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Special Education
Q:
A dissent is a statement of a judge (or judges) who does not agree with the results reached by the majority.
Q:
Explain the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Winkelman v. Parma City School District (2007)
Q:
A trial court in Oregon is obligated to adhere to an appellate court's special education ruling that is authority in Nebraska.
Q:
In the Rowley decision the Supreme Court developed a twofold inquiry when determining if a student with disabilities is provided an appropriate education. Explain the Rowley case and both parts of this test. How can schools ensure that they meet each part
Q:
Unless an appellate court finds a procedural problem or bias in a trial court's fact-finding process, the facts as determined by the trial court do not change.
Q:
A bright-line test is
a. an IQ test to determine eligibility for special education
b. a legislative formula for assisting schools to deliver a FAPE
c. an eye sight screening
d. an clear test for developed by higher courts to assist lower courts in making decisions.
Q:
All states have educational mandates in their constitutions.
Q:
The case in which the U.S. Supreme Court first addressed the issue of related services and the IDEA was
a. Board of Education v. Rowley
b. Irving ISD v. Tatro
c. Smith v. Robinson
d. Honig v. Doe
Q:
Which of the following are/is not a related service that needs to be provided under the IDEA? (May be more than one answer)
a. Transportation to a residential setting if needed to provide an appropriate education.
b. Transportation to an out of district school if needed to provide an appropriate education when the parents have unilaterally made the placement.
c. Vision therapy provided by an ophthalmologist to correct as visual-perceptual problem.
d. Full time nursing care in school if needed to provide an appropriate education.
Q:
When an IEP teams a placement decision, which the following factors may be considered in deciding on a student's placement? (May be more than one answer)
a. the student's IEP
b. proximity of the proposed placement to the student's home school.
c. the LRE mandate of the IDEA.
d. the availability of services in the proposed placement.
e. The cost of the proposed placement
Q:
Assistive technology might be required in accordance with (may be more than one answer)
a. the least restrictive environment mandate of the IDEA.
b. the related services mandate of the IDEA.
c. the FAPE mandate of the IDEA.
d. Section 504.
Q:
In extended school year (ESY) cases, school districts have been ordered to provide ESY services when
a. the student with disabilities could benefit from such services
b. b. the student with disabilities would be harmed an interruption of services
c. it is needed to provide an education in the least restrictive environment.
d. All of the above.
Q:
In addition to the federal standards that the local education agency must meet, the IDEA includes a requirement concerning state educational agency standards. According to this requirement, if state standards exceed the federal standards
a. the LEA must follow the federal standards.
b. the LEA may choose to follow either federal or state standard.
c. the LEA must follow the state standards.
d. None of the above.
Q:
The federal courts have determined which of the following can be related services if they are necessary to assist a child to benefit from special education? (May be more than one)
a. Psychological services
b. Cochlear implants
c. Transportation
d. Health services provided by a school nurse
e. Counseling
f. Medical treatment performed by a physician
Q:
According to the Supreme Court in Rowley, IDEA established a "basic floor of opportunity." The court defined this as
a. an education equal to that provided to students without disabilities.
b. instruction that allows the handicapped child to reach his/her maximum potential.
c. a guarantee of meaningful access to special instruction & related services.
d. the "best" possible education.
Q:
A child with disabilities who needs related services but does not require special education is protected under which of the following?
a. The IDEA.
b. Section 504.
c. FERPA.
d. NCLB.
Q:
Case law indicates that psychotherapy provided by a psychotherapist or psychologist can be a related service.
Q:
A child must be receiving special education to be entitled to related services under the IDEA.
Q:
Under the IDEA, medical services are available as a related service to students qualifying for special education.
Q:
In determining the content of a student's special education, costs can never be a consideration.
Q:
In enacting the IDEA, Congress allowed schools to use funding limitations as justification for denying a FAPE.
Q:
Courts have consistently struck down policies limiting the length of the school year for students with disabilities.
Q:
One result of the Board of Education v. Rowley decision is that the U.S. Supreme Court provided the lower courts with a two-part formula to assist them in determining if a FAPE was appropriate.
Q:
Failure to provide with the procedural requirements of the IDEA will always constitute sufficient grounds for ruling that a local education agency has failed to provide an appropriate education.
Q:
As long as a school offers appropriate programming to students in special education, the choice of educational methodology is up to the school district.
