Q&A Hero

Q: During a science test, most of the students remain in their seats working quietly. Peyton, however, taps his pencil until the lead breaks and gets up to sharpen it three times. He also jumps up and walks to the teacher's desk to ask questions, rather than simply raising his hand. Peyton is displaying which key characteristic of ADHD? A) inattention B) hyperactivity C) impulsivity D) combined type

Q: Which of the following describes how a student uses vision in a variety of natural environments and activities? A. Environmental observations B. Teachers and parents C. Functional vision assessments D. Learning media assessments

Q: Risk factors that have been identified to possibly cause intellectual disabilities include each of the following except which one? A. Biomedical factors B. Social factors C. Behavioral factors D. Family factors

Q: Three special education categories where educators have the greatest leeway for exercising their judgments about students' abilities and needs are learning disabilities, emotional-behavioral disorders, and: A. Intellectual disabilities B. Speech and language disorders C. Autism spectrum disorders D. Orthopedic impairments

Q: If thought about in the traditional sense of a continuum, which of the following would constitute the most restrictive placement? A) general education classroom B) resource room C) self-contained classroom D) special school for students with disabilities

Q: The Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Act A) does not guarantee funding for gifted programs. B) guarantees full protections for students, similar to those in IDEA. C) requires states to provide special services to gifted and talented students. D) was initially passed in 2005, thanks to the efforts of Leta Hollingworth.

Q: Color blindness and poor contrast sensitivity result from damage to the: A. Cones B. Optic nerve C. Retina D. Lens

Q: The cause of intellectual disabilities is unknown in what percent of cases? A. Nearly 100% B. About 50% C. Only 25% D. Approximately 75%

Q: Which type of hearing loss occurs with damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve? A) conductive hearing loss B) profound hearing loss C) sensorineural hearing loss D) mild hearing impairment

Q: Each of the following is a key microculture associated with disproportionate representation in special education EXCEPT: A. Race/ethnicity B. Income level C. Education level D. Language

Q: Eli works all of the math problems on a page, even though his teacher specifically told the class to work only the odd-numbered problems. Eli is exhibiting which key characteristic of ADHD? A) inattention B) hyperactivity C) impulsivity D) combined type

Q: Jesse remains in his general education class for most of the day, but goes to a special education class for help with reading and language arts. What type of service delivery is Jesse receiving? A) resource room B) full inclusion C) self-contained special education D) consultation

Q: Cataracts, or clouding of vision, results from damage to the: A. Retina B. Lens C. Cornea D. Cones

Q: What event spurred the government into action to create programs for giftedness? A) the end of the Great Depression B) the launch of Sputnik C) the end of the Vietnam war D) the civil rights movement

Q: Which of the following refers to the time of onset of the disability as being before birth? A. Prenatal B. Perinatal C. Postnatal D. Perinatal

Q: Grade A hospital has begun hearing screening on all newborns. In order to do this, they will test A) for recognition of otoacoustic emissions. B) using an audiogram. C) using an audiometer. D) for decibels, frequency, and pitch.

Q: White students and which of the following are overrepresented in gifted programs? A. American Indian/Alaska Native students B. Hispanic students C. Asian/Pacific Islander students D. Black students

Q: ADHD is more likely to be identified in which child? A) a boy B) a girl C) a girl who appears to daydream a lot in class D) a boy who displays acting out behaviors

Q: What kind of visual impairment do students who experience vision loss after having unimpaired vision have? A. Congenital B. Adventitious C. Acquired D. Prenatal

Q: People with intellectual disabilities have significant limitations in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, practical skills, and: A. Behavioral skills B. Intellectual skills C. Social skills D. Vocational skills

Q: Mr. Zielaskowski teaches in a classroom with students who have intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, speech and language impairments, and emotional disorders. Based on this information, you can ascertain that he teaches in a A) noncategorical classroom. B) resource room. C) self-contained classroom. D) residential school.

