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Special Education
Q:
People with Prader-Willi syndrome inherited it from their father.
Q:
The most common know hereditary cause of intellectual disabilities is Fragile X syndrome.
Q:
Down syndrome is usually an inherited condition.
Q:
If a person achieves a low score on an IQ test, this means that his or her adaptive skills are below average.
Q:
In most cases, it's easy to identify the cause of intellectual disability.
Q:
Employment based on assessment of an individual's skills and interests is
a) supported employment.
b) competitive employment.
c) sheltered employment.
d) customized employment.
Q:
In supported competitive employment, a worker with intellectual disabilities has a competitive employment position and receives
a) incentive money.
b) ongoing assistance from a job coach.
c) sub-minimum wage.
d) pay from a social agency rather than from the employer.
Q:
All of the following are true of sheltered workshops EXCEPT
a) There is little, if any, integration with workers who are not disabled.
b) They usually offer repetitive work and limited job-training experiences.
c) They are run by business people to make a profit.
d) Clients are often paid very low wages.
Q:
Self-determination is most likely to be fostered under which of the following conditions?
a) supported living
b) community residential facilities
c) group homes
d) residential institutions
Q:
Researchers have found that such things as the ability to manage money, prepare meals, maintain a clean house, and keep one's clothing and self well groomed are key factors for
a) functional academics.
b) elementary programming.
c) reaching a state of mindfulness and self-awareness.
d) community adjustment.
Q:
In person-centered planning, professionals are seen as
a) working as mobilizers of resources and supports to help individuals with intellectual disabilities meet their goals.
b) largely irrelevant in planning with individuals with intellectual disabilities.
c) advising individuals with intellectual disabilities.
d) planning everything for individuals with intellectual disabilities.
Q:
A motivational term referring to a condition wherein a person believes that no matter how hard he or she tries, failure will result is
a) outside locus of control.
b) self-defeatism.
c) learned helplessness.
d) self-determination.
Q:
The ability to make personal choices, regulate one's own life, and be a self-advocate is called
a) self-determination.
b) self-reliance.
c) self-consciousness.
d) self-promotion.
Q:
Most professionals agree that programming for transition to adulthood for students with intellectual disabilities should begin
a) at birth.
b) during the elementary years.
c) when students express interest in a vocation.
d) when the student enters high school.
Q:
Effective programs for transitioning students with intellectual disabilities to adulthood
a) use direct instruction in reading but not math.
b) focus on community adjustment and employment.
c) always involve behavior modification.
d) focus on mastering the general education curriculum.
Q:
Early Childhood programs designed to enhance the development of children already identified with intellectual disabilities place a great deal of emphasis on
a) transitions.
b) physical therapy.
c) feeding techniques.
d) language and conceptual development.
Q:
The purpose of early intervention programs for children at risk for mild intellectual disabilities is
a) improving parents'teaching skills.
b) preventing intellectual disabilities or furthering development of children who have intellectual disabilities.
c) improving family financial status through job training for parents.
d) improving the quality of the children's medical care.
Q:
Each of the following is true regarding assessment of quality of life EXCEPT
a) It presents challenges because it depends on individual perceptions.
b) It should consider society's view of quality of life as well as an individual's level of satisfaction.
c) There are no assessments to use with Spanish-speaking populations.
d) Quality of life is difficult to measure.
Q:
Research on classwide peer tutoring (CWPT) to help meet the instructional needs of students with mild mental retardation in inclusive settings shows that, compared to teacher-led instruction, CWPT resulted in each of the following EXCEPT
a) increased academic performance for all students.
b) increased amount of engaged academic time.
c) increased academic performance for the students with mild ID only.
d) positive acceptance from the teachers and students.
Q:
Which statement is TRUE?
a) Instruction of daily living skills is more effective in a controlled classroom setting.
b) It is easier to hold instruction in classrooms than in real-life settings.
c) Instruction in daily living skills should not include instruction in classroom settings.
d) There is no benefit to using real products and money when teaching daily living skills.
