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Special Education
Q:
The process of finding out why or under what circumstances problem behavior is exhibited is called
a) positive behavioral support.
b) functional behavioral assessment.
c) functional support.
d) positive behavior management.
Q:
Which term is used to describe an infant or child who has a high probability of exhibiting delays in development or developing a disability?
A) Developmentally delayed
B) At risk
C) Underdeveloped
D) Exceptional
Q:
In 2004, IDEA mandated what provision for transitioning students with disabilities?
A) Community-based education services
B) Development of an individualized transition plan by age 16
C) Requirements for school-based vocational programs
D) Special transition-related instructional programs
Q:
What percentage of adults with disabilities is employed?
A) 59%
B) 57%
C) 21%
D) 10%
Q:
Shaunta's mother told her to pick up her stuffed bear and put it away. Shaunta threw herself to the ground and began kicking and screaming. Shaunta's mom put the bear away herself, telling Shaunta,"O.K, O.K., calm down."Shaunta quickly ended her tantrum and returned to playing. Which statement is true?
a) The mother's behavior makes future tantrums less likely.
b) The mother's behavior reinforced the tantrum behavior.
c) The mother imposed an unreasonable demand on her child.
d) People with multiple severe disabilities should not be expected to do chores.
Q:
Tantrums
a) are a form of self-torture.
b) inhibit socialization.
c) are best dealt with by not giving in and holding firm to expectations.
d) are the result of having poor self-concepts.
Q:
Each of the following statements about self-stimulation is true EXCEPT
a) The type of self-stimulation among those with disabilities is what differentiates it from the norm.
b) It may take a wide variety of forms.
c) Nearly everyone engages in some form of self-stimulation.
d) Only the high rate, lack of subtlety, and social inappropriateness of disabling self-stimulation differentiates it from the norm.
Q:
A major premise of the universal design is to
A) Remove administrative barriers for students with disabilities
B) Make all instruction accessible by students with disabilities
C) Make only physical environments accessible by students with disabilities
D) Make learning environments accessible for all students
Q:
An approach in which related service professionals teach their skills to each other is referred to as a(n)
A) Multidisciplinary approach
B) Interdisciplinary approach
C) Collaborative approach
D) Transdisciplinary approach
Q:
Which was a shortcoming of the institutions of the mid-19th century?
A) They provided protection for people with disabilities.
B) They were funded by philanthropists.
C) They provided little or no education.
D) They provided housing for individuals with disabilities.
Q:
Any repetitive, stereotyped behavior that seems to have no immediately apparent purpose is
a) self-mutilation.
b) self-stimulation.
c) tantrums.
d) self-injury.
Q:
Each of the following is a challenge particular to users of augmentative or alternative communication (AAC) not faced by natural communicators EXCEPT
a) There are no systems that allow for expression of complex, abstract thoughts.
b) AAC is much slower.
c) Users of AAC who are not literate must rely on a vocabulary and symbols selected by others.
d) AAC must be constructed to be useful in a variety of social contexts, allow efficient communication without undue fatigue, and support learning of language and academic skills.
Q:
Augmentative/alternative communication
a) relies on technological advances to maintain their effectiveness.
b) has been made obsolescent by nanotechnology.
c) is most effective when the person has speech articulation problems.
d) includes manual as well as electronic means of communication.
Q:
Who was one of the first individuals to use behavior modification to treat people with disabilities?
A) Jean Marc Gaspard Itard
B) Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
C) Philippe Pinel
D) Louis Braille
Q:
Which category of disability has the highest incidence?
A) Intellectual disabilities
B) Behavioral disorders
C) Specific learning disabilities
D) Visual impairments
Q:
Which term refers to the number of new instances of a disability occurring within a specific period?
A) Prevalence
B) Incidence
C) Frequency
D) Population
Q:
Major problems to be solved in helping individuals communicate in ways other than signing include
a) determining whether the individuals are visual or auditory learners.
b) finding appropriate reinforcers.
c) selecting a vocabulary and giving them an effective, efficient means of indicating elements in their vocabularies.
d) speech synthesizers.
