Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following is not typically considered to be autoerotic behavior during adolescence? A. sexual activity experienced alone B. sexual fantasies C. masturbation D. sexual intercourse

Q: When Ken is alone, he fantasizes about supermodels and masturbates. This type of behavior is called: A. nocturnal stimulation. B. autoerotic. C. sociosexual. D. sensual stimulation.

Q: Which of the following illustrates the typical sequence of sexual behavior among adolescents? A. masturbation; kissing; sexual intercourse; oral intercourse B. kissing; masturbation; touching genitals through clothes; sexual intercourse C. masturbation; feeling breasts through clothes; feeling a penis under clothes; sexual intercourse D. kissing body parts; making out; sexual intercourse; oral intercourse

Q: How does the average age of first intercourse vary by geographical region? A. It doesn'tthe average age of first intercourse is fairly similar around the world. B. The average age of first intercourse varies considerably around the world. C. The average of first intercourse is roughly the same in industrialized countries, giving support for the idea that sexual activity is driven primarily by biological development, not socialization practices. D. Because societies differ in their use of "sex" terminology, the average age of first intercourse is extremely difficult to compare across different geographical, temporal, and cultural contexts.

Q: Which of the following adolescents is more likely to move toward intercourse at an earlier age without as many intervening steps? A. Sotoko, an Asian American adolescent B. Miranda, a Latina adolescent C. Richard, a Black adolescent D. Torrie, a White adolescent

Q: Members of which of the following racial groups are most likely to become sexually experienced at earlier ages? A. White adolescents B. Hispanic adolescents C. Asian American adolescents D. Black adolescents

Q: Estimates of the prevalence of sexual intercourse among adolescents: A. are consistent across time. B. are consistent across samples. C. depend on the wording of the questions. D. are dependent on the sex of the researcher.

Q: A particular concern regarding the faster progression of sexual activity is an increased: A. push for autonomy from parents. B. risk of pregnancy. C. rate of adolescent marriages. D. risk for experimenting with alcohol and other drugs.

Q: What is the best way to conceptualize adolescent sexual development? A. as gradual stages of increasing intimacy B. with the first event being intercourse C. as an isolated behavior D. there are no systematic patterns to adolescent sexual development

Q: Beginning on Isaac's 13th birthday, his father wants to start a series of conversations with him about sex and the "birds and the bees." This process is called: A. sociosexual preparation. B. sexual socialization. C. permissive communication. D. human ecology.

Q: What type of behaviors does the term noncoital activity refer to? A. kissing B. touching parts of each other's body through clothes C. touching or kissing each other's naked body D. All of the above behaviors are considered noncoital.

Q: According to Sullivan, if the interpersonal tasks of adolescence are negotiated successfully, the young adolescent enters late adolescence able to: A. be intimate. B. enjoy sex. C. experience intimacy and sex in the same relationship. D. All of the above.

Q: Sullivan believed the crisis of adolescence is _____. Erikson believed it is _____. A. identity; intimacy B. autonomy; intimacy C. intimacy; identity D. intimacy; autonomy

Q: Until recently, what aspect of teenage sexuality did social scientists focus on? A. Until the late 1990s, it was taboo to study teenage sex. B. Just like identity, autonomy, and intimacy, researchers have always studied the normative aspects of adolescent sexuality. C. Until fairly recently, researchers only focused on the problematic aspects of adolescent sexuality (precocious sex, promiscuous sex, unsafe sex, etc.). D. Until fairly recently, most researchers were preoccupied with understanding adolescent sexuality and, as a result, important topics, such as promiscuous sex and unsafe sex, were neglected.

Q: The textbook lists all of the following as reasons why sexuality in adolescence is a particularly important period during the life cycle, except: A. adolescence is the time when erotic feelings first emerge. B. puberty brings on physical changes that allow for sexual reproduction. C. cognitive changes in adolescence have a major impact on sexuality. D. it is not until adolescence that sexual activity begins to take on the social meaning it will continue to have throughout adulthood.

Q: Sexual activity in adolescence is motivated by: A. desire to enhance status with peers. B. love and the desire for a serious emotional relationship. C. hormones. D. All of the above are true.

