Q&A Hero

Q: Students who demonstrate learned helplessness benefit from ____. a. self-control training b. behavior contracts c. social skills training d. attribution retraining

Q: The prevalence of intellectual disabilities has increased over time as a result of the development of more effective methods for identification and diagnosis.

Q: The deinstitutionalization movement in the United States helped to move persons with intellectual disabilities into residential settings based in the community.

Q: Story grammar analyzes whether the characters in a story use proper English grammar or some alternate dialect.

Q: Inclusiveness is based solely upon the location of the student's education.

Q: Based on the 1992 AAIDD levels of support classification model, a person with chronic health care needs would be classified as an individual requiring a pervasive level of support.

Q: Students are taught to use language to guide their performance using ____. a. self-motivation b. self-reinforcement c. self-monitoring d. self-instruction

Q: The 1992 AAIDD classification of intellectual disability, based on levels of support, was a departure from previous classification models of intellectual impairment.

Q: The training that helps students with learning and behavior disabilities to redirect their actions in social situations by talking to themselves is ____. a. self-control training b. behavior contracts c. social skills training d. attribution retraining

Q: Once an individual's IQ score has been established, it will remain constant throughout his or her lifetime.

Q: When administering probes of basic academic skills, teachers should select a representative sample of the skills that are taught, not necessarily very skill.

Q: Adaptive behavior is usually measured by observing a student, interviewing persons involved with the student, and completing standardized scales.

Q: The complexities of inclusive practices often arise due to the confusion about the meaning of the term inclusion.

Q: Intelligence is an abstract concept that must be deduced and inferred.

Q: All of the following are important to include when teaching students to use schedule books except ____. a. showing students how to organize with divide tabs b. encouraging students to make entries in their neatest handwriting c. teaching students to record daily assignments d. teaching students to self-monitor their performance

Q: A comprehensive curriculum for learners with cognitive limitations should include all except A) Be responsive to the needs of individual students B) Provide maximum interaction with peers who are not disabled C) Be sensitive to diploma requirements and graduation goals D) Teach students in a self-contained environment

Q: Students who know how to act appropriate in social interactions but often act impulsively benefit from ____. a. self-control training b. behavior contracts c. social skills training d. attribution retraining

Q: Which of the following is not considered a possible postnatal cause of intellectual disability? A) Encephalitis B) Head trauma C) Reye syndrome D) Hydrocephalus

Q: Curriculum-based assessments are most appropriate for assessing problem solving skills in real-world contexts.

Q: The Renaissance in the 1300s brought about which of the following societal changes: A) Religion was a dominant social force B) There was more humane treatment of individuals with disabilities C) Monasteries and asylums were established to provide sanctuary for individuals with disabilities D) All of the above

Q: The ability of an individual to meet the standards of personal independence as well as social responsibility appropriate for his or her chronological age and culture group is referred to as A) Task analysis B) Self-advocacy C) Adaptive behavior D) Self-esteem

Q: A provision of ESEA is that assessments must be presented as aggregated scores so parents can be informed of children's achievement.

Q: Intellectual disability was defined as "subaverage general intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period and is associated with impairments in adaptive behavior" by which of the following AAIDD definitions? A) 1973 AAIDD definition B) 1961 AAIDD definition C) 1992 AAIDD definition D) 2002 AAIDD definition

Q: A common characteristic of students with disabilities is ____. a. lack of organization b. fighting c. talking out loud d. internal locus of control

Q: Social skills training for students with learning and behavioral disabilities ____. a. requires the teacher to organize cooperative grouping activities b. can often be accomplished through unstructured interactions c. should be conducted through one-on-one instruction d. must be continually monitored and re-taught if necessary

Q: _______________ is a strategy for teaching functional skills in the environment in which they would naturally occur rather than in simulated settings. A) Task analysis B) Community-based instruction C) Cooperative learning D) Scaffolding

Q: A functional or life skills curriculum: A) Generic model B) Task analysis C) Cooperative learning D) CLOC-RAM

Q: Individually administered diagnostic tests are usually given to students by a special education teacher or a school psychologist.

Q: Doe v. Withers extended special education law to children from birth to 5 years of age.

