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Speech
Q:
Research indicates that watching sexually explicit films that degrade women
A. is reported by a majority of convicted rapists as a regular activity prior to incarceration.
B. is significantly correlated to viewing habits of women in violent romantic relationships.
C. is related to men becoming more dominant toward women with whom they interact.
D. has no impact on mens views toward women.
E. has no impact on womens understanding of their relationships with men.
Q:
In what way are girls and women more likely to use social media than men and boys?
A. As a venue for self-development
B. To participate in sexting
C. To set up interactions with peers
D. To play games
E. None of the above ANS: A
Q:
Queer theory
Q:
How might gendered stereotypes contribute to more subtle forms of discrimination practiced in organizations today? Explain two stereotypes each for women and for men. Provide an example of how they might be enacted in organizational life. How does each of these limit opportunities?
Q:
Performative theory says that gender is not a thing we have but is instead a thing we do.
Q:
Glass walls
Q:
Biological theory says that genes, hormones, and brain structure are the basis of gender difference.
Q:
Glass ceilings
Q:
Social learning theory suggests that children actively seek to perform their gender correctly.
Q:
Biological theory suggests that mens and womens brains are formed and develop differently, resulting in different behaviors and characteristics.
Q:
Mentors
Q:
Men and women have hormonal cycles that can affect their behavior.
Q:
Workplace bullying
Q:
According to psychodynamic theories, the first relationship we have fundamentally influences how we define our gender identity.
Q:
Maternal wall
Q:
According to psychodynamic theorists, gender identity becomes fixed early in life.
Q:
Affirmative action
Q:
According to standpoint theory, all perspectives on social life are equally insightful.
Q:
Equal opportunity laws
Q:
Queer theory states that identity categories are limiting and meaningless.
Q:
Glass escalator
Q:
Topic or question should be authored by a student. See pages 8 to 10 of this manual for details on this activity.
Identification
Q:
Hillary Clinton was judged based on her fitting with the iron maiden stereotype during the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign.
Q:
Kate explains, When I was a little girl, I always wanted to be outside playing and getting dirty. However, my mom dressed me in fussy clothes with lots of ruffles and bows and dressy shoes that were hard to play in. If I did manage to go outside and I got my clothes and shoes dirty, my mom would be upset with me. I hated wearing those clothes, but I saw how happy it made my mom when I wore them and kept them clean, so I kept on wearing them.
A. Social learning theory
B. Cognitive development theory
C. Queer theory
D. Symbolic interactionism
E. Standpoint theory
Q:
Less than 5% of Fortune 500 companies have female CEOs.
Q:
Topic or question should be generated by a student. See pages 8 to 10 of this manual for details on this activity.
Q:
In the United States, companies are required to grant leaves to care for new babies or sick family members as mandated by the FMLA.
Q:
Topic or question should come from class business. See pages 8 to 10 of this manual for details on this activity.
True/False
Q:
Because men have dominated in the workplace in the past, many informal networks are largely or exclusively male.
Q:
Gender schema theory claims that by the age of two, children use the concept of gender to organize their understandings.
Q:
Affirmative action is a quota system that states a number of minorities that must be hired, admitted, or promoted, regardless of qualifications.
Q:
Parents roles in childrens gender development are seen as unimportant by cognitive development theory.
Q:
The glass escalator is the idea that when women take jobs in male dominated fields, they are often quick to rise through the ranks of those fields.
Q:
The best way to explain sex and gender is through interpersonal and cultural theories.
Q:
David is a stay-at-home father of two young daughters who attend a mommy and me playgroup for young children and their caregivers. He is the only male caregiver to attend the group. According to standpoint theory, which statement(s) best explain(s) this scenario?
A. As members of different genders, David and the female caregivers have developed different ways of thinking about parenting, different techniques for parenting, and different skills for parenting.
B. David and the mothers viewpoints are limited and partial.
C. David may view parenting differently from the mothers perspectives based on their different standpoints.
D. It would be possible for David and the mothers in the group to work to understand the others standpoints.
E. All of the above.
Q:
Womens careers can be hampered by which of the following informal practices?
A. Male mentors who attempt to impose male values and styles on women
B. Workplace environments that focus on families and relationships
C. Informal networks that require women to join men in games of golf and other sports, activities most women do not enjoy
D. Segregation into jobs that offer little or no opportunity for advancement
E. All of the above
Q:
Children learn who they are and what that means in their culture through interaction with parents, teachers, and friends. Through this, they learn gender roles for men and women and may internalize them. Which theory does this definition best describe?
A. Cognitive development
B. Social learning
C. Psychodynamic (or psychoanalytic)
D. Biological
E. Symbolic interactionism
Q:
Research into female hormones asserts that estrogen
A. causes womens bodies to produce good cholesterol and to make blood vessels flexible.
B. strengthens the immune system, making women less susceptible to immune disorders, infections, and viruses.
C. causes more fat tissue to form around a womans hips, providing cushioning for a fetus during pregnancy.
D. causes the liver to process alcohol more slowly, making women quicker to feel the effects of alcohol.
E. All of the above.
Q:
Glass wall is a metaphor to describe
A. the invisible barrier to womens advancement in the workplace.
B. a new technology that lets supervisors monitor employees.
C. the difference in pay that women and men receive for the same job.
D. sex segregation of jobs based on stereotypes of women.
E. leave policies that discourage men from taking family leave.
Q:
Which of the following is/are true of queer theory?
