Q&A Hero

Q: The I and me aspects of self are opposing forces. a. True b. False

Q: Effective communication includes acknowledging that we are responsible for our own feelings. a. True b. False

Q: Regulative rules do not vary across cultures and social groups, so what is acceptable in one context is typically acceptable anywhere. a. True b. False

Q: Communication does not reflect cultural values and perspectives. a. True b. False

Q: A common instance of conflicting punctuation is the demandwithdraw pattern. a. True b. False

Q: To minimize misunderstandings, we should engage in dual perspective and own our own thoughts and feelings. a. True b. False

Q: Stereotyping and totalizing are essentially the same process. a. True b. False

Q: I language removes personal responsibility. a. True b. False

Q: The arbitrary quality of language allows us to invent new words or to attach unconventional meanings to words. a. True b. False

Q: The speech communities of men and women socialize the sexes to the same styles of listening. a. True b. False

Q: Why is eyewitness testimony not always reliable?

Q: Use the ladder of abstraction to explain how you perceived and acted in a particular situation. Make sure that you include and label each level of the abstraction ladder in your example.

Q: What is the process of human perception?

Q: What are the dimensions of attributions?

Q: Explain how the self influences our perceptions of others. Describe an example of when the self influenced your perceptions of another and your communication with that person.

Q: For the most part, were not conscious of the rules that guide how, when, where, and with whom we communicate about various things. a. True b. False

Q: Language is a primary tool that social movements use to change cultural life and meanings. a. True b. False

Q: Charles says, I would never join a fraternity. All fraternities do is party. Charles statement is an example of a(n) a. prototype. b. script. c. personal construct. d. stereotype. e. attribution.

Q: Which of the following is a prototype? a. Your expectation of how a friend will behave b. Your idea about how you should interact with a friend c. The person who exemplifies a friend to you d. How a friend measures up on the dimension of intelligentunintelligent e. The dictionary definition of friend

Q: All of the following are guidelines for improving perception and communication EXCEPT: a. recognize that all perceptions are partial and subjective. b. avoid mind-reading. c. check perceptions with others. d. focus on inferences rather than facts. e. guard against self-serving bias.

Q: All of the following are part of the process of human perception EXCEPT: a. selection. b. organization c. interpretation. d. imagination. e. attribution.

Q: Which of the following is a personal construct? a. Your expectation of how a friend will behave b. Your idea about how you should interact with a friend c. The person who exemplifies a friend to you d. How a friend measures up on the dimension of intelligentunintelligent e. The dictionary definition of the word friend

Q: Evaluating a person as kind or unkind, intelligent or unintelligent, etc., involves using a. prototypes. b. scripts. c. personal constructs. d. stereotypes. e. attributions.

Q: My boss, Susan, is the best supervisor because she listens to her employees concerns and ideas. Susan is an example of a(n) a. prototype. b. script. c. personal construct. d. stereotype. e. attribution.

Q: Using a specific example of a time when you misperceived a situation, name and explain how at least three of the guidelines for improving perception and communication would have helped you perceive the situation more accurately.

Q: Your book talks about a dozen states that have passed laws to establish standards for English for international teaching assistants. Don Rubin did a study that looked into this matter. Discuss what he did and what he found.

Q: Darryl thinks, Marie was happy today because shes a cheerful person. Darryls thought is a(n) a. stable and specific attribution. b. stable and global attribution. c. unstable and specific attribution. d. unstable and global attribution. e. global and specific attribution.

Q: When Jorge does badly on a test or paper, he usually says either the professor was unfair or he had too much to do that week and couldnt study like he wanted to. But when his friends do badly on a test, he tends to think theyre not good in that subject or they arent disciplined. This is an example of a. prototype. b. script. c. personal construct. d. stereotype. e. fundamental attribution error.

Q: Deciding what to pay attention to is part of the ________ process. a. selection b. organization c. interpretation d. attribution e. construction

Q: After performing a comprehensive job search, job seekers put together a resume, write a cover letter, and then go on job interviews. This situation best exemplifies a. prototypes. b. scripts. c. personal constructs. d. stereotypes. e. attributions.