Q: All of the following except _________ are part of the process involved in conducting a task analysis. A) Define the target behavior or task B) Identify the prerequisite skills for the learning task C) Identify the needed materials to perform the task D) Provide opportunities for students to complete an itemized list of activities they would like to complete

Q: "LAMPS" is ____. a. designed to help students master subtraction b. a strategy for regrouping and carrying in addition c. designed to help students identify known math facts d. a strategy for solving division problems with integers

Q: Common behaviors of persons with intellectual disabilities include A) High functioning in mathematics B) Attention deficits C) Memory problems D) B and C

Q: ___________ is one etiological factor occurring around the time of birth. A) Perinatal B) Prenatal C) Postnatal D) Birth natal

Q: Which of the following is not a strategy that will benefit students with significant conduct problems? a. establish a clear, consistent behavior management system b. engage students in extremely challenging academic tasks c. use the intensive, individualized approach of behavior contracts d. create a supportive environment in which students can experience success

Q: Group-administered standardized achievement tests are intended to be used solely as screening measures.

Q: Which of the following is not a recommended teaching and learning adaptation designed to improve learning outcomes for students with intellectual disability? A) Ensure attention to relevant task demands B) Teach ways to learn content while teaching content itself C) Provide training that crosses multiple learning and environmental contexts D) Provide multiple drills in skill development

Q: Although the court decision in Brown v. Board of Education referred primarily to racial segregation, it has been used to extend equal educational opportunities to students with disabilities.

Q: Persons with disabilities who speak out on issues of importance to them are practicing _______. A) Self-determination B) Self-advocacy C) Self-monitoring D) Self-realization

Q: Students who experience repeated academic failures may develop a style of learning known as ____________ in which they do not trust their own abilities and rely on others for help. A) Externalism B) Motivation C) Outer directedness D) Locus of direction

Q: Which strategy is used for revising essays? a. COPS b. LAMPS c. TAG d. SCAN

Q: Accommodations presented in the textbook addressing the social and emotional needs for students with learning and behavior problems do not include ____. a. social skills training b. vocational training c. self-control training d. attribution retraining

Q: Because it is not possible to administer standardized tests frequently, their utility as a tool for evaluating day-to-day instruction is limited

Q: Parents who have children with the metabolic disorder of _________ can greatly reduce developmental delays if they discover the condition early and place their children on a milk-free diet. A) PKU B) Galactosemia C) Cytomegalovirus D) Toxoplasmosis

Q: ____________ is a statistic that explains how far a particular score varies from the average. A) An IQ B) The mean C) Standard deviation D) Standard score

Q: The use of ____________ provides a tool that can greatly expand students with disabilities' access to the general education curriculum. A) Independent practice B) Normalization C) Technology D) Formal supports

Q: The term inclusion does not appear in federal laws governing special education.

Q: Which strategy is used to help students with peer editing? a. COPS b. POWER c. TAG d. W-W-W WHAT=2 How=2

Q: Students with learning and behavior problems ____. a. are more likely to make social adjustments just from being in a general education setting b. are not likely to make social adjustments just from being in a general education setting c. make huge gains in academic and social skills while in a general education setting d. make little to no academic gain, but significant social gains while in a general education setting

Q: The belief that consequences and outcomes of behaviors are the result of circumstances and events beyond personal control is an example of A) External locus of control B) Learned helplessness C) Outer directedness D) Acknowledging one's own limitations

Q: What is the most common type of Down syndrome? A) Anencephaly 12 B) Turner syndrome C) China syndrome D) Trisomy 21

Q: What percentage of children receiving a special education is classified intellectually disabled? A) 5% B) 9.2% C) 7.4% D) 20%

Q: Group-administered standardized achievement tests assess skills across many areas of the curriculum, many in great depth.

Q: By the end of the 1960s, special education authorities generally agreed that segregated special education classes were not the most appropriate educational settings for many students with disabilities.