Q: Who pioneered research about gifted youngsters, taught the first course, and wrote the first textbook in this area? A) Clark B) Hollingworth C) Gardner D) Marland

Q: Hairlike cells stimulated by vibrations send electrochemical signals to which nerve that carries messages to the brain? A) ocular nerve B) auditory nerve C) 15th cranial nerve D) cochlear nerve

Q: Which of the following students are most likely to experience inclusive settings? A. White B. Hispanic C. Asian/Pacific Islander D. Black

Q: Having a poor sense of one's ability to effect change in one's life is associated with limitations in: A. Range and variety of experiences B. Incidental learning C. Ability to get around D. Interaction with the environment

Q: Students with intellectual disabilities have difficulty transferring knowledge or behavior learned for doing one task to another task for each of the following reasons EXCEPT: A. Expectations vary in different settings B. They do not have the intellectual capacity to learn the skill C. Non-school settings tend to have greater complexity and more distractions D. They have challenges using working memory in novel situations

Q: Rafik has ADHD with comorbidity. This means that A) his symptoms are life-threatening. B) he also has another disability. C) he has a dour sense of humor. D) there is a family history of ADHD.

Q: Ms. Holley, a speech/language pathologist, goes into Mr. Johnson's general education classroom to provide speech therapy to a student there. This is an example of A) itinerant teaching. B) collaborative teaching. C) co-teaching. D) pull-in programming.

Q: One landmark in the history of gifted education in the United States during the early 1900s was A) the development of the Binet Intelligence Test. B) the concept of multiple intelligences. C) the launching of Sputnik. D) the theory of natural selection.

Q: Which of the following students are the least likely to spend time in the general education classroom and more time in special settings? A. White B. Hispanic C. Asian/Pacific Islander D. Black

Q: Problems with early motor development are related to limitations in: A. Range and variety of experiences B. Incidental learning C. Ability to get around D. Interaction with the environment

Q: The ability to transfer knowledge or behavior learned for doing one task to another task and to make that transfer across different settings or environments is which of the following? A. Long-term memory B. Working Memory C. Generalization D. Short-term memory

Q: All of the following are ossicles EXCEPT for the A) cochlea. B) malleus. C) incus. D) stapes.

Q: Farris has ADHD, but does not qualify for special education services. Which of the following statements is true? A) He may receive accommodations, such as extended time on tests or assignments, through Section 504. B) His parents have a strong case for initiating due process procedures. C) He was probably assessed using the APA definition of ADHD. D) He probably comes from a disorganized home environment.

Q: The proportion of students served in special education by disability and race/ethnicity; the percentage of students in special education in difference educational environments by race/ethnicity; and the percentage of student in racial/ethnic groups receiving special education are: A. Data sources related to disproportionate representation B. Data sources related to tracking C. Data sources used in the Brown v. Board of Education case D. Data sources related to nondiscriminatory evaluation

Q: Each of the following may be a reason why touch is not always an effective substitute for vision except that some objects are too: A. Heavy B. Big C. Dangerous D. Fragile

Q: Mr. Thomas, a special education teacher, serves as a resource to the general education teachers in his school. He determines appropriate accommodations for the students in class, and helps design services and supports that the teachers can implement in their classrooms. Mr. Thomas A) provides pull-in programming. B) is a consulting teacher. C) co-teaches with his colleagues. D) provides pull-out programs for students with special needs.

Q: Explain the role of interveners in the education of deaf-blind students.

Q: The majority of students with intellectual disabilities have IQ ranges in which of the following? A. 50"55 to approximately 70 B. 35"40 to 50"55 C. 20"25 to 30"40 D. IQ below 20"25

Q: This protest was an important event in the history of Deaf advocacy and activism. A) Lexington Center protest over a hearing chief executive B) Deaf President Now Movement C) Bell's protests regarding marriage between two Deaf individuals D) the granting of voting rights to the Deaf on Martha's Vineyard

Q: Due to concerns about hyperactivity, Emile is being assessed for ADHD using the DSM-IV criteria. According to these criteria, he must exhibit all of the following EXCEPT A) at least six symptoms. B) symptoms to have persisted for at least 6 months. C) marked improvement when under medical treatment. D) symptoms that are to such a degree that they are maladaptive and inconsistent with his developmental level.