Q:
The courts have provided a precise and clear definition for schools to follow when determining if a student's special education program is conferring meaningful educational benefit.
Q:
Explain the following statement: The history of federal involvement characterized by a movement from assistance to accountability?
Q:
How does your state define AYP?
Q:
What is scientifically based instruction? How is it included in ESEA?
Q:
Briefly trace the development of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. From passage in 1965 to the passage of No Child Left Behind.
Q:
Describe the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). What is it? What is it used for? What have the results of the NAEP been telling us?
Q:
Describe the four major priorities of President Obama's blueprint for reauthorizing the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
Q:
What are the three essential components that make a general education teacher highly qualified according to No Child Left Behind?
Q:
Name the five essential components of effective reading instruction included in Reading First.
Q:
Describe three unique aspects of Reading First.
Q:
Why did congress include students with disabilities as a separate subgroup to be counted when measuring AYP?
Q:
What are accommodations, modification, and alternate assessments and who is eligible to use them?
Q:
Describe the What Works Clearinghouse.
Q:
Litigation concerning the discipline of students in special education has seemingly created a system that is different from the system for students in regular education. Why are they different? Explain the discipline sections in IDEA 1997 and IDEA 2004. In your discussion consider the three major categories of disciplinary procedures, the manifestation determination, disciplining dangerous students with disabilities, the interim alternative placement, providing educational services and the behavior intervention plan.
Q:
What actions do schools have to take if they fail to make AYP for two consecutive years; three consecutive years; four consecutive years; five consecutive years?
Q:
A student's individualized education program (IEP) is the blueprint of his or her FAPE. Explain the IEP development process. Who are required to be on the IEP team? What are the content components of an IEPs? How can school districts ensure that their IEP teams develop educationally meaningful and legally correct IEPs?
Q:
What is adequate yearly progress (AYP)?
Q:
What is the meaning of free appropriate public education (FAPE)? Discuss the US Supreme Court case of Board of Education v. Rowley, paying particular attention to the twofold inquiry. Discuss the development of individualized education programs and why they are important to FAPE. Finally, discuss how the concept has evolved from the passage of the education of All Handicapped Children Act in 1975 to the reauthorization and amending of the IDEA in 2004. How can school district officials ensure that IEP team members meet their responsibilities under the IDEA?
Q:
The highly qualified teacher requirements of NCLB include funding for teacher development activities. The following professional development activities are acceptable uses of the funding under NCLB? (May be more than one answer)
a. Instructing teachers in classroom management skills.
b. Instructing teachers in unproven by promising instructional strategies.
c. Instructing teachers in improving student achievement through the use of technology.
d. Instructing teachers to use data from assessments to increase student learning.
e. Instructing teachers to construct statewide tests.
f. Instructing teachers in how to work effectively with parents.
g. Instructing teachers in how to work use proven instructional strategies that increase student achievement.
h. Instructing teachers in the use of unproven instructional procedures that sound good.
Q:
Currently, one of the more highly litigated areas in special education concerns placement of students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment. Define the term least restrictive environment. Explain the continuum of placements. A number of court cases have clarified the meaning of LRE. Explain the important aspects of these cases. What should school districts do to make certain they are in compliance with this aspect of the IDEA?
Q:
NCLB requires that states indicate how well students are mastering the content. For those students that have not obtained proficiency, NLCB requires this level be designated as
a. Basic
b. Below Basic
c. Not Proficient
d. Bogey
Q:
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) is a comprehensive and complex education law that is the most significant expansion of the federal government's role in education in our nation's history. The law increased federal funding to the states and also increased requirements of states, school districts, and schools. Explain the purpose, structures, and major principles of the ESEA and how it is affecting general and special education. In your answer, discuss how the federal government's role in education has evolved.
Q:
NCLB clearly delineates the duties that paraprofessionals may perform. These duties include: (May be more than one answer)
a. Planning instructional activities
b. Providing one-to-one tutoring
c. Assisting with classroom management
d. Assisting in computer instruction
e. Evaluating the achievement of students
f. Providing instructional support
Q:
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) contains a number of major principles concerning the education of children with disabilities. Six of these principles are as follows: Zero reject, protection in evaluation, free appropriate public education, least restrictive placement, procedural due process, and parent participation. Explain these principles and how they influence special education practice.
