Q&A Hero

Q: Marcus is a visually impaired student who is a loner on the playground, choosing to play or walk alone. How help Marcus play with others? A. Require Marcus to join a group to play at recess. B. Set up games or other activities that Marcus can play with his peers. C. Leave Marcus alone, if he chooses to be alone he must be happy. D. Seek help from the school counselor.

Q: Although no two students are alike, to be legally considered"exceptional"for purposes of their school program, students must a. have a disability related to their academic progress. b. be handicapped. c. require special educational services to achieve. d. have a history of school failure.

Q: A six-month-old child who cannot walk or talk would best be described as having a(n) a. disability. b. age-appropriate disability. c. age-appropriate inability. d. instructional inability.

Q: What four risk factors are associated with causes of intellectual disabilities (provide an example of each)?

Q: Describe the outcome of the Larry P. v. Riles federal court case.

Q: Annette is a high school student who reads at the level of a typical third grader. She wants to get her driver's license, but is unable to read the driver's manual or the questions on the driving test. For purposes of driver training, Annette would be considered to have a. a disability. b. a handicap. c. a disability and a handicap. d. neither a disability nor a handicap.

Q: Doug Landis, an artist who is paralyzed from the neck down, uses a pencil attached to a mouth stick to draw. This illustrates how the focus on persons with disabilities should be a. on what they can do. b. on how they are limited. c. on their miraculous achievements. d. on what others can do to help them.

Q: Sherry is functionally blind and seems uninterested during class demonstrations or teacher-directed activities. What can you do to help Sherry become an active member of the class? A. Ignore her inattentive behavior. B. Seat Sherry in the front of the room. C. Provide large print or braille materials for Sherry. D. Develop a behavior plan for Sherry.

Q: What factors influence the prevalence of intellectual disabilities and what characteristics are associated with each?

Q: Which one of the following descriptions distinguishes best between a disability and a handicap? a. Disabilities are an inabilities to do something (impairments), while handicaps are disadvantages imposed on an individual. b. Disabilities are more severe than handicaps. c. Handicaps are caused by disabilities. d. There is no real difference between the two; the terms are interchangeable.

Q: Most exceptional learners a. have physical limitations. b. are more different than they are like nondisabled peers. c. are average in more ways than they are not. d. have more problems in motivation than in learning.

Q: What is risk ratio as it relates to special education?

Q: "Mental retardation" is now called a. intellectual disorder b. disordered reasoning c. intellectual disability d. functional disability

Q: Jessica is a student with visual impairments. She doesn"t say hello to peers in hallways or acknowledge peers' presence when entering the room. How can you help Jessica with her social interaction and greetings to peers? A. Teach peers to say both her name and their own in greeting. B. Tell Jessica she appears unfriendly and needs to speak to her friends. C. Have a conference with Jessica's parents to discuss Jessica's aloofness. D. Tell Jessica's peers to ignore her until she speaks to them.

Q: In order to be identified as having Intellectual disabilities, a child must demonstrate significantly subaverage intellectual functioning and which of the following? A. Related limitation on two or more areas of adaptive skills B. Genetic abnormalities C. Seizure syndrome and brain dysfunction D. A discrepancy between ability and achievement

Q: Advances in drug treatments appear to hold the potential for a cure for a. cerebral palsy. b. cystic fibrosis. c. Down syndrome. d. muscular dystrophy.

Q: In comparison to typical students, students who are exceptional a. have both similarities and differences b. are similar in almost every way c. are different in almost every way.

Q: Define eugenics.

Q: Informal measures used to determine students' skill levels include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Teacher observations B. Evaluation of needed prompt levels C. Curriculum-based tests D. Parent interviews

Q: Two tests that could be used to identify a student as having intellectual disabilities are which of the following? A. WISC-IV and the Adaptive Behavior Scale B. WJ Cognitive Battery and WJ Tests of Achievement C. MMPI and Meyers-Briggs D. Stanford-Binet and Scales of Independent Behavior

Q: What is the relationship between culture and microcultures?