Q: The father of special education is considered to be A) Jean Marc Gaspard Itard B) douard Sguin C) Howard Gardner D) King Henry II

Q: A graphic organizer designed to help students organize their writing is a ____. a. study guide b. pattern guide c. grammar guide d. sighted guide

Q: All of the following are types of natural support except A) Social Security B) Friends C) Family D) Teachers

Q: When using a behavioral contract, the consequences of student behavior are ____. a. always a reward b. always a punishment c. sometimes a reward and sometimes a punishment d. unimportant and not specified

Q: All of the following are examples of 2002 AAIDD Adaptive Skills Areas except A) Conceptual B) Practical C) Social D) Morality

Q: Which of the following is a valid concern for IQ testing? A) Predictability of school performance B) Stability of IQ C) Progressive thinking D) Moral preparedness

Q: Which of the following is not an IQ test cited in the text? A) Wechsler Intelligence Scale B) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale C) Kaufman Assessment Battery D) Maynard-Dexter Intelligence Scale

Q: In a norm-referenced test, the performance of one student is compared to the average performance of other students in the country who are the same age or grade level.

Q: At the turn of the 20th century, even students with mild disabilities were typically educated outside of public schools.

Q: Which two criteria are used to determine whether a child has an intellectual disability? A) Intellectual functioning and attention behaviors B) Adaptive behavior and behavioral issues C) Intellectual behavior and adaptive behavior D) IQ scores and grades

Q: "POWER" is a strategy that ____. a. helps students organize themselves to carry out all steps in the writing process b. assists students in reading and comprehending written word problems c. aids students in the acquisition of mathematical problem-solving skills d. is designed to help students remember the main idea and key details in reading.

Q: Frank is a fifteen-year old freshman in high school with significant problems in reading comprehension. Each year he slips further behind his peers academically. For a while, Frank acted out at school, bullying classmates and disrupting teachers. Now, however, Frank ignores all efforts to help him, saying it doesn"t matter since he plans to drop out of school when he turns sixteen. Frank's behavior is characteristic of learned helplessness, but is likely to be interpreted as _____. a. depression b. anxiety disorder c. lack of motivation d. apathy

Q: Standardized achievement tests are designed to measure what students have retained in the curriculum

Q: The forerunner to the AAIDD, originally called the Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiotic and Feeble-Minded Persons, was founded in which year? A) 1912 B) 1976 C) 1876 D) 1895

Q: A provision of IDEA is that students must be taught by teachers who are highly qualified in the core academic content being taught.

Q: Students need which of the following preskills in order to utilize most note-taking strategies? a. using graphic organizers b. differentiating main ideas and details c. self-questioning d. identifying story elements

Q: The difficulty of students with learning and behavioral disabilities to see any connections between their efforts and success is a result of ____. a. lack of self-esteem b. poor self-image c. learned helplessness d. depression

Q: Charmaine's teacher sampled her reading from a passage at the fifth-grade level and found that she read at a correct rate of 43 words per minute with no errors. What is Charmaine's teacher most likely to conclude based on this information? a. Charmaine is a careless reader. b. Charmaine cannot read grade level material. c. Charmaine has a problem with reading rate. d. Charmaine has a problem with reading accuracy.

Q: Modifications are changes in how the student learns key curriculum.

Q: Which note-taking strategy is recommended for students who have difficulty maintaining their level of attention? a. TASSELL b. CUES c. SLANT d. RUDPC

Q: Which descriptive words can be used to describe how the term mental retardation is generally viewed in our society? A) Stereotyped and misunderstood B) Valued and appreciated C) Helpful and regarded D) Interesting and intriguing

Q: A person with intellectual disabilities receives a Social Security payment each month because of his or her disability. What type of support is this considered? A) Programmatic support B) Formal support C) Intermediate support D) Natural support

Q: A student with intellectual disabilities "reads" an online newspaper each morning by using software that speaks the words aloud. What type of assistive technology is the student using? A) Text-to-speech software B) Dedicated communication device C) Voice recognition software D) Instructional technology

Q: Sometimes students with learning and behavioral disabilities know how to act in a socially appropriate manner but don"t because they ____. a. are impulsive and act before they think b. are overly cautious in social situations c. don"t have to be accepted by peers d. are expected to behave in a specific way

Q: How quickly a student is able to perform a skill or recall academic material is called student ____. a. fluency b. accuracy c. potential d. response

Q: For many students, the least restrictive environment is full-time or nearly full-time participation in a general education classroom.

Q: Family-centered services are most often associated with A) Transition programs B) Elementary programs C) Special education services D) Early intervention programs