Q: Sex play that is innocuous during childhood is no longer innocuous during adolescence because: A. children report erotic feelings before puberty. B. the hormonal changes of puberty result in an increased sex drive in adolescence. C. children are not capable of kissing, petting, masturbating, or sexual intercourse before puberty. D. with puberty, pregnancy becomes a serious possibility.

Q: Which of the following is not considered an aspect of positive sexual development that the majority of adolescents face? A. becoming comfortable with one's maturing body B. reconciling feelings of sexual arousal with one's religious beliefs C. feeling comfortable in choosing to engage or not to engage in sexual activity D. understanding and practicing safe sex

Q: "Sexual socialization" refers to: A. a person's sexual orientation. B. a person's social skills in sexual relationships. C. the way in which an individual is exposed to and educated about sexuality. D. the degree to which an individual is comfortable with his or her sexuality.

Q: Most research with respect to oral sex between adolescents has indicated that: A. in general, most teenagers are more likely to engage in vaginal intercourse than oral sex. B. many teenagers give and receive oral sex promiscuously. C. there is a large proportion of adolescents who exclusively engage in oral sex. D. the vast majority of teenagers who engage in oral sex also engage in sexual (vaginal) intercourse and promiscuity is not the norm for either activity.

Q: According to Sullivan, where does the capacity for intimacy first develop? A. early adolescent, same-sex relationships B. early adolescent, other-sex relationships C. middle adolescent, other-sex relationships D. preadolescent, same-sex relationships

Q: Based on Sullivan's theory of interpersonal development, intimacy is first expressed in: A. sexual relationships. B. other-sex friendships. C. mixed-sex relationships. D. same-sex relationships.

Q: Sullivan believed a precondition to forming close relationships as an adolescent is: A. being able to take someone else's perspective. B. forming intimate friendships during preadolescence. C. having secure interpersonal relationships since childhood. D. overcoming the frustration and anxiety associated with making friends in childhood.

Q: In Sullivan's view, the shift in the "targets" of intimacy during early adolescence from same-sex to other-sex relationships is primarily motivated by: A. the need to transition from nonromantic to romantic relationships. B. the onset of puberty and the emergence of sexuality and a biologically based sex drive. C. resolving the homophobic conflict of childhood. D. the need to appear popular by surrounding one's self with as many peers as possible.

Q: According to Sullivan, development can be best understood by examining transformations in: A. psychosexual needs. B. sexual drive. C. interpersonal needs. D. self-conceptions.

Q: According to Sullivan's theory, which of the following is the correct sequence of interpersonal needs? A. need for contact with people; need for integration into adult society; need for intimacy B. need for intimacy and consensual validation; need for adult participation; need for sexual contact C. need for intimacy; need for sexual contact; need for integration into adult society D. need for playmates; need for contact with people; need for sexual contact

Q: According to Sullivan, the need for intimacy starts to develop during: A. childhood. B. preadolescence. C. early adolescence. D. late adolescence.

Q: Which child is probably experiencing for the first time the need to be intimate with a friend of the same age? A. Carlo, who is 7 B. Dierdre, who is 18 C. Randy, who is 11 D. Connie, who is 16

Q: Sullivan believed that important interpersonal transitions are more likely to be negotiated successfully if: A. they have a solid foundation of security in past relationships. B. an individual develops appropriate cognitive skills. C. an individual had many playmates in childhood. D. they have a solid basis in social cognition.

Q: Sullivan emphasized the social aspects of growth, suggesting that psychological development can be best understood when looked at in: A. societal terms. B. interpersonal terms. C. identity terms. D. medical terms.

Q: When college students were asked to rate the most important criteria for deciding when someone is ready to get married, what was the most consistently endorsed item? A. capacity for intimacy B. being physically mature enough to have a child C. being emotionally mature enough to have a child D. being financially secure

Q: As used in the study of adolescence, the term intimacy refers to an emotional attachment between two people that is characterized by all of the following, except: A. concern for each other's well-being. B. a sexual and/or physical relationship. C. a willingness to disclose private, sometimes sensitive, information. D. sharing common interests and activities.

Q: An adolescent may have an intimate relationship with: A. a romantic partner. B. parents. C. friends. D. All of the above.