Q:
Any manual or electronic means by which a person who is unable to communicate through normal speech can express wants and needs, share information, engage in social closeness, or manage social etiquette is
a) facilitated communication.
b) augmentative or alternative communication.
c) manual communication.
d) applied functional communication.
Q:
Which term refers to an inability or incapacity to perform a task or activity in a normal fashion?
A) Impairment
B) Handicap
C) Disability
D) Exceptionality
Q:
Which would be considered an example of person-first language?
A) Intellectually disabled
B) Child with autism
C) The blind girl
D) The Downs kid
Q:
Most authorities agree that a student with Usher syndrome should
a) begin using braille and O & M training as soon as all sight is gone.
b) begin using braille while sighted, but wait for O & M training until all sight is gone.
c) begin braille and O & M training while functioning as a seeing person.
d) begin O & M training while sighted, but wait until sight is gone to begin braille.
Q:
An adaptation that may be used by a person who is deaf-blind to communicate with the public is
a) assistance cards.
b) braille notepads.
c) the long cane.
d) audio-recorded messages.
Q:
Tactual signals that can convey a number of messages depending on the situation and context are
a) hand-under-hand guidance.
b) touch cues.
c) adapted signs.
d) tactual signs.
Q:
Each of the following is an objective to help meet the needs of infants who are deaf-blind EXCEPT
a) identify predictable sequences within specific activities.
b) identify and use specific auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, and kinesthetic cues to help the infant anticipate familiar activities.
c) avoid using subroutines within specific activities as this leads to confusion.
d) create a predictable routine by identifying at least five daily activities that can be scheduled in the same sequence each day.
Q:
In addressing the needs of students with deaf-blindness, two principles that practitioners and parents should keep in mind are
a) incidental learning and structured routines.
b) direct instruction and structured routines.
c) direct instruction and variable routines.
d) indirect instruction and structured routines.
Q:
The first person who was deaf-blind who was known to be taught language was
a) Helen Keller.
b) Samuel Howe.
c) Laura Bridgman.
d) Annie Sullivan.
Q:
Most authorities agree that the biggest obstacle faced by persons with deaf-blindness is
a) self-help skills.
b) accessing information.
c) navigating the environment.
d) communication.
Q:
Each of the following has been shown to sometimes cause deaf-blindness EXCEPT
a) rubella.
b) congenital cytomegalovirus.
c) meningitis.
d) allergic reaction to kombucha.
Q:
Which condition is associated with tunnel vision?
a) Down syndrome
b) Usher syndrome
c) CHARGE syndrome
d) Asperger syndrome
Q:
The fact that Usher syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder means that
a) both parents must carry the gene and there is a 50% chance of the child having the syndrome.
b) one parent can carry the gene and there is a 25% chance of the child having the syndrome.
c) both parents must carry the gene and there is a 25% chance of the child having the syndrome
d) one parent can carry the gene and there is a 50% chance of the child having the syndrome.
Q:
A syndrome that causes deaf-blindness and is characterized by a number of physical defects, such as an abnormally shaped pupil, and results in difficulties in swallowing and breathing is
a) Usher syndrome.
b) Down syndrome.
c) Asperger syndrome.
d) CHARGE syndrome.
Q:
An inherited syndrome of deaf-blindness characterized by hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa is
a) Usher syndrome.
b) Asperger syndrome.
c) Down syndrome.
d) CHARGE syndrome.
Q:
Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the British Petroleum oil spill in 2006 are associated with which condition?
a) CHARGE syndrome
b) Usher syndrome
c) German measles
d) Down syndrome
Q:
The Acadian French of south Louisiana are known for
a) having a high incidence of Usher syndrome.
b) being the first cultural group to establish special schools for children with deaf-blindness.
c) ostracizing families with children who are deaf-blind.
d) believing that high levels of consumption of beignet doughnuts by pregnant women can cause deaf-blindness in their babies.
