Q&A Hero

Q: List two possible advantages of and two possible disadvantages of the impact of standards-based reform for students with disabilities.

Q: Why is it so important to teach phonological skills to young children? A) Phonological awareness is one of the main "building blocks" for communicative competence. B) Strong phonological skills result in good articulation. C) Phonological skills are the foundation upon which pragmatics are built. D) Young children who lack these skills appear to be at great risk for reading failure later.

Q: Which of the following is not criteria for ADHD under APA definition? A. Be present in at least two settings B. Occur before age 12 C. Attributed to another disability D. Persist for greater than six months

Q: The most common form of progress monitoring of students with hearing loss is: A. Language assessment B. Literacy assessment C. Academic skills assessment D. Functional skills assessment

Q: Which of the following would NOT be a component of an effective educational intervention for preschool students with ASD? A) predictable student schedules B) use of ambiguous language C) plans to generalize skills to other settings D) behavioral approaches to address problem behaviors

Q: Ethan has an intellectual disability. Part of his educational program involves helping him to make decisions, choose preferences, and exercise the self-advocacy needed for independent living. These skills are all examples of A) instructional accommodations. B) instructional modifications. C) functional skills curricula. D) self-determination skills.

Q: Alternative assessments based on modified achievement standards (AA-MAS) are used for students who: A. are able to take grade level assessments with modifications. B. have the most significant cognitive disabilities that involve multiple accommodations. C. need both accommodations and modifications to the grade level standards. D. are able to take the grade level assessments with accommodations.

Q: A person who has a hearing loss of 70 to 90 decibels or greater is considered: A. Hard of hearing B. Congenitally deaf C. Deaf D. Partially deaf

Q: Jos is a student with AD/HD combined type. He is inattentive, withdrawn, restless, and impulsive. Which would be the most appropriate intervention to help Jos with his behavior? A. Send him to the principal's office where there are less distractions. B. Offer Jos reading materials below his reading level to decrease frustration. C. Teach Jos organizational and goal-setting skills. D. Help Jos's parents seek medication to control his behavior.

Q: As she helps her 2- and 3-year-old students put their socks and shoes on after naptime, Ms. Moreno talks about how socks keep feet warm and keep shoes from rubbing blisters on feet. She also talks about how shoes protect our feet from sharp rocks and hot pavement. Ms. Moreno is helping to develop her students' __________ skills. A) expressive language B) phonological awareness C) pragmatics D) articulation

Q: Ten-month-old Bella looks at a toy, then looks at her mother. As she returns her attention to the toy, her mother also looks at it. This characteristic of typically-developing children, known as ____, may be used to identify children with ASD. A) echolalia B) motor imitation C) expressive movement D) joint attention

Q: In your own words, explain the "principle of natural proportions."

Q: According to the American Psychiatric Association, symptoms of ADHD must persist for at least how long? A. 6 months B. 3 years C. 6 years D. 3 months

Q: C.J. has an intellectual disability and participates in a general education science class. His classmates must memorize the first 15 elements on the periodic table for an upcoming test, and be able to diagram their molecular structure. In contrast, C.J. must match each element name to its correct abbreviation. The different test and expectations for C.J. in science are examples of __________. A) instructional accommodations. B) instructional modifications. C) functional skills curricula. D) self-determination skills.

Q: What percent of students with hearing impairments spend 80-100% of their time in general education classroom settings? A. 54% B. 76% C. 14% D. 8%

Q: Accommodations may change each of the following EXCEPT: A. Teachers ways of presenting information B. Students ways of responding C. Content of assessment D. Timing of assessments

Q: Hearing loss in both ears is described as: A. Bilateral B. Lateral C. Dual D. Singular

Q: All of the toddlers below have speech or language impairments. Which child is likely to have the best outcomes? A) Child A, who receives therapy from an SLP in a clinic B) Child B, who receives home-based interventions with her parents C) Child C, who receives SLP services in her preschool D) Child D, who receives therapy in a clinic and home-based interventions with her parents

Q: Shane has difficulty finishing assignments, often loses things, is easily distracted, and has poor attention to detail. Which of the following best identifies Shane? A. AD/HD predominantly inattentive type B. AD/HD predominantly hyperactive type C. AD/HD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type D. AD/HD combined type

Q: Sheila is a student with a learning disability who receives instruction in the general education curriculum. Which of the following would be an appropriate accommodation for Sheila when taking the standardized state test? A. Not requiring Sheila to take the test. B. Allow Sheila to take the test home to complete. C. Allow Sheila extra time to complete the test. D. Allow Sheila to take an alternative assessment.