Q: What statement about intimacy is false? A. Intimacy is an important concern only in adolescence. B. One of the central issues in the study of intimacy during adolescence is the onset of dating. C. Intimacy is characterized by a willingness to disclose private and occasionally sensitive topics and a sharing of common interests. D. Intimacy can take the form of close friendships between people of both sexes.

Q: Children's friendships are based on _____, whereas adolescents' friendships are typically based on _____. A. activities; competition B. activities; intimacy C. intimacy; competition D. competition; activities

Q: It is likely that a limitation in children's ability to ____ inhibits their ability to have intimate interpersonal relationships. A. empathize B. take another person's perspective C. care deeply D. understand friendships

Q: The textbook states all of the following to explain why the development of intimacy is especially important in adolescence, except: A. truly intimate relationships do not emerge until adolescence. B. the nature of the adolescent's social world changes, with increasing importance of both same sex and other-sex peers. C. growth of social cognition reflects more sophisticated conceptions of social relationships. D. friendships transform being self-conscious to being more activity oriented.

Q: Which theorist adopted the most biological view of development? A. Freud B. Sullivan C. Erikson D. Benedict

Q: What proportion of American sixth-graders believe it is OK for someone to hit a boyfriend or girlfriend? A. More than 50% of American sixth-graders believe it is OK for a girl to hit her boyfriend and about 25% believe it is OK for a boy to hit his girlfriend. B. Approximately 10% of American sixth-graders believe it is OK for a girl to hit her boyfriend and only about 5% believe it is OK for a boy to hit his girlfriend. C. More than 80% of American sixth-graders believe it is OK for a girl to hit her boyfriend; however, only about 10% believe it is OK for a boy to hit his girlfriend. D. About 50% of American sixth-graders believe it is OK for a girl or boy to his or her romantic partner.

Q: Jessica's parents are verbally abusive to one another and are constantly fighting. When Jessica interacts with her boyfriend, she will be likely to: A. avoid arguments. B. break up with him over an argument. C. talk to him when they have an argument. D. fight with him when they have an argument.

Q: Approximately what percent of American adolescents has been the victim of dating violence? Who is more likely to be the victim of dating violence, boys or girls? A. Approximately 40% of American adolescents have been the victim of dating violence and male and female adolescents are equally likely to be the victim. B. Approximately 10% of American adolescents have been the victim of dating violence and male and female adolescents are equally likely to be the victim. C. Approximately 30% of American adolescents have been the victim of dating violence but female adolescents are much more likely to experience this. D. Approximately 20% of American adolescents have been the victim of dating violence and males are much more likely to be the victim than females.

Q: Stephanie, an adolescent who has witnessed a great deal of conflict between her parents, will most likely experience higher levels of: A. verbal aggression with her romantic partners. B. physical aggression with her romantic partners. C. relationship difficulties with her romantic partners. D. All of the above.

Q: According to the textbook, which of the following statements about dating is true? A. As adolescents develop, dating shifts from a focus on bonding to a focus on infatuation. B. Adolescents who have been exposed to high levels of conflict or violence in their family are more likely to put more effort into having tender and supportive relationships with friends. C. Across the board, dating is associated with better mental health and well-being than not dating at all. D. Social activities with the other-sex begin in early adolescence.

Q: It is important to keep in mind that an individual's relationships with parents, siblings, peers, and romantic partners: A. vary drastically in form and function. B. have a reverse causal relation. C. are spuriously related. D. are correlated.

Q: Which of the following is most important for adolescent development? A. having an intimate relationship with someone B. being popular C. having a lot of friends D. having a few good friendships

Q: According to the textbook, which of the following statements is not true? A. The impact of close friends on development must take into account the characteristics of these friends. B. Being popular is less important than genuinely having friends. C. Having a huge network of many friends is more important than having a few good friendships. D. Adolescents who have intimate friendships typically have better mental health than their peers who do not.

Q: The most common trigger of the first episode of major depression is: A. parents' divorce. B. failing in school. C. the breakup of a romantic relationship. D. dating violence.