Q:
All of the following are prenatal conditions that can result in deaf-blindness EXCEPT
a) German measles
b) rubella
c) coloboma
d) congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Q:
All of the following syndromes are associated with deaf-blindness EXCEPT
a) Down syndrome.
b) CHARGE syndrome.
c) Usher syndrome.
d) Bright Eye syndrome.
Q:
In general, outcomes for individuals with deaf-blindness depend on all of the following EXCEPT
a) The quality and intensity the person receives are critical.
b) The vast majority of students who are deaf-blind have other disabilities and medical conditions.
c) The more mild the visual and auditory impairments, the greater the impact on a person's ability to adapt.
d) The degree and type of visual impairment and auditory impairment can vary dramatically in individuals with deaf-blindness.
Q:
Each of the following is a feature of the federal government's definition of deaf-blindness EXCEPT
a) visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye, with correction.
b) hearing impairment so severe that most speech cannot be heard, even with amplification.
c) problems with vision and hearing that cause extreme difficulty in attaining independence.
d) hearing impairment of 30 dB or greater in the better ear.
Q:
Each of the following statements about the outcomes for individuals with deaf-blindness is true EXCEPT
a) All interactions with adults and the environment should be viewed as learning opportunities.
b) The quality and intensity of instruction the person receives is critical
c) The more severe the impairments, the greater the impact on a person's ability to adapt.
d) Additional disabilities do not tend to increase the impact on a person's ability to adapt.
Q:
Effective education and treatment for students with TBI often requires each of the following EXCEPT
a) Avoid trying to develop a personal relationship.
B) Practice classroom behavior management techniques.
C) Engage in family therapy.
D) Arrange communication training.
Q:
Concussions in organized sports
a) have decreased among females while increasing among males.
b) has increased in prevalence because of a greater awareness of their consequences as well as an increase in actual injuries.
c) have decreased among females while increasing among males.
d) have decreased among males while increasing among females.
Q:
The greatest complicating factor in most students'return to school following TBI is
a) social skills.
b) physical appearance.
c) physical strength.
d) language or speech disorders.
Q:
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
a) is a degenerative brain disease caused by repetitive trauma to the brain.
b) was over-diagnosed before the advent of sophisticated neuroimaging techniques.
c) manifests itself in adulthood but is the result of an undiagnosed concussion in early childhood.
d) is largely a media-created condition.
Q:
Each of the following characteristics is an essential feature of appropriate education for students with TBI EXCEPT
a) emphasis on catching up to academic content, rather than spending time trying to develop basic cognitive skills.
b) assistance with transition from a hospital or rehabilitation center to the school.
c) educational procedures to help solve problems in focusing and sustaining attention for long periods.
d) an IEP concerned with cognitive, social/behavioral, and sensory-motor domains.
Q:
After age 5, and increasingly through adolescence, the primary cause of TBI is
a) assaults.
b) accidental falls.
c) vehicular accidents.
d) gunshot wounds.
Q:
Carl was three years old when he acquired TBI. Which of the following was the most likely cause of his brain injury?
a) He was accidentally shot by a playmate when showing off his father's gun.
b) He was violently shaken by a babysitter.
c) He was in a car that was hit by another car.
d) He had an accidental fall.
Q:
The prevalence of TBI has increased so much in recent years that
a) it is now sometimes referred to as a silent epidemic.
b) it is now considered a high incidence disability.
c) it has passed intellectual disabilities in prevalence.
d) the Center for Disease Control is lobbying Congress to make it mandatory that those under the age of 21 wear helmets while driving automobiles.
Q:
Which statement about TBI is TRUE?
a) The age range in which TBI is most likely to occur in males is late adulthood.
b) Males are more prone to TBI than females are.
c) The age range in which TBI is most likely to occur in females is early childhood.
d) Females and males have about the same prevalence rate for TBI, with it most likely occurring in late adolescence.
Q:
Possible effects of TBI include each of the following EXCEPT
a) problems learning new information.
b) difficulty processing information.
c) sudden improvement in memory.
d) becoming easily tired.
Q:
Brain damage caused by internal compression, stretching, or other shearing motion of neural tissues within the head is due to
a) open head injuries.
b) external force.
c) closed head injuries.
d) degenerative conditions.