Q:
Systemic instruction involves the teacher working with the student in the following ways EXCEPT:
a) Selecting a well-defined target behavior.
b) Monitoring student performance and using that information to make changes to instruction needed.
c) Teaching advanced behaviors before teaching foundational skills.
d) Implementing instruction consistently with respect to such things as sequencing and prompting/cueing.
Q:
Research has consistently shown that students who are positively reinforced for correct responses
a) learn at the same rate as when they are not reinforced.
b) are susceptible to a "rebound effect," whereby punishment is ineffective.
c) learn at a faster rate than when they are not reinforced.
d) are highly likely to become dependent on reinforcement.
Q:
Pointing to an item while telling a student to pick it up is an example of
a) verbal prompt.
b) gestural prompt.
c) modeling.
d) poor instruction.
Q:
Using instructional prompts, consequences for performance, and strategies for transfer of stimulus control is called
a) community-based instruction.
b) functional instruction.
c) functional academics.
d) systematic instruction.
Q:
In functional academics, academics are taught in the context of
a) daily living skills.
b) test-taking, such as the SATs.
c) the general education curriculum.
d) the common core state standards.
Q:
A specific and characteristic behavior repertoire associated with a genetic or chromosomal disorder is a
a) genetic syndrome.
b) personality characteristic.
c) behavioral phenotype.
d) behavioral genotype.
Q:
Joe tends to believe whatever he is told, even highly questionable statements or claims, despite any evidence. This tendency is
a) self-deception.
b) gullibility.
c) unreasonable trust.
d) learned helplessness.
Q:
People with intellectual disabilities are likely to believe they have little control over what happens to them and that they are primarily controlled by other people and events. This belief is
a) a lack of self-regulation.
b) due to their histories of failure.
c) due to locus of control.
d) a problem with gullibility.
Q:
A person's awareness of what strategies are needed to perform a task, the ability to plan how to use the strategies, and the evaluation of how well the strategies are working is
a) metacognition.
b) self-regulation.
c) working memory.
d) perception.
Q:
The ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another task is
a) working memory.
b) passive memory.
c) long-term memory.
d) active memory.
Q:
How is adaptive behavior typically assessed?
a) A psychologist observes the student in the classroom.
b) The student is asked to perform a series of tasks.
c) A parent, teacher, or professional answers questions related to the student's behavior.
d) A close friend, chosen by the student, fills out a behavior rating form.
Q:
Define self-awareness and list 4 strategies to promote it.
Q:
Which one of the following statements about intelligence tests is TRUE?
a) An individual's IQ score does not change from one testing to another.
b) All IQ tests are culturally biased to a certain extent.
c) The older the child, the less validity and reliability the test has.
d) IQ tests are ideal for assessing a person's ability to function in society.
Q:
Describe the four types of articulation disorders and give an example of each.
Q:
Joe, a 15-year-old boy, performs about as well on an intelligence test as an average six-year-old. His IQ is about
a) 25.
b) 40
c) 60.
d) 90.
Q:
Define epilepsy and briefly describe the types of epilepsy.
Q:
Describe the social interaction theory and how it evolved.
Q:
An infection of the covering of the brain that may be caused by a variety of bacterial and viral agents is
a) syphilis.
b) flu.
c) meningitis.
d) spina bifida.
Q:
Each of the following are possible PERINATAL causes of intellectual disabilities EXCEPT
a) rubella.
b) syphilis.
c) anoxia.
d) low birth weight.
Q:
Define spina bifida and briefly describe the types of spina bifida.
Q:
Define graphic organizers and give two examples.
Q:
Fetal alcohol syndrome is classified as resulting from a/an
a) environmental hazard.
b) infection.
c) genetic factor.
d) chromosomal abnormality.
Q:
A surgically placed shunt that drains excess fluid away from the brain is used to treat
a) microcephalus.
b) encephalitis.
c) meningitis.
d) hydrocephalus.
Q:
Define cerebral palsy and briefly describe the types of CP.