Q: Fidgeting, leaving the seat in the classroom, running or climbing excessively, difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities, blurting out answers, difficulty waiting to take turns, and talking excessively are characteristics of: A. ADHD inattentive type B. ADHD hyperactive/impulsive type C. ADHD with learning disability D. ADHD combined type

Q: Under IDEA, a student who cannot learn the same content as same-age peers who do not have disabilities, and who cannot take the state assessment even with accommodations, is required to: A. Take an alternate assessment B. Take the standard assessment C. Be exempt from all assessment D. Be excused from school

Q: Because language delays are difficult to examine in young children, professionals assess __________ as a means of identifying ASD. A) receptive language only B) the ability to imitate motor movements C) expressive language only D) fine motor skills

Q: Tera has a moderate intellectual disability. Her educational goals contain little access to the general education curriculum, and focus more on a functional skills curriculum. Tera's progress will be assessed using A) high-stakes testing. B) alternate assessments. C) standardized, district- and state-wide tests. D) behavioral checklists.

Q: Which educational setting was the basis for developing the Deaf community/Deaf culture? A. The general education classroom B. The resource room C. Homebound setting D. The residential school

Q: In an effort to evaluate a student's language abilities, Ms. Gunawardena, an SLP, tests out a language intervention with a student and then monitors its effectiveness. She is using A) a portfolio assessment. B) standardized tests. C) a dynamic assessment. D) a developmental scale.

Q: A recommended assessment accommodation for students with AD/HD is: A. Provide them with a shortened test B. Allow the student to take extra breaks C. Allow them to take the test with a partner D. Allow them to take the test as an open-book test

Q: Describe the steps to teaching problem-solving skills.

Q: Anthony is a first grade student who has been struggling in his general education setting. The parents and teacher have discussed their concerns about Anthony's lack of progress and frustration. Using the response to intervention model, what is the likely first step to implement for Anthony? A. The teacher should implement high-quality, research-based interventions and monitor Anthony's progress. B. The teacher should request that Anthony be tested for special education services. C. The parents should have Anthony assessed by his pediatrician. D. The teacher and parents should wait until Anthony gets a bit older before acting on their concerns.

Q: What fraction of students served under the category that includes ADHD actually have ADHD? A. Greater than 2/3 B. Less than C. Almost D. About

Q: Characteristics such as poor response to other's voices and more interest in looking at objects than at people A) are more indicative of Rett syndrome than ASD. B) indicate that a sibling of a child with ASD may be feeling neglected. C) are early signs of ASD in children younger than 24 months old. D) can help children with ASD for whom vitamin therapy may be successful.

Q: Alternate achievement standards are designed for: A. Students who don"t pass the state assessments B. Students with severe cognitive disabilities C. All special education students D. They are an option for teachers who don"t like the state assessments

Q: Identify and explain the five principle components of collaborative teaming.

Q: With regards to unemployment and underemployment, compared to people who hear, people who are deaf: A. Experience both at a higher rate B. Are more unemployed but are underemployed at the same rate C. Experience both at similar rates D. Experience both at lower rates due to government programs

Q: Ms. Patel, a school psychologist, wants an objective assessment that can convert scores to age equivalents across adaptive skill areas. She should use the who wants to use an assessment that will determine whether a student performs everyday skills expected of an individual of that age in a typical environment. Ms. Patel should use A) Brigance Test of Basic Skills. B) Woodcock-Johnson. C) WISC-III. D) Assessment of Adaptive Areas.