Q:
Each of the following is a feature of definitions of TBI EXCEPT
a) injury to the brain can be caused by a degenerative or congenital condition.
b) injury to the brain is caused by an external force.
c) there is a diminished or altered state of consciousness.
d) neurological or neurobehavioral dysfunction results from the injury.
Q:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common injuries of
a) children over 5 because of falls.
b) males over 30 because of vehicular accidents.
c) the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
d) adults over 20 because of risk-taking.
Q:
All low-incidence, severe, and multiple disabilities combined probably affect what percentage of the population?
a) about 2%
b) less than 1%
c) about 3%
d) about 4%
Q:
IDEA recognized the category of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the year
a) 1995
b) 1993
c) 1999
d) 1990
Q:
Each of the following statements about severe and multiple disabilities is true EXCEPT
a) A person with TBI can be expected, with time and care, to recover completely and function without disabilities.
b) Many people with severe and multiple disabilities can now live independently or semi-independently.
c) People who cannot speak can still carry on conversations.
d) Many people with severe and multiple disabilities can be employed outside of sheltered workshops.
Q:
Describe two ways that special and general education teachers can collaborate to serve students with visual impairments.
Q:
Describe two reasons why many adolescents and young adults with visual impairments might have problems becoming independent.
Q:
Which skills should be the focus of assessment for students with visual impairments, and how should those skills be assessed?
Q:
Provide brief descriptions for at least three examples of technological aids for communication, information access, and orientation and mobility. Then summarize cautions when considering use of technology.
Q:
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the following mobility aids: the long cane, human guides, and guide dogs?
Q:
Describe stereotypic behaviors and explain why some professionals think a goal should be elimination of such behaviors while others think they should not be interfered with.
Q:
Explain why there is a common misconception that people who are blind develop an"extra sense."
Q:
Compare the language development of children who are blind or have low vision to that of children with sight and describe a problem associated with measuring intelligence in students who are blind.
Q:
Describe two behavioral, two appearance, and two physical signs that might indicate a student has a vision problem.
Q:
Write a case description of a student who is defined as legally blind but has low vision from an educational perspective.
Q:
Adults who are blind are employed at about half the rate of those who are sighted.
Q:
Most students who are blind receive the necessary training in daily living skills to live independently.
Q:
Itinerant teacher services to a general education classroom is the most popular placement for students with visual impairments.
Q:
Authorities recommend the use of guide dogs as the most efficient mobility aid for most persons who are blind.
Q:
Children spontaneously compensate for poor vision by developing superior listening skills.
Q:
Most people with visual impairment use braille as their primary method of reading.
Q:
People who are blind have an extra sense that enables them to detect obstacles.
Q:
Most authorities believe that lack of vision significantly alters the ability to understand and use language.
Q:
Blindness is primarily an adult disability.
Q:
The majority of people who are legally blind have some useful vision.
Q:
Each of the following is an accommodation that can be made on the job for those who are blind or who have low vision EXCEPT
a. better lighting.
b. prompt snow removal.
c. obstacle-free hallways.
d. more time off.
Q:
Impediments to independent living and feeling comfortable in society for people who are blind or who have low vision include all of the following EXCEPT
a. paternalistic attitudes.
b. The sighted often take for granted daily living skills because they seem so easy to do.
c. The sighted often view those who are blind as helpless.
d. cognitive deficits.
Q:
Professionals who work in early intervention programs for infants who are blind often recommend that initial efforts focus on
a. feeding skills.
b. mobility skills.
c. parents'feelings.
d. social development.
Q:
Historically, residential institutions were the preferred means of service delivery because they
a. offered a number of specialized services in one place.
b. provided more opportunities for social development.
c. maximized the academic achievement of students with visual impairment.
d. reduced the burden on families of caring for a child with blindness.
Q:
These devices can serve the same function as the Perkins Brailler or slate and stylus, but they offer additional speech-synthesizer and word-processing capabilities.
a. Descriptive Video Teleprompters
b. VersaBraille
c. Portable braille notetakers
d. Kurzweil Personal Readers