Q: The tendency to overestimate the internal causes and underestimate the external causes of others undesirable behaviors is part of a. a prototype. b. the fundamental attribution error. c. a personal construct. d. a stereotype. e. the self-serving bias.

Q: According to a study conducted by Bachen and Illouz (1996), most Americans prototype of enduring romance reflects media emphasis on acquisition of material goods to support a leisure lifestyle. a. True b. False

Q: In order to avoid the fundamental attribution error, it is best to look for possible external causes for another persons failures and possible internal causes for your own failures. a. True b. False

Q: Thinking, My roommate is generous with everyone right after she gets paid is an example of an unstable and specific attribution. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Q: According to the process of human perception, the selection process includes all of the following EXCEPT: a. qualities of the phenomena. b. self-indication. c. culture. d. attention to change. e. rational judgment.

Q: Assuming that we understand what another person thinks, feels or perceives is known as a. mind reading. b. cognitive complexity. c. standpoint theory. d. fundamental attribution error. e. implicit error.

Q: Which of the following is a script? a. Your expectation of how a friend will behave b. Your idea about how you should interact with a friend c. The person who exemplifies a friend to you d. How a friend measures up on the dimension of intelligentunintelligent e. The dictionary definition of friend

Q: A point of view shaped by political awareness of the social location of a group to which one belongs is known as a(n) a. implicit personality. b. script. c. role. d. cognitive ability. e. standpoint.

Q: Mike was responsible for taking care of his two younger siblings while Mike was growing up. As an adult, he is more nurturing and more attentive to others needs than most of his male peers. Mikes greater care-giving inclination is best explained by his a. cognitive schemata. b. standpoint. c. selective perception. d. prototypes. e. abstraction.

Q: Individuals who are more ________are better able to integrate new information about others and situations. a. empathic b. adept at mindreading c. standpoint sympathetic d. fundamentally attributive e. cognitively complex

Q: Janet says, I didnt get a job offer because the interviewer was biased and it was a nasty day; it had nothing to do with my qualifications. This is an example of a. construct differentiation. b. implicit personality theory. c. self-serving bias. d. internal attributions. e. scripting.

Q: Corey thinks that people who are outgoing are also friendly, confident, and fun. Coreys assumption that outgoing people are also friendly, confident, and fun is an example of ________ at work. a. a standpoint b. a self-serving bias c. a stereotype d. an implicit personality theory e. mind reading

Q: Our perceptions are always partial and subjective. a. True b. False

Q: If a coworker tells you that your new boss is patient and hardworking, you will be more likely to overlook those qualities in your new boss. a. True b. False

Q: Perception is an active process. a. True b. False

Q: Stereotypes are not based on our perceptions of groups or on social perspectives that weve internalized. a. True b. False

Q: The self-serving bias is found in all cultures around the world. a. True b. False

Q: Scripts are so useful in guiding us through many of our interactions that it is okay to accept them uncritically. a. True b. False

Q: Most adults have the same level of cognitive complexity. a. True b. False

Q: Koreans are more likely than Westerners to perceive the ages of people with whom they communicate, because age is an important aspect of identity in Korean culture. a. True b. False

Q: A personal construct is a mental yardstick we use to measure a person or situation along a bipolar dimension of judgment. a. True b. False

Q: Recent research shows that we can override the tendency to be more attentive to noisy or novel stimuli. a. True b. False

Q: Assertiveness and competitiveness are encouraged and considered good in the United States, so people in the United States dont perceive it as unusual for people to compete. a. True b. False

Q: Since American culture emphasizes technology and speed, most Americans expect things to happen very quickly. a. True b. False

Q: Physiology, culture and standpoint, social roles, cognitive abilities, and we ourselves affect what we perceive and how we interpret others and experiences. a. True b. False