Q: Teachers of older visually impaired students should emphasize career-awareness skills, social skills, knowledge of human sexuality, self-help skills, and: A. Reading skills B. Writing skills C. Math skills D. Advocacy skills

Q: Marisa is a student with intellectual disabilities who participates in a job-training program. Marisa is very shy around coworkers. What could you do to help Marisa with her social skills on the job? A. Tell her she will never get a job unless she learns to interact with others. B. Tell her coworkers that Marisa does not talk. C. Include social skills training as a component of her transition instruction. D. Reward Marisa every time she speaks to another person.

Q: You notice in your culturally diverse classroom that there are some underlying prejudices among certain students. How can you reduce these prejudices to create a culturally accepting environment? A. When you notice prejudice, punish the student. B. Talk to the parents of the student who is exhibiting prejudice. C. Teach about the concept of race as a social construct. D. When you notice prejudice, send that student to the principal's office.

Q: Which of the following programs emphasizes strategies that enhance a student's acquisition of body image, language, early self-help skills, sensorimotor skills, concepts, orientation, and early social interactions? A. Transition B. Early childhood C. Functional D. Academic

Q: All of the following are typical testing accommodations for students with intellectual disabilities EXCEPT: A. Dictating responses to a scribe B. Exemption from taking tests C. Having test items read to them D. Extended time

Q: This school year you have very culturally diverse students. In order to enhance your self-awareness of culture, you should do all of the following EXCEPT: A. Examine your cultural values. B. Talk to each student's parents. C. Become aware of your biases. D. Consider your expectations for your students.

Q: Early intervention programs for young children with visual impairments are generally: A. Home-based B. Held in a private facility C. School-based D. Hospital-based

Q: Which type of data would be most appropriate to collect to indicate student performance that is not related to tests? A. Response by response data B. Instructional and test data C. Error data D. Anecdotal data

Q: Juanita, a second grader who recently arrived from Mexico with rudimentary English skills, was referred for a special education assessment after displaying sustained poor academic performance in the classroom. With permission from her parents, the team began the assessment process. Juanita's scores on the intelligence exam (WISC-III) demonstrated an IQ similar to students with moderate intellectual disabilities. She also performed poorly on the school's standard reading, spelling, and writing tests. However, her adaptive and social living skills were above average. Before the team recommends Juanita for special education, which principle of IDEA should they be concerned that they may have violated? A. Nondiscriminatory assessment B. Free appropriate public education (Zero reject) C. Individualized Education D. Due process

Q: An IDEA-related service for students with visual impairments to know where they are in their environment and how to move around that environment safely is: A. Environmental Education B. Kinesthetic instruction C. Orientation and mobility training D. Transition services

Q: Which type of data would be most appropriate to collect to assess how well a student learned a task that was broken into various steps? A. Response by response data B. Instructional and test data C. Error data D. Anecdotal data

Q: Which statement about instructional consultation teams is TRUE? A. Intervention assistance teams are a completely different model. B. The teams usually consist of general educators who try to solve a problem before calling specialists. C. They have little influence on disproportionate referral and placement, but have more success improving academic achievement. D. Schools that use teams had lower rates of students from diverse backgrounds placed in special educations than schools that did not use teams.

Q: Effective teaching strategies for teaching daily living skills to students with visual impairments include each of the following EXCEPT: A. Hand-over-hand demonstrations B. Gradual fading of prompts C. Verbal instructions D. Significant practice

Q: What percent of students with intellectual disabilities spend 80-100% of their time in general education settings? A. 48% B. 8% C. 27% D. 17%

Q: Which of the following exists when teachers modify their teaching in ways that will facilitate the academic achievement of students from diverse racial, cultural, and social-class groups? A. Content integration B. Knowledge construction process C. Equity pedagogy D. Prejudice reduction

Q: Which of the following enlarges an image to the desired size and projects it onto a television or computer screen? A. Optical character reader B. The cloze procedure C. Closed captioning D. Closed circuit television

