. Present who, what, where, when, and how information. b. Find novel information about one aspect of his life. c. Find scientific information about him. d. Talk about his most famous comedy routines. e. Get another subject entirely.

Q: Timing during rehearsal is especially important for how-to speeches. a. True b. False

Q: All "how-to" speeches require a demonstration. a. True b. False

Q: Park rangers or tour guides commonly give descriptive speeches. a. True b. False

Q: Details and vivid language in speeches about events allow listeners to mentally place themselves at the event. a. True b. False

Q: Explain different aspects of vocal variations and how they can affect your credibility as a speaker.

Q: Your friend has come to you for advice on improving her delivery skills. She says she is not sure how to dress and she is afraid she will have weird mannerisms as she speaks. What would you tell her about effective delivery?

Q: List and describe the four types of delivery, explaining the strengths and weaknesses of each. Give examples where each might be appropriate.

Q: Compare and contrast the idea of a confident style and a conversational style. Give examples of each, then discuss when and where each type of style might be effective.

Q: Congratulations. Your schools recruiting department wants to film scenes from real classrooms to feature in a promotional tape for potential students. They want to feature YOU in a classroom speech. Describe what factors youll consider in preparing yourself and what youll do present yourself well on film.

Q: Analyze the ways in which a public figure who presents himself or herself well in public situations creates an impression on audiences. (Or, if you prefer, choose someone who is ineffective in public.) Examine nonverbal and paralinguistic elements such as vocal characteristics, gestures, eye contact, clothing, and so on.

Q: Renis audience isnt familiar with Kenneth Burkes principle of dramatism. Choosing analogies, both figurative and literal, is a good strategy for him to use. a. True b. False

Q: When your listeners need to refresh their memories, your narrowed purpose will be to counter their misunderstandings. a. True b. False

Q: Information should be new when giving an informative speech. a. True b. False

Q: When you inform with the purpose of countering misunderstandings, youll probably get more emotional reactions than when you update information. a. True b. False

Q: An information imbalance means that the speaker presents one-sided information about a subject. a. True b. False

Q: There are ethical implications in creating an impression of yourself. Discuss the ethical choices, and their consequences, you can make as you prepare verbal and nonverbal messages for your speech.

Q: Explain how to make the most of your appearance.

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