Q: Which of the following allows teachers to track two aspects of a behavior together? A. A checklist B. A T-chart C. Curriculum-based measurement D. Goal attainment scaling

Q: Jacqui is a well-behaved ninth grader who is reading four grade levels below the rest of the ninth-grade class. Mr. Atom, the science teacher, wants to include her with the rest of the class, but he is unsure how to accommodate Jacqui due to her reading disability. Which of the following suggests an inappropriate accommodation for Jacqui? A. Pair Jacqui with a lab partner who can help with reading, but hold Jacqui accountable for completing the labs and writing up her results. B. Allow Jacqui to complete easier science labs from the fifth grade science book because this book is at her reading level. C. Provide Jacqui with audiotapes of the labs and textbook chapters, so she may listen to them at her convenience. D. Allow Jacqui to have her science tests read orally, or allow her to use technologies that "read" print for her.

Q: Which IDEA category includes ADHD? A. Emotional disturbance B. Learning disabilities C. Other health impairments D. Attention deficit disorder

Q: Which of the following defines the level of achievement that students must meet to demonstrate proficiency in the subjects? A. Academic content standards B. The general education curriculum C. Student achievement standards D. Alternative achievement standards

Q: SLPs do NOT __________ during the prereferral stage. A) analyze the student's school records B) provide direct services to the child C) conduct evaluations in the classroom D) suggest alternative instructional procedures

Q: What are some instructional strategies that could be used when planning for universal design for learning?

Q: __________ have been shown to improve the symptoms associated with ASD. A) Vitamin supplements and exercise B) Brain stem surgery and physical therapy C) Educational interventions D) A preservative-free diet combined with yoga

Q: The number of children with hearing loss enrolled in early intervention programs has been positively affected by: A. Inclusion B. Transition laws C. Total language communication D. Newborn hearing screening

Q: Ms. Patel is a school psychologist who wants to use an assessment that will determine whether a student performs everyday skills expected of an individual of that age in a typical environment. Ms. Patel should use A) a measure of adaptive skill areas. B) an IQ measure. C) an academic skills assessment. D) a behavior rating checklist.

Q: Describe the process of mastery learning or mastery training instruction.

Q: Which of the following involves identifying five potential outcomes of instruction and graphing results to compare progress? A. Comparative analysis B. A T-chart C. Curriculum-based measurement D. Goal attainment scaling

Q: A systems-level, problem-solving oriented, data-based approach to reducing problem behavior, improving appropriate behavior, and achieving important academic, social, and communication outcomes throughout the school building is: A. Response to intervention B. Universal Design for Learning C. Alternative assessment D. Positive behavior supports

Q: Stuttering is more likely to occur when the conversation is A) about a topic of interest to the student. B) complex or stressful. C) occurring in the child's home instead of the classroom. D) with peers.

Q: Which of the following represents what a majority of states are following for their English Language and Mathematics standards? A. Student achievement standards B. Academic content standards C. Common Core State Standards D. Alternative achievement standards

Q: Theories regarding causes indicate that ASD is NOT A) linked to behavioral characteristics. B) tied to complex genetic patterns. C) caused by inadequate parenting. D) a lifelong neurological disorder.

Q: Describe the emotional, behavioral, and social changes of students with TBI.

Q: A system that provides real-time translations of spoken word to software-equipped laptops is: A. Closed-caption technology B. Loop system C. C-print D. Voice synthesizer

Q: Why doesn"t the U. S. Department of Education provide data on the number of students with AD/HD who are educated in the general education classroom? A. Because all students with AD/HD receive their education in the general education classroom. B. Because AD/HD is a complex disability that often also includes students with learning and language disabilities. C. Because AD/HD is not a separate category under IDEA. D. Because some parents do not want their child labeled AD/HD.

Q: What is meant by student engagement and how does it impact learning?

Q: One problem with the concept of mental age is that A) MA scores tend to be much higher than the individual actually functions. B) this can overestimate intellectual skills like logic and foresight in problem-solving. C) MA scores average six-twelve months lower than the individual actually performs. D) many people incorrectly believe it is equivalent to an IQ score.

