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Special Education
Q:
Which of the following is NOT true regarding students with learning disabilities and written language?
A) Some of their difficulties are due to confusion about spelling.
B) Their written language deficits reflect their weak language base.
C) They spend a large amount of time planning their writing.
D) They tend to rewrite compositions several times.
Q:
According to current research, which of the following is NOT an outcome associated with fluency?
A) improved social relationships
B) greater endurance
C) improved retention
D) improved application and generalization
Q:
Explain the important components for an instructional program for Tess, a fourth grader with severe disabilities.
Q:
Which of the following is most likely to be heard at 40 dB from 15 feet away?
A) a whisper
B) a lawnmower
C) normal conversation
D) a dripping faucet
Q:
Mrs. Fonzi just attended a workshop on explicit instruction. She is trying to make her lessons more explicit. Her lesson focuses on rhyming words. What would be the first step in making the lesson more explicit?
A) providing guided practice using words that rhyme and don"t rhyme
B) providing independent practice activities that focus on rhyming words
C) modeling examples of rhyming words and explaining why they rhyme
D) reading The Cat in the Hat and asking students to identify rhyming words
Q:
Amelia is a student with autism who does not speak. Instead she types what she wants to say into a device that converts the text to speech. The device helps Amelia to express her desires and needs. This is an example of
A) assistive technology
B) an instructional strategy
C) interdisciplinary services
D) universal design for learning
Q:
Explain the importance of choice making for students with severe disabilities.
Q:
Which of the following is not a factor that determines how a hearing loss affects language and communication?
A) the degree of hearing loss
B) the language spoken in the home
C) the attitudes of parents and siblings
D) the presence or absence of other disabilities
Q:
Which of the following statements about explicit instruction is not accurate?
A) It shortens learning time.
B) It is most effective in teaching students to read.
C) It is fundamental for students acquiring math skills.
D) It makes the student responsible for learning throughout the process.
Q:
Early intervention services
A) are also for children who are gifted and talented
B) are funded by ADA
C) are only mandated for infants and toddlers experiencing developmental delays
D) are prescribed and implemented according to an individualized family service plan (IFSP)
Q:
Imagine you are a special educator with a student, Maya, who has severe/multiple disabilities. Your supervisor wants to recommend that Maya be sent to a special residential school because he (the supervisor) sees no significant change in her academic levels of performance. Draft a response letter that supports your reasons for keeping Maya in her neighborhood school.
Q:
Which of the following is true of a student with a high frequency hearing loss?
A) She would have a hard time hearing the /d/ sound.
B) She would have a hard time hearing men's voices.
C) She would have a hard time hearing women's voices.
D) She would have a hard time hearing normal conversation.
Q:
Children who are unsuccessful with interventions that work for other struggling readers have difficulty with both
A) decoding and word recall
B) decoding and reading comprehension
C) phonological awareness and visual naming speed
D) phonological awareness and auditory processing speed
Q:
P. L. 99"457 extended the services provided to school-aged children with disabilities and required states to serve children ages
A) 0"3
B) 0"5
C) 3"5
D) 18"21
Q:
Teaching social skills to teenagers is the most difficult task for an adult.
Q:
The eardrum is also known as the
A) auricle
B) meatus
C) ossicle
D) tympanic membrane
Q:
Mrs. O"Cain asks Travis to identify the middle sound in the word hit. Which phonemic awareness skill does this task involve?
A) isolating sounds
B) manipulating sounds
C) orally blending sounds
D) segmenting a word into sounds
Q:
Which of the following statements about parental participation and shared decision making is NOT true?
A) Input from the parent is required.
B) Input from the student is invited when appropriate.
C) Parents and students have input on services and placement decisions.
D) Parents and students prevail when there is a disagreement between the school and the family.
Q:
One-to-one instruction is the only effective teaching arrangement for students with severe disabilities.
Q:
Residual hearing is defined as
A) sounds amplified by a hearing aid
B) sounds measured by a hearing test
C) sounds perceived by a deaf person
D) sounds that can no longer be heard after a hearing loss
Q:
Carter is having difficulty learning to read. Although he is in third grade, his teacher says that he does not seem to have a conscious understanding that language is made up of sounds. Carter has a deficit in
A) attention
B) phonological awareness
C) reading comprehension
D) word recall
Q:
All of the following are procedural safeguards granted by IDEA except
A) parental consent for evaluation and placement decisions
B) attorney fees for all parents in due process hearings
C) an independent evaluation at public expense when parents disagree with results of an evaluation conducted by a school district
D) award of reasonable attorney fees to school districts who prevail in frivolous lawsuits by parents
Q:
Functionality means the usefulness of a skill for a student with a severe or multiple disability.