Q:
How are assistive technology (AT) and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems related?
Q:
All states routinely screen for this before babies leave the hospital:
a) Fragile X syndrome.
b) phenylketonuria.
c) Down syndrome.
d) hydrocephalus.
Q:
Jose has intellectual disabilities. As an infant, he was lethargic and had difficulty eating; however, at about one year of age he became obsessed with food. This is characteristic of
a) Down syndrome.
b) Williams syndrome.
c) Fragile X syndrome
d) Prader-Willi syndrome.
Q:
What is the topographical classification system for physical disabilities?
Q:
The most common known hereditary cause of intellectual disabilities is
a) Fragile X syndrome.
b) Down syndrome.
c) Williams syndrome.
d) Prader-Willi syndrome.
Q:
List the three types of speech disorders (with brief, parenthetical descriptions of each).
Q:
Jaquan is a student with asthma. He appears to be overwhelmed by class activities when he is feeling fatigued. How can you help Jaquan in your classroom?
A. Tell him that he may be tired but he has to complete his work.
B. Excuse him from the classroom work when he is tired.
C. Tell his parents to keep him at home when he is fatigued.
D. Specify appropriate length of work and rest periods for him in a plan.
Q:
List the five components of the English language system (with brief, parenthetical descriptions of each).
Q:
Fragile X syndrome occurs more often in
a) females.
b) twins.
c) first-born offspring.
d) males.
Q:
People who have Williams syndrome
a) do not pass it on to their children.
b) pass it on to their male children only.
c) pass it on to their female children only.
d) can pass it on to each of their children, regardless of gender.
Q:
Each of the following diagnostic techniques involves the fetus EXCEPT
a) amniocentesis.
b) chorionic villus sampling.
c) phenylketonuria (PKU) screening.
d) Nuchal translucency sonogram.
Q:
Janice is a student with spina bifida who uses a wheelchair. She is being added to your classroom as a new student. What is one of the most important considerations before Janice comes to your classroom?
A. How her classmates will accept her?
B. How you will grade Janice?
C. Is the classroom accessible to Janice and her wheelchair?
D. What is Janice's academic level?
Q:
Compare and contrast accents and dialects.
Q:
Mark is a student with spastic cerebral palsy. He is above grade level academically, but due to his physical problems he becomes very anxious when he is not able to complete assignments at the same speed as his classmates. How can you help Mark decrease his anxiety and complete assignments in a more timely manner?
A. Develop a plan that incorporates the use of technology.
B. Lessen the amount of work Mark has to complete.
C. Have him dictate his responses to you so you can write for him.
D. Exempt Mark from assignments that are too rigorous for him.
Q:
Alzheimer's disease has been linked to which cause of intellectual disabilities?
a) neurofibromatosis
b) Down syndrome
c) phenylketonuria (PKU)
d) hydrocephalus
Q:
Second-grade teacher Mrs. Grimes teaches in a diverse classroom with students from various cultures, socioeconomic levels, and linguistic levels. She is a keen observer of language in her classroom. Which of the following students in Mrs. Grime's classroom shows an example of someone having difficulty with pragmatics?
A. Jose mispronounces his "s" so that it sounds like "th."
B. Jill requests a crayon by saying, "Give it to me now!"
C. John says, "I know answer!"
D. Joan says "doggy" when she sees any animal with four legs.
Q:
Claudia is a third grader with intellectual disabilities. She has thick epicanthal folds in the corner of her eyes, small stature, decreased muscle tone, speckling of the iris of the eye, a small oral cavity, and short, broad hands with a single palmar crease. These characteristics are typical of
a) cultural-familial intellectual disabilities.
b) Down syndrome.
c) fetal alcohol syndrome.
d) Fragile X syndrome.
Q:
Which of the following accommodations may be specific to students with physical disabilities?
A. Additional time to take the test
B. Frequent breaks during the test
C. Physical access to the testing site
D. Oral testing rather than written testing
Q:
A common way to categorize causes of intellectual disabilities is to consider the
a) part of the brain affected.
b) location at which the cause occurs.
c) severity of the condition.
d) time at which the cause occurs.