Q: Community-based instruction is most effective when it is based on a(n): A. Ecological inventory B. Life-space analysis C. Prelinguistic milieu D. Universal design for learning

Q: Teachers helping students to understand, investigate, and determine how the implicit cultural assumptions, frames of references, perspectives, and biases within a discipline influence the ways in which knowledge is constructed within it is: A. Content integration B. Knowledge construction process C. Equity pedagogy D. Prejudice reduction

Q: What is the curriculum used for teaching literacy skills to students with visual impairments whose first language is not English? A. Modified language instruction B. Adapted ESL C. Bilingual language instruction D. There is none

Q: Transition programs are effective when students with intellectual disabilities achieve each of the following EXCEPT: A. Are integrated into and participate in their community B. Learn work-related skills C. Live where they prefer D. Engage in a full array of leisure activities

Q: Which of the following involves teachers using examples and content from a variety of cultures and groups to illustrate key concepts, principles, generalizations, and theories in their subject area? A. Content integration B. Knowledge construction process C. Equity pedagogy D. Prejudice reduction

Q: Adapted materials for students with visual impairments may include braille and large-print maps, measuring devices, graph paper, writing paper, calendars, and: A. Computers B. Flash cards C. Children's stories D. Rubrics

Q: Which of the following involves three phases with a typical problem-solving process to promote middle school students' progress in achieving the goals of the general curriculum? A. The self-determined learning model B. Community-based instruction C. Prelinguistic milieu teaching D. Universal design for learning

Q: Content integration, knowledge of the construction process, an equity pedagogy, prejudice reduction, and empowering school culture and social structure are elements of: A. Increasing knowledge and experiences of other cultures B. Culturally responsive instruction C. Enhancing self-awareness D. Cultural reciprocity

Q: Each is recommended for math teachers to make their instruction more accessible EXCEPT: A. Speak about math consistently and clearly B. Verbalize whatever you write C. Avoid using manipulatives for activities D. Give advance copies of transparencies and notes

Q: Which of the following teaches children with intellectual disabilities who do not speak to make frequent, clear requests or comments with gestures or sounds while looking at the person with whom they are communicating? A. The self-determined learning model B. Community-based instruction C. Prelinguistic milieu teaching D. Universal design for learning

Q: Describe the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for Asperger syndrome.

Q: Learning about the family's strength, needs and preferences; inviting the family to describe their cultural values; identifying disagreements or alternative perspectives; and showing respect for differences are steps to which of the following? A. Increasing knowledge and experiences of other cultures B. Culturally responsive instruction C. Enhancing self-awareness D. Cultural reciprocity

Q: You've been asked to develop a high-quality, inclusive preschool. Describe characteristics of the school that you would be sure to include.

Q: Some students may need specialized instruction related to writing braille with a: A. Slate and stylus B. Tactile tool C. Braille recorder D. Pen and paper

Q: An e-reader that is more cognitively accessible than those typically available is: A. Kindle B. Nook C. Rocket Reader D. Apple iPad

Q: In the 1970s, the process/product debate pitted direct instruction approaches against __________. A) learning strategies B) cognitive therapy C) perceptual training approaches D) behavioral counseling

Q: Using cultural reciprocity, capitalizing upon instructional consultation teams, and implementing response to intervention are strategies for: A. Increasing self-awareness B. Implementing culturally responsive instruction C. Increasing knowledge and experiences of other cultures D. Advocating for systems change

Q: Mr. and Mrs. Ziyi have a two-year-old daughter with ASD who is receiving early intervention services through Part C of IDEA. Once their daughter turns three, what are the options for her educational services?

Q: Discuss the effects on the child when mothers drink, smoke, or use drugs during pregnancy.

Q: When designing IEPs for students with visual impairments, some important decisions to consider are provision of instruction to support student success, location of services, and: A. The school's budget B. Nonacademic priorities C. Staffing needs D. Braille services

Q: In 1961, Sam Kirk developed what test to identify those with learning disabilities? A) Discrepancy Formula B) Iowa Test of Reading Skills C) Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities D) IQ Test

Q: Appropriate roles for paraprofessionals include each of the following EXCEPT: A. Providing individualized instruction to groups of students B. Facilitating friendships among students with and without disabilities C. Providing primary instruction to students with disabilities D. Assisting students with personal care

Q: Transitions for students with ASD occur at which two times?