Q:
Which of the following is an example of a student who would qualify for special education services as a student with a hearing loss?
A) Aimee, who had tubes in her ears in kindergarten
B) Brad, who currently has an ear infection in both ears
C) Chandra, who needs an interpreter to sign in social studies class
D) Demetrius, who wears hearing aids but still cannot understand speech
Q:
All of the following are basic psychological processes except
A) behavior
B) listening
C) speaking
D) thinking
Q:
According to the least restrictive environment (LRE) principle of IDEA, which of the following is NOT true?
A) Students with disabilities should be included in nonacademic classes.
B) Students with disabilities should be included in school events such as assemblies and field trips.
C) Placement options for students with disabilities should reflect a continuum.
D) IEP teams should first consider the option of self-contained class placement for students with disabilities.
Q:
Children with severe disabilities are not able to benefit from instruction in reading and math.
Q:
At what age are infants who can hear first able to discriminate speech sounds?
A) 1 month
B) 3 months
C) 6 months
D) 9 months
Q:
Most students with learning disabilities have problems with
A) attention
B) hyperactivity
C) reading
D) written language
Q:
All of the following are examples of related services except
A) therapeutic recreation services
B) transportation to scheduled doctor visits
C) speech and language services to prevent communicative problems
D) orientation and mobility services for students who are blind or partially sighted.
Q:
A plateau usually signals the end of functional improvement for a student with traumatic brain injury.
Q:
Suppose that a colleague approached you for advice concerning a student who stuttered. What advice would you offer her/him?
Q:
Which of the following terms is considered obsolete by the NJCLD?
A) dyslexia
B) dysgraphia
C) learned helplessness
D) perceptual impairments
Q:
Which of the following is true regarding a free appropriate public education (FAPE) under IDEA?
A) Parents may choose their child's school.
B) Students must attend the school closest to their home.
C) Students are entitled to an individualized education program.
D) Parents are expected to pay for related services such as physical therapy.
Q:
Contusions usually accompany mild brain injuries.
Q:
Explain why the pull-out model for special education service delivery might not be the best option.
Q:
The NJCLD definition of learning disabilities is different from the IDEA definition in that
A) it pertains to school-age children only
B) social difficulties are recognized as a learning disability
C) a specific formula for calculating a discrepancy score is provided
D) central nervous system dysfunction is presumed to the cause of learning disabilities
Q:
Hector and his family came to the United States from Cuba last year. Hector speaks only Spanish and seems unable to learn English despite extended help from an ELL teacher. He is failing all subjects in second grade except for Art and P.E. He was recently evaluated for the possibility of an intellectual disability. The school psychologist administered an intelligence test in Spanish. Scores indicate that Hector has significant cognitive delays. Based on the findings, the IEP team is recommending that Hector receive special education services as a student with an intellectual disability. Did Hector receive a nondiscriminatory evaluation as required by IDEA?
A) No; only one test was administered.
B) No; the psychologist was a stranger to Hector.
C) Yes; the testing was done in Hector's home language.
D) Yes; the IEP team recommended that Hector receive services.
Q:
Students with severe disabilities constitute the most homogeneous group of all exceptional children.
Q:
As a first grade teacher, what process would you follow if you had concerns about one of your student's speech development? What are some strategies you can implement should a language impairment be diagnosed?
Q:
One advantage of the response to intervention approach to identifying students with learning disabilities is
A) it is simpler to use
B) it is less time-consuming
C) it is preferred by teachers and parents
D) it results in early identification and prevention
Q:
Which principle of IDEA states that no child with a disability can be excluded from a free appropriate public education?
A) zero reject
B) due process
C) mainstreaming
D) full inclusion
Q:
The majority of students with deaf-blindness have some functional hearing and/or vision.
Q:
Using a fictitious case study, illustrate two strategies for increasing naturalistic teaching of language.
Q:
What is a drawback to using a discrepancy approach to identifying children with learning disabilities?
A) It is a subjective approach.
B) It is a wait and fail approach.
C) Test scores don"t represent actual performance.
D) Too few students are being identified as learning disabled.
Q:
Which of the following is not required by the Individuals with Disabilities Act?
A) due process safeguards
B) an individualized education plan
C) education to the greatest extent possible with peers who are not disabled
D) a free appropriate education for students who are gifted and talented
Q:
Most students with multiple disabilities also have deaf-blindness.