Q:
In recent years, the percentage of cases in which the cause of intellectual disabilities is known has dramatically increased due to
a) better assessment practices by teachers.
b) the mapping of the human genetic code.
c) better assessment practices by family physicians.
d) advances in microscopic technology.
Q:
Tommy has difficulty with syntactically complete sentences when speaking or writing. He avoids writing tasks and is sometimes teased about his speech. What can you do to help Tommy with his syntax during classroom activities?
A. Provide visual and verbal models of complete sentences.
B. Make Tommy stop and think before he speaks or writes.
C. Tell the other students that Tommy has a problem and not to tease him.
D. Excuse Tommy from writing activities and limit speaking situations.
Q:
Current estimates place the prevalence of students identified with intellectual disabilities at approximately
a) under 1%.
b) 5%.
c) 2.5%.
d) 3.5%.
Q:
The most common educational placement for students with physical disabilities is:
A. Separate setting
B. Regular class
C. Resource room
D. Home school
Q:
According to the hypothetical"normal curve,"approximately what percentage of the population is expected to have IQ scores between 0-70?
a) 1%
b) 1.27%
c) 2.27%
d) 5.27%
Q:
Shaneeka spends time alone during unstructured classroom activities and does not seek out or join in peer interactions. You have demonstrated interactions for Shaneeka and discussed the value of her contributions with her. How can you have Shaneeka's peers help her with her communication skills?
A. Have all students take turns talking with Shaneeka.
B. Provide a peer buddy who can model and encourage interactions with other children.
C. Have Shaneeka go to speech therapy with another student.
D. Assign Shaneeka specific questions to ask during group activities.
Q:
The classification system that most school systems use to describe levels of intellectual disabilities is based on
a) reading and math achievement levels.
b) IQ score.
c) the intensity of support needed.
d) adaptive level.
Q:
Which of the following refers to one's understanding of oneself as a unique individual?
A. Self-esteem
B. Self-understanding
C. Self-knowledge
D. Self-awareness
Q:
Strategies and resources that a person requires to participate in activities associated with normative human functioning are
a) scaffolds.
b) normative skills.
c) adaptive skills.
d) supports.
Q:
Each of the following is an appropriate assessment accommodation for students with language disorders EXCEPT:
A. Provide the students with additional time to take the test
B. Change multiple choice items to essay items
C. Provide visual supports
D. Allow the students to use a word processor
Q:
Physical education in which activities have been altered to enable students with disabilities to participate and benefit is:
A. Modified PE
B. Adapted PE
C. Altered PE
D. Accessible PE
Q:
What percent of students with speech or language disorders spend 80-100% of their time in general education settings?
A. Over 85%
B. Less than 25%
C. About 50%
D. Only 32%
Q:
Many authorities say that adaptive behavior consists of
a) social intelligence and practical intelligence.
b) behaviors that defy definition.
c) IQ and behavior.
d) skills that result in the individual's achieving a high quality of life.
Q:
The current emphasis on adaptive behavior in defining intellectual disabilities is due to the
a) influence of the learning disabilities movement.
b) realization that students can be"streetwise"despite having low IQ test scores.
c) rise of the disability rights movement.
d) joint efforts of parents of children with intellectual disabilities.
Q:
Which one of the following statements about intellectual disabilities (ID) is true?
a) Designating someone as having"intellectual disabilities"has become easier.
b) Professionals are in agreement that the label"mental retardation"(MR) is harmful.
c) The prevailing opinions is that, for some children, intellectual disabilities are not a permanent condition.
d) How well a person functions has not been shown to be related to supports available in the environment.
Q:
A term that refers to data used to create e-texts is:
A. Digital source file
B. Media player
C. Audio converter
D. Augmentative device
Q:
Augmented input that focuses on communication boards or books is called:
A. Facilitative language strategies
B. Aided language stimulation
C. Total communication
D. Augmented communication