Q: Comparing the proportion of a specific racial/ethnic group receiving special education services to the proportion among the total combined other racial/ethnic groups receiving special education is: A. Discriminatory evaluation B. Segregation C. Risk ratio D. Cultural discrimination

Q: Ms. Whelan, a general education teacher, and Ms. Church, a special education teacher, teach together in the same classroom for the entire day. They are practicing A) consultation. B) collaborative teaching. C) co-teaching. D) pull-out programming.

Q: Although people with visual impairments are a heterogeneous group, they have one characteristic in common: A. Limited ability to learn to read B. Limited ability to develop independent skills C. Limited ability to learn incidentally D. Limited ability to interact with others

Q: Briefly list at least 4 areas where technology helps individuals with low incidence disabilities.

Q: Students with intellectual disabilities have an IQ that is which of the following? A. Within two standard deviations of the mean. B. Two standard deviations above the mean. C. Two or more standard deviations below the mean. D. One standard deviation below the mean.

Q: The court case in California that paved the way for the abandonment of standardized testing alone as a means for determining whether or not a student was placed in special education was: A. Brown v. Board of Education B. Larry P. v. Riles C. Diana v. Board of Education D. Lau v. Nichols

Q: In 1817, the first school for the deaf in the United States was started by A) Henry Baker. B) Thomas Braidwood. C) Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet. D) Lawrence Clerc.

Q: A child who is described as having a heightened alertness to the environment, which reduces his ability to pay attention in class, would A) not be considered as having ADHD, because an attention deficit cannot co-exist with heightened alertness. B) qualify as having ADHD under the federal definition, but only if it adversely affects his educational performance. C) be identified as having ADHD under the APA DSM-IV definition. D) have ADD, not ADHD.

Q: Almost as soon as babies are born, vision helps them to organize, synthesize, and: A. Give meaning to their perceptions B. Learn prereading skills C. Develop strong motor skills D. Develop strong auditory skills

Q: Which of the following statements about assistive technology is accurate according to IDEA '04? A) An assistive technology device cannot be modified or customized. B) Assistive technology services do not include the provision of a functional evaluation of student needs in the school setting. C) Assistive technology services can include support for the use of the device, including selection, fitting, repair, and replacement. D) Assistive technology services do not include training on the device for the child, family members, and education professionals.

Q: Students with lower IQs tend to have which of the following? A. Fewer needs for supports to function in school B. Greater needs for supports to function at school C. Fewer needs for supports to function in other settings D. No educational benefit from school

Q: Briefly list at least four of the educational characteristics associated with TBI. What other disabilities have some of the same characteristics?

Q: One early consequence of the efforts at school racial desegregation was that, as enrollments of culturally and linguistically diverse children in previously all-white schools increased, their enrollment in self-contained programs increased for which of the following? A. Students with learning disabilities B. Students with autism C. Gifted students D. Students with mild intellectual disabilities

Q: Best estimates indicate that how many students have a visual disorder that interferes with learning? A. 1 or 2 in 1,000 B. 3 or 5 in 100 C. 1 or 2 in 100 D. 3 or 5 in 1,000

Q: Ian has a hearing loss, but is able to understand sounds with help from a hearing aid. Which term correctly describes his hearing loss? A) hard of hearing B) deaf C) Deaf D) sound impaired

Q: According to the U.S. Department of Education, what percentage of school age children identified to receive special education services receives services for intellectual disabilities? A. About 7% B. Only 2% C. Nearly 15% D. Over 20%

Q: Which of the following ordered schools to desegregate by race with all due deliberate speed? A. Brown v. Board of Education B. Larry P. v. Riles C. Diana v. Board of Education D. PASE v. Hannon

Q: Which national organization provides mentors for students with learning disabilities and ADHD, and encourages students to express themselves through art? A) ART for ADHD B) Schwab Kids C) The Purple Shoe Gang D) Project Eye-To-Eye

Q: A cochlear implant is a device that is surgically inserted into a person's ear in order to help them hear. According to IDEA '04, a cochlear implant A) can be made available to a student with a hearing loss if diagnostic testing in at least three academic areas shows its potential benefits. B) is a federally-funded instructional accommodation for students with hearing loss. C) can be paid for by local school districts. D) is NOT an assistive technology device.