Q: Which of the following identifies the academic content that students should master, the standards for the student's achievement of content proficiency, and assessment of student progress in meeting the standards? A. Standards-based reform B. The general education curriculum C. Student achievement standards D. Alternative achievement standards

Q: What type of impairment is uncommon among schoolchildren? A) articulation problems B) voice problems C) language impairments D) language delays

Q: Dr. Bordelon is the special education director for a small school district of approximately 15,000 students. Assuming her students are similar to those in the national population, about how many students with ASD can she anticipate in her district? A) approximately 100 B) between 200-300 C) nearly 50 D) about 15

Q: Which of the following determines whether any student, with or without a disability, needs more intensive instruction? A. Response to intervention B. Universal Design for Learning C. Alternative assessment D. Positive behavior supports

Q: Which of the following involves closed-circuit wiring that sends FM signals from an audio system directly to an electronic coil in the student's hearing aid? A. Sound-field amplification system B. Loop system C. Closed-caption technology D. Telecommunication device

Q: Describe the characteristics of cognitive change in students with traumatic brain injury.

Q: Computer-assisted instruction is often used for: A. Drill and practice B. Assessment and evaluation C. Mastery learning D. Errorless learning

Q: Summarize the causes of emotional or behavioral disorders.

Q: Mental age is A) a term used by most professionals. B) a misleading term that should not be used. C) an accurate calculation used by diagnosticians. D) a term used only in reference to children with learning disabilities.

Q: What are some of the protections educators must follow to conduct nondiscriminatory evaluations of students with disabilities?

Q: Victor was born with an opening in the roof of his mouth that causes too much air to pass through his naval cavity. This results in a speech impairment. Which condition does Victor have? A) cleft lip B) cleft palate C) otitis media D) inflamed larynx

Q: Each is a school- or classroom-level action to promote student progress in the general education curriculum EXCEPT: A. Create effective learning environments B. Design effective units and lessons C. Promote inclusion D. Implement schoolwide instructional strategies

Q: Discuss the use of cooperative learning groups and the two primary characteristics of these groups.

Q: A system in which the teacher transmits his voice by using a microphone and ceiling- or wall-mounted speakers is: A. Sound-field amplification system B. Loop system C. Closed-caption technology D. Telecommunication device

Q: Compare and contrast oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder.

Q: Mickey has ASD. He frequently engages in disruptive behavior, including purposely banging his head on his desk. Mickey's head-banging behavior is an example of A) echolalia. B) self-injury. C) stereotypies. D) patterning.

Q: How do ADA and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act benefit people with disabilities, and how are these acts different from IDEA?

Q: Mr. and Mrs. Howell are the proud parents of a newborn daughter. Their daughter receives a newborn screening, which will detect ____, allowing them to prevent this condition's devastating effects. A) Down syndrome B) fragile X syndrome C) PKU D) FAS

Q: The prompting strategy used most often in errorless learning is: A. Verbal prompt B. Most-to-least intrusive C. Least-to-most instrusive D. Physical prompt

Q: Which of the following statements correctly reflects the "third generation of inclusion"? A. Inclusion first focused on the "what" of inclusion and is now focusing on the "where." B. Inclusion first focused on the "why" of inclusion and is now focusing on the "what" and "how." C. Inclusion first focused on the "what" and "how" of inclusion and is now focusing on the "where." D. Inclusion first focused on the "where" of inclusion and is now focusing on the "what" and "how."

Q: Identify potential uses for electronic memory aids for students with TBI.

Q: Young children who are identified as having language impairments may often be re-labeled as having __________ in their older years. A) learning disabilities B) intellectual disabilities C) behavior disorders D) ADHD

Q: Teaching children to use their remaining hearing is: A. Total communication B. Oral training C. Aural habilitation D. Hearing rehabilitation

Q: Which of the following is NOT a social characteristic of ASD? A) maintains eye contact for extreme periods of time B) inability to pretend C) does not establish attachments to parents, family members or caregivers D) difficulty establishing friendships

Q: Compare and contrast externalizing and internalizing behaviors.