Q: Which one of the adolescents below will be most vulnerable to the potential negative consequences of a break-up? A. Cory, an adolescent low in rejection sensitivity B. Nicole, an adolescent who has never experienced a break-up C. Richard, an adolescent who is a binge drinker and engages in delinquency D. Michael, an adolescent who was the breaker-upper

Q: Which of the following statements about dating violence is false? A. Dating violence becomes more common with age. B. Males and females are equally likely to be victims of violence in dating relationships. C. Dating violence is more common in rural than in urban or suburban communities. D. Dating violence is virtually nonexistent among LGBT adolescents.

Q: Adolescents behave in a variety of ways within dating relationships that are usually shaped by _____________. A. their partners' expectations B. scripts that are learned at home and from the mass media C. their peers' relationships D. cultural norms

Q: For middle adolescents, the least important aspect of dating is: A. establishing autonomy from parents. B. furthering the development of gender identity. C. developing intimacy. D. establishing and maintaining status in one's peer group.

Q: Contemporary discussions of adolescent romance draw on: A. Sullivan's theory of interpersonal development. B. attachment theory. C. ecological perspectives on development. D. All of the above.

Q: Which of the following statements concerning sexual-minority (LGBT) youth is false? A. the progression through the phases of dating and romance is as similar for them as for heterosexual adolescents B. the stigmas attached to homosexuality complicate the development of intimate relations C. these youngsters often pursue sexual activity outside the context of a dating relationship to avoid harassment by peers D. for sexual-minority youth, development of close, nonsexual friendships with same-sex peers may be hampered by their peers' homophobia

Q: Compared to same-sex peers, who is likely to be less socially mature, less imaginative, less achievement-oriented, more superficial, and more likely to exhibit problem behaviors? A. Amber, who started dating seriously at age 14 B. Becky, who started dating casually at age 14 C. Karin, who started dating seriously at age 16 D. Donald, who started dating seriously at age 16

Q: Delaying serious involvement in dating relationships until age _____ appears to be the most favorable pattern for healthy psychosocial development. A. 13 B. 15 C. 16 D. 17

Q: Based on the research you read about in the textbook, which of the following statements about dating and relationships is not true? A. opposites attract B. "birds of a feather flock together" C. romance, relationships, and romance have powerful impacts on adolescents' emotional states D. adolescents with problems who date peers whose mental health is good show improvements in their psychological functioning over time

Q: Which of the following is the best indicator of when an adolescent will begin dating? A. chronological age B. biological development C. the school/community norms D. whether he or she has older siblings

Q: According to one study from Furman and Simon, on whom does an internal working model of relationships have the greatest affect? A. Sarah, an adolescent girl B. Tom, an adolescent boy C. An internal working model of relationships has an equal affect on boys and girls D. An internal working model of relationships has no affect on boys or girls

Q: Which of the following statements about sex differences in partner preferences is true? A. Although girls may believe that they place more weight on interpersonal qualities (such as support and intimacy) than physical attractiveness, controlled experiments indicate that girls are more influenced by physical attractiveness than they think. B. Across adolescence and young adulthood, boys are more likely to emphasize the importance of physical attractiveness. C. Natural observational studies and controlled experiments indicate that girls are more likely to emphasize the desirability of interpersonal qualities in their prospective partners and boys are more attuned to the physical attractiveness of their prospective mate. D. Boys' and girls' internal working models of relationships are most sensitive to evolutionary clues that lead an individual to select a mate that offers the best probability of having healthy offspring.

Q: The ways in which adolescents interact with romantic partners changes with development, with increasing _____. A. desires for more independence B. willingness to acknowledge, analyze and work through disagreements C. sources of conflict D. pressure to engage in antisocial behavior

Q: Jesse is a physically immature 14-year-old who goes to school where it is expected that 14-year-olds date. Hillary is a physically mature 14-year-old who goes to school where it is expected that students delay dating until age 16. Which adolescent is more likely to date? A. Hillary B. Jesse C. neither Hillary nor Jesse is likely to date D. both Hillary and Jesse are likely to date

Q: The average duration of a romantic relationship during the middle high school years is about _____ months. A. 2 B. 6 C. 12 D. 18

Q: Within the United States and in Canada, adolescents of which racial/ethnic group are the least likely to date? A. Asian B. Hispanic C. American Indian D. White

