Q&A Hero

Q: Define graphic organizers and give two examples.

Q: Describe a token economy system and its uses.

Q: How are assistive technology (AT) and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems related?

Q: Define e-texts and adapted PE and describe how they fit the philosophy of universal design for learning.

Q: List the three types of speech disorders (with brief, parenthetical descriptions of each).

Q: What is assistive technology, what are its benefits, and what issues should be considered? (Note: discuss more than wheelchairs)

Q: List the five components of the English language system (with brief, parenthetical descriptions of each).

Q: Compare and contrast the causes of cerebral palsy, spina bifida, epilepsy, and asthma.

Q: Compare and contrast accents and dialects.

Q: Define self-awareness and list 4 strategies to promote it.

Q: Second-grade teacher Mrs. Grimes teaches in a diverse classroom with students from various cultures, socioeconomic levels, and linguistic levels. She is a keen observer of language in her classroom. Which of the following students in Mrs. Grime's classroom shows an example of someone having difficulty with pragmatics? A. Jose mispronounces his "s" so that it sounds like "th." B. Jill requests a crayon by saying, "Give it to me now!" C. John says, "I know answer!" D. Joan says "doggy" when she sees any animal with four legs.

Q: Define epilepsy and briefly describe the types of epilepsy.

Q: Tommy has difficulty with syntactically complete sentences when speaking or writing. He avoids writing tasks and is sometimes teased about his speech. What can you do to help Tommy with his syntax during classroom activities? A. Provide visual and verbal models of complete sentences. B. Make Tommy stop and think before he speaks or writes. C. Tell the other students that Tommy has a problem and not to tease him. D. Excuse Tommy from writing activities and limit speaking situations.

Q: Define spina bifida and briefly describe the types of spina bifida.

Q: Shana spends time alone during unstructured classroom activities and does not seek out or join in peer interactions. You have demonstrated interactions for Shana and discussed the value of her contributions with her. How can you have Shana's peers help her with her communication skills? A. Have all students take turns talking with Shana. B. Provide a peer buddy who can model and encourage interactions with other children. C. Have Shana go to speech therapy with another student. D. Assign Shana specific questions to ask during group activities.

Q: Define cerebral palsy and briefly describe the types of cerebral palsy.

Q: Each of the following is an appropriate assessment accommodation for students with language disorders except: A. Provide the students with additional time to take the test B. Change multiple choice items to essay items C. Provide visual supports D. Allow the students to use a word processor

Q: What is the topographical classification system for physical disabilities?

Q: What percent of students with speech or language disorders spend 80-100% of their time in general education settings? A. Over 85% B. Less than 25% C. About 50% D. Only 32%

Q: Jaquan is a student with asthma. He appears to be overwhelmed by class activities when he is feeling fatigued. How can you help Jaquan in your classroom? A. Tell him that he may be tired but he has to complete his work. B. Excuse him from the classroom work when he is tired. C. Tell his parents to keep him at home when he is fatigued. D. Specify appropriate length of work and rest periods for him in a plan.

Q: Augmented input that focuses on communication boards or books is called: A. Facilitative language strategies B. Aided language stimulation C. Total communication D. Augmented communication

Q: Janice is a student with spina bifida who uses a wheelchair. She is being added to your classroom as a new student. What is one of the most important considerations before Janice comes to your classroom? A. How her classmates will accept her? B. How you will grade Janice? C. Is the classroom accessible to Janice and her wheelchair? D. What is Janice's academic level?

Q: When speech partners activate a student's communication device in naturally occurring communication interactions at home, school, and in the community and encourage the student to use the device, they are using: A. Community based instruction B. Universal design for learning C. System for augmenting language D. Facilitative language strategies

Q: Mark is a student with spastic cerebral palsy. He is above grade level academically, but due to his physical problems he becomes very anxious when he is not able to complete assignments at the same speed as his classmates. How can you help Mark decrease his anxiety and complete assignments in a timely manner? A. Develop a plan that incorporates the use of technology. B. Lessen the amount of work Mark has to complete. C. Have him dictate his responses to you so you can write for him. D. Exempt Mark from assignments that are too rigorous for him.