A. Queer theory critiques what we consider to be normal and abnormal.
B. Queer theory applies to only gay people, not heterosexual people.
C. Queer theory focuses on sexuality as the most important identity marker.
D. Queer theory advocates for more defined identity categories.
E. All of the above.
Q:
Affirmative action laws
A. attempt to redress past discrimination for members of historically marginalized groups.
B. apply only to individuals, not groups that have experienced discrimination.
C. judge organizations by the intent of their hiring, admission, and promotion practices rather than end results.
D. sometimes result in unqualified candidates being hired, admitted, or promoted.
E. mandate a number of people that must be hired, admitted, or promoted at an organization.
Q:
When parents who seek to promote traditional gendered behaviors in their children reward tomboys for wearing frilly dresses or punish effeminate boys for playing with Barbies, they are assuming which theory of gender?
A. Biological theory
B. Psychodynamic theory
C. Social learning theory
D. Symbolic interaction theory
E. Standpoint theory
Q:
Which of the following is a reason why women workers tend to lack mentor relationships?
A. Fewer women and minorities hold senior positions in many organizations.
B. Men are often reluctant to mentor women for fear of gossip and innuendo.
C. Men often assume that women are less serious about their careers.
D. Some men are less comfortable with women than men.
E. All of the above.
Q:
At age three, Bonnie realizes she is female and she wants to become skilled at being a girl. She begins to watch her mother and older sister and to model her behaviors after theirs. Bonnies efforts to learn how to act feminine are best explained by which theory?
A. Cognitive development
B. Social learning
C. Psychodynamic (or psychoanalytic)
D. Biological
E. Both B and C
Q:
are policies that judge effectiveness based on results rather than intention.
A. Affirmative action
B. Goals
C. Equal opportunity laws
D. Informal networks
E. All of the above
Q:
According to standpoint theory
A. people with the most social privilege are most likely to develop an oppositional stance toward existing power structures.
B. people who are privileged in some ways but disadvantaged in others are most likely to develop an oppositional stance toward existing power structures.
C. people with the least social privilege are most likely to develop an oppositional stance toward existing power structures.
D. no group is more likely than another to develop an oppositional stance toward existing power structures.
Q:
At work, Nick feels pressure to compete against his coworkers. He and his wife are expecting a child and although the company has a family leave policy, he is afraid to ask for time off in case it hurts his future chance at promotions and his coworkers view him as undedicated. What stereotype of men in the workplace does this kind of pressure reflect?
A. Sturdy oak
B. Breadwinner
C. Iron man
D. Fighter
E. Glass wall
Q:
Unlike sex, gender is a relational concept. Explain what this means and the implications of it, and give an example that illustrates your point.
Q:
Brown v. Board of Education led to what efforts to redress inequities in the United States?
A. Equal opportunity laws
B. Affirmative action
C. Quotas
D. Goals
E. Sexual harassment laws
Q:
Describe three cultural structures and practices that reflect and promote a cultures views of gender and sex.
Q:
Equal opportunity laws
A. apply to groups, not individuals, that have suffered discrimination.
B. deal only with the presentnot historicaldiscrimination.
C. are judged by results, not intent.
D. are the same thing as affirmative action.
E. state how many minorities must be hired, promoted, or admitted at an institution.
Q:
Which of the following is generally true?
A. Most women use only the right lobe of their brain.
B. Most men use only the left lobe of their brain.
C. Most mens brains are more highly integrated than most womens brains.
D. A and B.
E. None of the above.
Q:
Anna and Ben are up for the same promotion at work. When it comes time to make a decision, the management committee chooses Ben for the position because they think Annas commitment to being a good mother to her children would prevent her from wanting to take on more responsibilities at the office. Anna has just encountered what?
A. Glass walls
B. FMLA
C. Affirmative action
D. The glass ceiling
E. None of the above
Q:
Transgender
Q:
The Lilly Ledbetter Act of 2009
A. bars employers from retaliating against employees who ask about pay schedules.
B. states that wage discrimination occurs whenever an employee receives discriminatory pay.
C. overturned the separate but equal doctrine.
D. requires federal employers to provide maternity leave for all employees.
E. expands the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA).
Q:
ANS: Answers should:
Q:
When LaKisha does not get a promotion she was expecting, she asks her supervisor to explain what happened. He tells her that the partners in the firm felt that the promotion would have created a lot of pressure on her and they wanted to protect her from that. The partners evaluation of LaKisha reflects which stereotype of women?
A. Victim
B. Mother
C. Sex object
D. Child
E. None of the above
Q:
The term cis has come to be used to designate a person who fits conventional gender categories. Explain how cis is used and why it is an important word.