Q:
Discuss articulation and phonological disorders.
Q:
The most common way to identify a severe discrepancy between expected and actual achievement is
A) interviewing parents
B) observing the student in various classes and comparing performance
C) comparing student scores on IQ tests with scores on an achievement test
D) comparing student scores on reading and math tests with those of peers in the same grade
Q:
PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1972) granted a free appropriate public education to
A) all students with disabilities
B) students with intellectual disabilities
C) students with speech and language impairments
D) students who were previously deemed unable to benefit from instruction
Q:
Some students with severe disabilities do not need special education services.
Q:
A child who has a language delay may not have a language disorder.
Q:
Which of the following students would not qualify as learning disabled according to the federal definition?
A) Ashley, a student with dyslexia
B) Blake, a student with cerebral palsy
C) Carmen, a student with perceptual problems
D) Damien, a student with developmental aphasia
Q:
Prior to the 1970's
A) students with disabilities could not enroll in public schools
B) students with disabilities had individualized education plans
C) students with disabilities were included in extracurricular activities
D) students with disabilities were routinely included in general education classes
Q:
A person with a severe disability needs instruction in skills that most children without disabilities acquire in the first five years of life.
Q:
Regardless of the language spoken, the incidence of stuttering is similar in all Western countries.
Q:
In what year was the category of learning disabilities first included in IDEA?
A) 1963
B) 1975
C) 1980
D) 1990
Q:
Travis is a third grade student with an intellectual disability. He has just been placed in Mrs. Kinard's third grade class. Students in his class are learning their multiplication facts. Travis is eager to participate in class but instead of allowing Travis to do the same activity as the other students, Mrs. Kinard gives him a coloring worksheet that she obtained from a colleague who teaches kindergarten. Which of the disadvantages of labeling is exemplified by her actions?
A) The label is being used to explain his behavior.
B) The label has caused her to have lower expectations.
C) The label has caused her to ridicule and reject Travis.
D) The label has contributed to the expenditure of greater amounts of money.
Q:
Compare and contrast open and closed head injuries.
Q:
Articulation errors are easy to diagnose and treat.
Q:
How Mrs. Morales spends time each day teaching her first grade students how letters and combinations of letters represent small segments of speech called phonemes is known as
A) fluency
B) segmentation
C) phonemic awareness
D) the alphabetic principle
Q:
In a nationwide study, what percentage of students with disabilities was affected by an additional or secondary disability?
A) 10 %
B) 5%
C) 29%
D) 40%
Q:
Briefly explain the prevalence rates of severe/multiple disabilities.
Q:
Articulation errors are mainly caused by faulty mechanical operation of the speech apparatus.
Q:
Provide a task analysis for either tying a shoe or making a peanut butter sandwich. Assume the shoe is already on the foot and that all the ingredients for the sandwich are out. Assume the student has typical motor skills and knows right from left. Number each step.
Q:
Which of the following reflects the change in the number of students with autism over the past 10 years?
A) The number has tripled.
B) The number has decreased.
C) There has been very little change.
D) There are ten times as many students.
Q:
Although no specific set of behaviors is common to all individuals with severe or multiple disabilities, the author provides a list of frequently observed behaviors. List five of the seven.
Q:
Children who use dialects need speech and language services.
Q:
Explain what skills are involved in self-determination training and give an example of the importance of each as it relates to living independently.
Q:
Which of the following is the largest disability category in special education?
A) autism
B) emotional disturbance
C) intellectual disabilities
D) learning disabilities
Q:
How does IDEA define multiple disabilities?
Q:
Children usually develop mature language without instruction or intervention.
Q:
What are some important considerations for a teacher when developing a functional curriculum for a student with ID?
Q:
What percentage of the school-age population ages 6"17 consists of students with disabilities in special education?
A) 2%
B) 5%
C) 12%
D) 30%
Q:
What should the curriculum for a student with severe/multiple disabilities primarily focus on?
Q:
There is one-to-one correspondence between graphemes and phonemes.
Q:
In your own words, explain the cycle of environmentally caused intellectual disabilities.
Q:
Which of the following statements about gender and special education is true?
A) Twice as many boys receive special education services.
B) Twice as many girls receive special education services.
C) Three times as many boys receive special education services.
D) An equal number of boys and girls receive special education services.
Q:
What are the three areas of functioning in which students with severe disabilities show significant deficits?
Q:
Speech sounds are produced by four separate but related processes.