Q: Which of the following is the best indicator of when an adolescent will engage in sexual behavior? A. chronological age B. biological development C. the school norm D. the age of their parents

Q: Which of the following factors is not closely related to when an adolescent will begin dating? A. family instability B. community norms C. when peers start dating D. depressive symptomatology

Q: Research addressing difficult social situations related to adolescents' transitions into romantic relationships found _____ to be among the most frequently mentioned themes. A. attracting the other-sex B. communicating with the other-sex C. discussing dating with parents D. discussing sex with same-sex peers

Q: Statistics on the age at which young people marry indicate that: A. it is approximately the same for males and females. B. girls marry younger today than in their mothers' generation. C. both males and females tend to be much older at first marriage than in the 1950s. D. more males than females marry before they are 20.

Q: Research suggests that with regard to the link between adolescents' relationships with their peers and their families: A. close family relationships do not necessarily reflect close peer relationships. B. close peer relationships do not necessarily reflect close family relationships. C. peer and family relationships suggest little support for attachment theory. D. improving the quality of relationships at home can help adolescents improve their peer relationships.

Q: Which of the following statements about adolescents' level and degree of interaction with parents is true? A. Adolescents interact more often with, are closer to, and argue more with their mothers than with their fathers. B. Adolescents interact more often and are closer to their mother; however both sons and daughters report arguing more often with their fathers than their mothers. C. There are no differences in adolescents' level or degree of interaction with mothers and fathers. D. Sons interact more often and are closer to fathers and daughters interact more often and are closer to mothers.

Q: In general, which of the following relationships tends to be the closest? A. mother-son relationship B. mother-daughter relationship C. father-son relationship D. father-daughter relationship

Q: In general, which of the following relationships tends to be the least intimate? A. mother-son relationship B. mother-daughter relationship C. father-son relationship D. father-daughter relationship

Q: Ron will be going to a new school in the fall. According to a research study presented in the textbook, what would be most effective in making this transition less stressful? A. calling the guidance counselors at the new school to alert them to Ron's arrival B. encouraging Ron to sever ties with his current school so that he enters his new school with no prior attachments C. letting Ron establish his autonomy by fending for himself D. providing Ron with social support and encouragement from parents and peers at school

Q: Justin, a 16-year-old, has a substance-abuse problem. According to a research study presented in the textbook, to whom is he most likely to turn for help? A. his teacher B. his friends C. his parents D. his siblings

Q: Which adolescent would be predicted to have the closest relationship with a maternal grandfather? A. a boy living with both of his biological parents B. a girl living with both of her biological parents C. a boy whose body is just starting to undergo the physical changes of puberty and is living with his divorced mother D. a girl whose body is just starting to undergo the physical changes of puberty and is living with her divorced mother

Q: During preadolescence, _____ is the single most important determinant of friendship. A. sex B. ethnicity C. socioeconomic status D. neighborhood

Q: In contrast to Sullivan's claims about adolescent friendships, more current research has found: A. cross-sex intimacy replaces intimacy with same-sex peers. B. as the number of same-sex peers increases, the number of cross-sex peers decreases. C. as the number of cross-sex peers increases, the number of same-sex peers either stays the same or increases. D. although cross-sex interactions increase, there is little cross-sex intimacy.

Q: Dating among adolescents today is largely a: A. recreational activity. B. part of the courtship process. C. part of mating selection. D. meaningless activity.

Q: All of the following are examples of the ways adolescents display intimacy with their friends, except: A. they know what their friends worry about. B. their behaviors and emotional states are frequently synchronized. C. they respond sensitively to their friends' feelings. D. they become less likely to negotiate than to disengage when resolving their disagreements.

Q: Girls are more likely than boys to express intimacy with their friends by doing all of the following, except: A. having intimate knowledge about their friends. B. expressing empathy when comforting their friends. C. displaying a great deal of interest in close friendships. D. being concerned about a friend's faithfulness and experiencing a high degree of anxiety over rejection.

Q: Girls are more likely than boys to settle disagreements with friends by: A. letting things slide. B. engaging in physical aggression. C. engaging in verbal aggression. D. apologizing.