Q:
The assumption that careers must follow linear, full-time patterns
A. is based on work-patterns of previous eras that assumed a typical employee was a male worker with a stay-at-home wife.
B. leads many women to choose to forego having families.
C. negatively affects both mens and womens career trajectories.
D. correctly assumes that workers are most productive and successful when they remain invested in and committed to a job for a long period of time and without interruption.
E. has been rejected by most contemporary major corporations.
Q:
Define levels of meaning in communication and provide a concrete example of each level of meaning.
Q:
Brendan is struggling to understand how to use the new reporting software his company has adopted. Rather than asking the IT director for help, Brendan keeps doing Google searches to try to answer his questions. Brendan is exhibiting what stereotype of men in the workplace?
A. Fighter
B. Sturdy oak
C. Breadwinner
D. Athlete
E. Cowboy
Q:
Sexual orientation
Q:
Describe the division of labor in a typical heterosexual household. Why does the division exist in this form? Do you think it is possible for the division of labor in the home to be exactly equal? Why or why not?
Q:
Intersex people
Q:
Reflect on a nonromantic, close, same-sex friendship. In what ways does your friendship match or deviate patterns of friendships described in the book?
Q:
Cis:
Q:
One way to pose questions for this (and several other) chapters is to present them as advice column questions, with the students being the experts who respond. Another similar option is to present a question as if it is the students friend asking him/her for advice since the friend knows the student is in a Gender and Communication class. Students tend to enjoy these questions and they give them the opportunity to integrate the material in ways that are applicable to their lives. It is often helpful to integrate material from several chapters in the questions. Some examples include:
Dear Gender Communication Expert,
I am a female college senior, and I am so frustrated with my boyfriend Seth. Since well be graduating soon, its important to me that we really make sure our relationship is strong before entering the real world. But when I tell Seth that I want to feel closer to him, he ignores me and instead just spent a bunch of money for us to go skydiving! I dont want to jump out of a plane together, I want to talk! When I try to talk about my feelings about it, he barely looks at me and just starts fixing things around the apartment. Meanwhile, he just keeps planning more crazy dates like this. Im afraid he might not want to be with me anymore. What should I do?
Scared Senior
The framework for the answer to this question can be found on page 184.
Dear Scared Senior,
It sounds like Seth isnt trying to pull away at all, he just has a different way of showing closeness and affection. See, you have a very feminine idea of intimacytalking about your feelings and the relationshipbut Seth doesnt think of closeness that way. When he plans crazy dates for you or does other tasks for you (like fixing things around the apartment), he is showing you that he cares about you. This is a very masculine way of being close.
Masculine people, like Seth, often dont want to talk about the relationship unless they think something is wrong. You may want to talk to be sure things are okay, but Seth may think they are okay and so theres no need to talk. In fact, a date like skydiving may even suggest hes ready to do exciting (though sometimes scary) things with you, much like those youll face as you consider what youll do after graduation. I have two suggestions for you. First, try to remember that Seths actions are a demonstration of his feelings for you. Second, talk to him and explain that while you love that he does things for you, youd also like to spend some time engaging in some more feminine modes of closeness. If you can each try to understand the others perspective, youll be able to appreciate each others efforts more.
Good luck! Communication Expert
Dear Communication Expert,
Im a 20-year-old gay man. My boyfriend, Andrew, is driving me crazy! I really love him, but hes so needy. When we first got together, he was so independent, but now hes bugging me all the time to spend more time together and talk more on the phone. I like hanging out with Andrew, but I feel myself pulling back because its so annoying how much he wants to hang out. Spending time together used to be special, but now I feel like its never enough for him. Even though I care so much, the more he wants to see me, the less I find I want to see him. This would make sense to me if I just werent interested, but I really like Andrew, and I know hes starting to think I dont! Whats going on?
Q:
Patriarchal
Q:
In the movie When Harry Met Sally, Harry says to Sally that men and women cannot be friends. Your book discusses some challenges and benefits of cross-sex friendships. Note at least two challenges and two benefits of cross-sex friendships. For each of the challenges you mention, note one way that friends could help to navigate that potential issue.
Q:
Essentializing
Q:
Feminine ruler:
Q:
Sex
Q:
ANS: Both women and men report they value close, same-sex friendships and seek intimacy, acceptance, assistance, and trust in those relationships.
Q:
Gender
Q:
Your textbook states that gendered orientations influence four dimensions of long-term love relationships: modes of expressing care, needs for autonomy and connection, responsibility for relational maintenance, and power. Discuss how heterosexual couples may differ from same-sex couples on two of the four dimensions.
Q:
Androgyny is a term describing individuals who feel their biological sex is wrongthat they are really women trapped in mens bodies or men trapped in womens bodies.
Q:
Gay and lesbian couples tend to share perspectives on how to communicate affection.
Q:
There are two distinct genders, female and male.
Q:
Male deficit model
Q:
Gender identity is the same thing as ones biological sex.