Q: Prototypes, personal constructs, stereotypes, and scripts are cognitive schemata that we use to organize our perceptions of people and phenomena. a. True b. False

Q: Women and men tend to occupy different social locations in some senses, although they clearly share other social locations. a. True b. False

Q: We use stereotypes to make predictions about people and situations. a. True b. False

Q: In the United States, the prototype of love focuses on passionate feelings over other qualities. a. True b. False

Q: The term ________, also called the looking-glass self, refers to our perception of anothers view of us. a. reflected appraisal b. direct definition c. identity script d. self-fulfilling prophecy e. social comparison

Q: The ________area of the Johari Window contains information that others know about us but we dont know about ourselves. a. open b. blind c. hidden d. known e. unknown

Q: Nikki believes that she is lovable and that people are loving and can be trusted. Nikki has a(n) ____ attachment style. a. secure b. fearful c. dismissive d. anxious-ambivalent e. none of these

Q: Telling ourselves that were no good, we cant do something, or theres no point in trying to change is a hurtful form of self-talk called: a. self-sabotage. b. identity scripting. c. reflected appraisal. d. self-disclosure. e. social comparison.

Q: Recall the story about Ramu (the wolf boy) that was discussed in Chapter 1. Was Ramu human or not? Explain your answer in terms of how particular others and the generalized other affect human identity development.

Q: Compare and contrast the four different areas of the Johari Window and illustrate each area with an example. In your response, be sure to define each area.

Q: What is the Self? How does culture affect the concept of when social identity begins?

Q: Explain the concept of self-sabotage as a form of poisonous self-talk.

Q: Discuss the influence of particular others and the generalized other in creating an individuals sense of identity. Incorporate concrete examples into your response.

Q: Compare and contrast the four different styles of attachments and illustrate each style with an example. In your response, be sure to define attachment styles and explain how they affect our lives as adults.

Q: Discuss the role of parents in socializing children. Name three differences on how fathers and mothers differ in the way they socialize with their children

Q: Given what you know about the culture in which you grew up, speculate about what aspects of the generalized other would be similar if you grew up in a different culture. What aspects of the generalized other do you think would be different if you grew up in a different culture? Why? In defining the culture in which you grew up, consider the type of family, region of the country, size of community, and religious affiliation as well as the race, class, gender, and sexual preference/orientation mentioned in the text.

Q: Jenna believes that she doesnt have an aptitude for statistics, so doesnt put much effort into her statistics class. She performs poorly in the class, supporting her initial belief. This is an example of a(n): a. reflected appraisal. b. direct definition. c. identity script. d. self-fulfilling prophecy. e. social comparison.

Q: Stanton is giving a speech for the first time. He thinks he is doing well, but his audience can tell that he is very insecure and nervous. The nervousness that he shows but is not aware of can be categorized into which part of the Johari Window? a. Open area b. Blind area c. Hidden area d. Unknown area e. Deceptive area

Q: Information that we know about ourselves but choose not to reveal to most others is found in which area of the Johari Window? a. open b. blind c. hidden d. known e. unknown

Q: Psychologists define ________ as rules for living and identity. a. attachment styles b. identity scripts c. reflected appraisals d. social comparison e. none of these

Q: The perspectives of the ________ other reflect the views generally held by others in a society. a. emotional b. generalized c. moral d. physical e. social

Q: Information that is known both to us and to others is found in which area of the Johari Window? a. open b. blind c. hidden d. known e. unknown

Q: In a study of both different- and same-sex couples, researchers found that couples in which both partners had ________ attachment styles had the most mutually constructive communication. a. anxious/ambivalent b. fearful c. secure d. none of these e. all of these

Q: All of the following are risks to self-disclosing communication EXCEPT: a. others may reject us b. others may think less of us c. others may violate our confidences d. others may increase closeness with us e. none of these

Q: You are a very smart girl, Tammy tells her daughter. Tammys statement is an example of a(n): a. reflected appraisal. b. direct definition. c. identity script. d. self-fulfilling prophecy. e. social comparison.