Q: Examining our own cultural values, bias, stereotypes, and prejudices is: A. Increasing knowledge and experiences of other cultures B. Cultural reciprocity C. Enhancing self-awareness D. Culturally responsive instruction

Q: Briefly describe the three groups by which causes of intellectual disabilities are organized, and give an example of each.

Q: Each of the following is a valuable method for determining the level of functioning of students with visual impairments in the expanded core curriculum EXCEPT: A. Observation in natural environments B. Authentic assessments C. Standardized assessments D. Performance assessments

Q: What test is currently being developed to measure adaptive behavior that is normed on the general population rather than people with impairments in adaptive skills? A. Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS) B. Adaptive Behavior Scale-School (ABS-S) C. Diagnostic Criteria for Behavior (DCB) D. Normed Behavior Scale (NBS)

Q: Each of the following is an example of a majority value EXCEPT: A. Independence B. Competition C. Contentment D. Achievement

Q: Who developed the theory of dyslexia and remedial reading techniques for children with severe reading problems? A) Samuel Orton B) Alfred Strauss C) Kurt Goldstein D) Heinz Werner

Q: The expanded core curriculum includes all of the following areas EXCEPT which of the following? A. Compensatory skills and communication modes B. Reading, writing, and math skills C. Recreation and leisure skills D. Orientation and mobility skills

Q: Why should psychotropic medications be used sparingly with children younger than 5 years old?

Q: Chelsea, a student with a mild hearing loss, often has difficulty following the teacher's directions in class, particularly when the teacher is doing work at the whiteboard. Which of the following suggestions would be a most appropriate first step for the teacher to try to improve Chelsea's behavior? A. Repeat all directions directly into Chelsea's ear. B. Do not give directions when facing the board. C. Provide an interpreter for Chelsea. D. Have another student write down all assignments for Chelsea.

Q: How much more likely than students from families with incomes in the top 20% are students from families with incomes in the bottom 20% to have intellectual disabilities? A. 10 times more likely B. 4 times more likely C. Twice as likely D. 8 times more likely

Q: Each statement about children living in poverty is true EXCEPT: A. 69% of children living in poverty live with a single parent. B. Most children living in poverty have some health insurance. C. 21% of children do not have enough food. D. Students with disabilities live in poverty at about the same percentage of those without disabilities.

Q: Explain the purpose of a 504 plan.

Q: Explain the differences between natural, nonpaid, generic, and specialized supports for people with mental retardation.

Q: How does universal design for learning facilitate progress for all students?

Q: The term learning disabilities was coined by A) Kurt Goldstein. B) Alfred Strauss. C) Sam Kirk. D) Heinz Werner.

Q: Give a brief definition of PECS.

Q: Which of the following includes a functional vision assessment, student's approaches to new situations, the nature and stability of the eye condition, visual stamina, and motivation? A. Environmental observations B. Teachers and parents C. Learning media assessment D. Functional vision assessment

Q: Marcus is a student who is hearing impaired. His speech is difficult to understand but he knows sign language. Other students are uncomfortable communicating with him, which limits Marcus's participation in group activities and social situations. How can you encourage peer interaction for Marcus? A. Arrange instruction for peers to learn some sign language. B. Tell the peers that Marcus has a problem but they must communicate with him. C. Arrange for speech therapy for Marcus. D. Force Marcus to practice speech during group activities and social situations.

Q: Casey lacks motivation to complete her work and participate in class. What motivational strategy might help Casey? A. Send frequent notes to Casey's parents so they can talk to her. B. Use goal attainment scaling as a way for Casey to see her progress. C. Give Casey good grades to motivate her to work in class. D. Develop a behavior plan for Casey with consequences for not completing work.

Q: List four of the support areas and give an example of how a person with mental retardation might utilize each one.