Q: Which of the following is a primary component of most early education programs in which others use strategies to promote speech and language development? A. Community based instruction B. Universal design for learning C. System for augmenting language D. Facilitative language strategies

Q: Which of the following accommodations may be specific to students with physical disabilities? A. Additional time to take the test B. Frequent breaks during the test C. Physical access to the testing site D. Oral testing rather than written testing

Q: Who typically collects assessment data throughout the day at school? A. The SLP B. The paraprofessional C. The parent D. The teacher

Q: The most common educational placement for students with physical disabilities is: A. Separate setting B. Regular class C. Resource room D. Home school

Q: When completing a fluency assessment, the speech-language pathologist measures each of the following except:A. Amount of dysfluencyB. PhonologyC. Type of dysfluencyD. Duration of dysfluency

Q: Which of the following refers to one's understanding of oneself as a unique individual? A. Self-esteem B. Self-understanding C. Self-knowledge D. Self-awareness

Q: Each of the following may be related to the organic cause of a speech or language disorder except: A. Nervous system B. Muscular system C. Formation of speech mechanism D. An acquired disorder

Q: Physical education in which activities have been altered to enable students with disabilities to participate and benefit is: A. Modified PE B. Adapted PE C. Altered PE D. Accessible PE

Q: Which of the following focuses on the use of social languagethe communication between a speaker and a listener within a shared social environment? A. Phonology B. Syntax C. Semantics D. Pragmatics

Q: A term that refers to data used to create e-texts is: A. Digital source file B. Media player C. Audio converter D. Augmentative device

Q: A student who has difficulty distinguishing between the sound of the word "pen" and the word "pin" has a: A. Phonological disorder B. Articulation disorder C. Expressive language impairment D. Receptive language disorder

Q: Which component of school functional assessment evaluates students' ability to complete functional activities requiring cognitive and physical skills? A. Participation B. Task supports C. Activity performance D. Academic achievement

Q: A language impairment that is not related to any physical or intellectual disability is a: A. Speech impairment B. Receptive language disorder C. Specific language impairment D. Expressive language impairment

Q: Each of the following is an element of the School Function Assessment except:A. ParticipationB. Task supportsC. Academic achievementD. Activity performance

Q: Which of the following is a motor speech disorder that affects the way in which a student plans to produce speech?A. Apraxia of speechB. Voice disordersC. Receptive language disordersD. Expressive language disorders

Q: Neuroimaging is helpful in determining the presence of each of the following except: A. Cerebral palsy B. Asthma C. Epilepsy D. Spina bifida

Q: Substitutions, omissions, and distortions are characteristics of: A. Apraxia of speech B. Articulation disorders C. Receptive language disorders D. Expressive language disorders

Q: In the majority of cases of epilepsy (about 75%), the precise cause of the brain insult that triggered the epilepsy is: A. Genetic B. Birth trauma C. Environmental D. Unknown

Q: One of the most frequent communication disorders in preschool and school-age children is: A. Apraxia of speech B. Receptive language disorders C. Expressive language disorders D. Articulation disorders

Q: Each of the following is a cause of cerebral palsy except: A. Gestational infection B. Lack of oxygen to the brain C. Meningitis after birth D. Maternal diabetes and obesity

Q: By what age have children learned to produce nearly all the consonants and vowels that make up the words of their native language? A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 8

Q: Asthma attacks that occur two or fewer days per week or two or fewer nights in a month are: A. Mild persistent B. Intermittent C. Moderate persistent D. Severe

Q: Within the second year of life, the spoken vocabulary of young children increases to which of the following? A.100 words B. 100-200 words C. 200-300 words D. 300-400 words

Q: The most common chronic disease among children in the U.S. is: A. Allergies B. Asthma C. Cystic fibrosis D. Cancer

Q: Which of the following emphasizes that communication skills are learned through social interactions? A. Inborn language acquisition device theory B. Imitation and practice theory C. Social interaction theory D. Imitation and inborn acquisition theory

Q: The majority of children with epilepsy have intelligence scores in which range? A. Average B. Low average C. High average D. Low