Q:
NCLB specifies three basic requirements that public school teachers must meet to be highly qualified. Which of the following is not one of these requirements?
a. Teachers must hold a provisional or temporary license from the state department of education.
b. Teachers must hold a minimum of a bachelor's degree from a college or university.
c. Teachers must hold a full state teacher certification or licensure for the area in which they teach.
d. Teachers must be able to demonstrate subject matter competency in the core academic subjects in which they teach.
Q:
Discuss 4 recommendations that school district officials should follow when developing RTI systems.
Q:
When a school fails to make AYP for three consecutive years, the school will receive technical assistance, develop a school improvement plan, offer public school choice, and must
a. reopen as a public charter school
b. offer supplemental educational services
c. restructure the school internally
d. turn the operation of the school over to the state
Q:
Identify and explain responsibilities that school districts should meet with respect to school districts' student care and supervision.
Q:
Too often, schools have used programs and practices based on fads, fancy, and personal bias, which have proven to be ineffective. Where as, __________ have been proven to be effective.
a. Recommendations from experienced teachers
b. Scientifically-based programs
c. Newly developed programs
d. Both b & c
Q:
Explain the four elements that must be proven in a negligence case.
Q:
NCLB requires states to develop academic standards for all students in the areas of (may be more than one answer)
a. math and reading
b. geography and social studies
c. foreign language
d. science
Q:
Schools must adhere to three primary requirements contained in FERPA. Explain these requirements.
Q:
Approximately _____ of all public school districts and _____ of all public schools in the United States receive Title I funds.
a. 80%; 30%
b. 60%; 40%
c. 90%; 60%
d. 70%; 40%
Q:
Explain the concept of a reasonable standard of care and how it is important in cases regarding negligence.
Q:
The role of the federal government has evolved from primarily ________ to ________.
a. Providing financial assistance to requiring highly qualified teachers
b. Allocating funds to designating how monies should be spent
c. Providing financial assistance to holding states accountable for educational results.
d. Generating federal funds for lending to allocating funds to states to assist them in meeting NCLB.
Q:
What actions can a school district take to avoid liability for student injury?
Q:
The federal government's funding of education has never exceeded approximately ______ of the total amount of money spent on education. Therefore, ______ of all money expended on education is from states and local school districts.
a. 10%; 90%
b. 25%; 75%
c. 30%; 60%
d. 15%; 85%
Q:
Discuss principles that should be followed when school districts develop policies involving locker searches.
Q:
Schools must provide notice to parents if a teacher who does not meet the highly qualified requirements has taught their child's for four or more consecutive weeks.
Q:
Briefly discuss information that IDEA requires be supplied to parents of students with disabilities regarding student records.
Q:
Federal education NCLB funds are to be expended ONLY on programs and activities that are backed by scientifically based research.
Q:
What are tort laws? Explain the two major types of tort violations.
Q:
There is a cap on the number of students with disabilities who can take an alternate assessment.
Q:
What is response to intervention (RTI)? Where did it originate in the IDEA and how has it changed?
Q:
NCLB requires that schools test at least 80% of their students on the statewide assessment systems.
Q:
What obligations do school districts have to students parentally placed in private schools?
Q:
The purpose of testing and reporting on the test scores by subgroups of students, (called disaggregating scores) is to ensure that schools will be responsible for improving the achievement of all of their students.
Q:
What is the exclusionary rule? Does it apply in school settings?
Q:
NCLB includes students who attend private school or who are home schooled.
Q:
When conducting searches of students or their property, school district officials should adhere to three rules. Discuss these three rules.
Q:
NCLB requires states to develop statewide standards and implement a statewide assessment system in reading-language arts and math, but states are not allowed to develop standards and assessment in other areas (e.g., social studies).
Q:
Explain the two reasons that Senator Buckley introduced the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA).
Q:
States and local school districts must use research-based instruction to teach reading and must assess students' abilities by measuring progress toward proficiency.
Q:
IDEA 2004 requires that public school offer the following services to parentally placed private school special education students. (May be more than one answer)
a. Locating students through the child find process.
b. Identification and evaluation.
c. Providing on-site special education services.
d. Consult with private school officials.
Q:
The primary purpose of NCLB is to ensure that students in every public school achieve important learning goals while being educated in safe classrooms by highly qualified teachers.