Q: Describe what teachers can do to promote a sense of belonging for students who are deaf-blind.

Q: A person is legally blind if: A. Their acuity is 20/20 even with glasses B. Their acuity is 20/10 even with glasses C. Their field of vision is less than 80 degrees D. Their field of vision is less than 20 degrees

Q: Lavona has a profound hearing loss and cannot understand sounds or words, even with her hearing aid. Which term correctly describes her hearing loss? A) hard of hearing B) deaf C) Deaf D) sound impaired

Q: Two major characteristics of intellectual disabilities are limitations in intellectual functioning and which of the following? A. Low IQ B. Limitations in adaptive behavior C. Speech and language limitations D. Behavior disorders

Q: The belief that racial and class inequity are reproduced over time to maintain the status quo at the expense of less privileged groups is associated with: A. Cultural deficit theory B. Eugenics C. Cultural reproduction theory D. Genetic deficit theory

Q: ____ has/have contributed to many public misperceptions of ADHD. A) Poorly conducted research by specialists in brain injuries B) Ad campaigns by pharmaceutical companies C) Sensational media coverage D) Vaguely written legislation

Q: The term __________ refers to equipment or services to help compensate for an individual's disabilities. A) universal design for learning B) assistive technology C) related services D) itinerant services

Q: Individuals who typically use braille for efficient reading and writing are considered which of the following? A. Low vision B. Functionally blind C. Totally blind D. Legally blind

Q: Which of the following means providing services, resources, and personal assistance on a constant basis? A. Limited B. Intermittent C. Extensive D. Pervasive

Q: What are some common characteristics of individuals with multiple-severe disabilities?

Q: What are some basic rules regarding interactions with a person with a disability and his/her service animal?

Q: Sugary diets, food additives, and poor child-rearing practices A) are all causes of hyperactivity in children. B) have been studied extensively to determine their connection to ADHD. C) have been targets of treatment for hyperactivity, without research to validate these practices. D) are frequently to blame for the poor school performance of children with ADHD.

Q: Procedures for seeking to improve the human race by encouraging birth of children with allegedly "good" hereditary qualities and discouraging or preventing the birth of those with allegedly "undesirable" hereditary qualities is: A. Cultural deficit theory B. Eugenics C. Cultural reproduction theory D. Genetic deficit theory

Q: Which of the following is determined by having an individual read the letters on a chart, each line of which is composed of letters written with a certain size print? A. Field of vision B. Tunnel vision C. Functional blindness D. Visual acuity

Q: Services, resources, and personal assistance for enabling a person to develop, learn, and live effectively are called: A. Transitions B. Supports C. Supplements D. Advocates

Q: Stephen is a 7th-grader with a visual disability. Which of the following would be an appropriate accommodation for his social studies class? A) require him to listen in class but do not expect him to do the class readings B) let him watch movies and videos about relevant course content rather than do the readings C) provide him with the textbook on audiotape and let him listen to his assignments D) have another student give copies of his or her notes to Stephen and grade those notes as if they were Stephen's own work

Q: Give an example of how community-based instruction (CBI) would be used with a student with low-incidence disabilities.

Q: Which theories reemerged with publication of The Bell Curve? A. Cultural deficit and genetic deficit B. Eugenics and cultural deficit C. Cultural difference and genetic deficit D. Genetic deficit and eugenics

Q: Students with physical disabilities and health impairments are often absent from school. What can schools do to better accommodate these students?

Q: Most individuals with visual impairments: A. Use braille B. Read print C. Use audiobooks D. Rely on others to read to them