Q: What is the overall organizer for language? A. Semantics B. Pragmatics C. Syntax D. Phonology

Q: Which of the following seizures, formerly known as petit mal, causes the student to frequently lose consciousness for a brief period of time? A. Partial B. Semiconscious C. Absence D. Tonic-clonic

Q: Which of the following refers to the meaning of what is expressed? A. Semantics B. Morphology C. Phonology D. Syntax

Q: Which of the following seizures, once known as grand mal, causes the student to lose consciousness and go through rigid extensions and rhythmic contractions of extremities? A. Partial B. Semiconscious C. Absence D. Tonic-clonic

Q: Which dimensions of language determine the content and social use of language? A. Semantics and pragmatics B. Syntax and pragmatics C. Semantics and phonology D. Syntax and morphology

Q: Seizures that involve both cerebral hemispheres, involve an alteration of consciousness, and affect both sides of the body are: A. Absence seizures B. Tonic-clonic seizures C. Generalized seizures D. Partial seizures

Q: How many morphemes does the word "bills" have? A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1

Q: A condition that develops slowly and has long-lasting symptoms is: A. Chronic B. Acute C. Terminal D. Benign

Q: Which of the following provides rules for putting together a series of words to form sentences? A. Language B. Speech C. Phonology D. Syntax

Q: The most serious form of spina bifida is:A. MyelomeningoceleB. MeningoceleC. Spina bifida majorD. Spina bifida occulta

Q: How many different sounds are produced in the English language? A. 26 B. Over 100 C. 36 D. 45

Q: There are three common forms of spina bifida: meningocele, myelomeningocele, and: A. Spina bifida minor B. Spina bifida major C. Spina bifida occulta D. Nonspecific spina bifida

Q: The oral expression of language is: A. Language B. Speech C. Phonology D. Syntax

Q: Which of the following refers to a malformation of the spinal cord before birth? A. Cerebral palsy B. Spina bifida C. Multiple sclerosis D. Muscular dystrophy

Q: What percent of students aged 3"21 have speech/language disorders? A. About 20% B. Nearly 50% C. Only 5% D. Over 65%

Q: Many students with cerebral palsy also frequently have one or more of the following conditions except: A. Vision impairments B. Epilepsy C. Problems with bladder and bowel control D. Hearing impairments

Q: A language variation used by a group of individuals that reflects regional, social, or cultural/ethnic factors is: A. Dialect B. Ebonics C. Accent D. Difference

Q: What percent of children and youth with cerebral palsy have an intellectual disability? A. About 50% B. Less than 10% C. About 25% D. Over 75%

Q: Which of the following is characterized by difficulty receiving or understanding information? A. Speech disorder B. Voice quality disorder C. Receptive language disorder D. Expressive language disorder

Q: A physical disability that affects all four limbs is:A. HemiplegiaB. ParaplegiaC. QuadriplegiaD. Diplegia

Q: Which of the following entails receiving, understanding, and expressing information, feelings, and ideas? A. Reading B. Communication C. Comprehension D. Language

Q: Classifying a person's disability by the specific body location of the movement impairment is: A. Physical classification B. Medical classification C. Topographical classification D. Regional classification

Q: What is meant by your textbook authors' statement: "Differentiated instruction is a logical companion to universal design for learning"?

Q: Abrupt, involuntary movements of the head, neck, face, and extremities, particularly the upper torso, are involved in which type of cerebral palsy? A. Mixed B. Spastic C. Dyskinetic D. Athetoid

Q: Summarize some of the possible causes of learning disabilities.

Q: Which type of cerebral palsy is the most common and is characterized by tightness in one or more muscle groups? A. Mixed B. Spastic C. Dyskinetic D. Athetoid

Q: Describe the response to the intervention model for identifying learning disabilities, and include concerns about the model.

Q: What term do educators use to refer to a severe orthopedic impairment that adversely affects a child's educational performance? A. Cerebral palsy B. Physical disabilities C. Other health impairments D. Orthopedic impairments

Q: Describe the discrepancy model for identifying learning disabilities, and include problems with this model.

Q: Describe augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices and explain why they are so important for students with multiple disabilities.