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Q:
The benefits of qi gong and tai chi include
a. relaxation, strengthened muscles, and improved balance.
b. pain relief and increased sensory acuity.
c. decreased immune system response.
d. nothing more than the placebo response.
Q:
Evidence suggests that those patients MOST likely to receive pain relief through hypnosis are
a. men.
b. highly suggestible.
c. different from those who would respond well to a placebo.
d. all of these.
Q:
Hypnosis is more effective in controlling __________ pain than _________ pain.
a. acute . . . chronic
b. chronic . . . acute
c. low back . . . headache
d. fibromyalgia . . . postsurgical
Q:
Biofeedback
a. offers clear advantages over relaxation training for migraine headaches.
b. has demonstrated its independent therapeutic effects for all types of headaches as well as for gastric disorders.
c. is not more effective than relaxation techniques for controlling pain.
d. is more successful with psychological than with physiological disorders.
Q:
Chronic low back pain is an extremely difficult pain syndrome to manage. What CAM treatment has demonstrated its effectiveness in managing low back pain?
a. massage
b. acupuncture
c. chiropractic treatment
d. all of these
Q:
Which of the following have been found to be useful in the treatment of depression?
a. acupuncture
b. yoga
c. Saint John's Wort
d. all of these
Q:
As a treatment for pain, acupuncture
a. is no more effective than a placebo.
b. produces biochemical changes in the brain consistent with pain relief.
c. is less effective than TENS.
d. all of these are correct.
Q:
Techniques from traditional Chinese medicine have demonstrated effectiveness for managing stress and depression. Which of the following statements describes the research findings?
a. Acupuncture and acupressure are effective in managing stress but less effective for depression.
b. Qi gong and tai chi are effective for managing stress, anxiety, and depression, but acupuncture has not been found to be effective for these conditions.
c. Qi gong and tai chi are effective for managing stress, and acupuncture is an effective treatment for depression.
d. Herbal preparations are effective in managing anxiety, and qi gong is an effective treatment for depression.
Q:
Relaxation training, including meditation, has been found to be most successful in
a. lowering blood pressure to the normal range.
b. managing stress and anxiety.
c. treating stress-related schizophrenia.
d. treating ulcers.
Q:
People who use mindfulness meditation experience changes in the function of the brain that suggest
a. they are experiencing an increase in anxiety but a decrease in tension.
b. they are experiencing an increase in positive emotions.
c. their right hemisphere has increased its function, which indicates heightened creativity.
d. they are asleep.
Q:
Critics of CAM argue that few double-blind, placebo controlled trials have demonstrated effectiveness. CAM advocates argue that
a. many techniques used in conventional medicine have not been evaluated by this method either.
b. double-blind, placebo controlled trials are a flawed method for evaluating health research.
c. researchers are biased against CAM, so the research is not fair.
d. the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine is underfunded.
Q:
A treatment is classified as alternative because
a. the treatment has not been approved by the FDA.
b. its practitioners are not licensed.
c. research evidence has not confirmed its effectiveness.
d. all of these.
Q:
A person who uses some form of CAM is likely to
a. be an immigrant to the United States.
b. be of low socioeconomic status.
c. accept the biomedical view of health and illness.
d. accept the biopsychosocial view of health and illness.
Q:
In the United States, who is most likely to use CAM?
a. a well-educated European American woman
b. a poorly educated Hispanic woman
c. an Asian American whose parents immigrated to the United States
d. people with low back injuries
Q:
Young men who believe strongly in ______________ were ________ to use CAM than other people.
a. religion; more
b. religion; less
c. science; more
d. science; less
Q:
Who is most likely to use CAMs?
a. a middle-aged Asian American women
b. a teenage athlete
c. a well-educated European American woman
d. a well-educated Asian American man
Q:
Which ethnic group is most likely to use CAMs?
a. European Americans
b. Hispanic Americans
c. Asian Americans
d. Hispanic Americans
Q:
Most people in the United States who use some form of CAM use it as __________ rather than as __________.
a. something their physician recommended . . . something they believe in
b. complementary medicine . . . alternative medicine
c. alternative medicine . . . complementary medicine
d. a last resort . . . a first choice
Q:
Health psychologists have most effectively used hypnotic treatment to help people
a. control pain.
b. cope with stress.
c. stop smoking.
d. alter eating habits.
Q:
Those researchers who believe that hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness also believe that it is necessary to use __________ to achieve this altered state.
a. increased muscle tension
b. an induction procedure
c. biofeedback
d. a hypnotist with a strong personality
Q:
A recent study that examined the efficacy of hypnosis as a treatment, compared hypnotic patients to nonhypnotic patients found that pain was reduced for __________.
a. patients who were under hypnosis only
b. all patients, regardless of whether they were under hypnosis
c. patients who expected their treatment to be effective
d. nonhypnotic patients only.
Q:
Matt is experiencing recurring headaches and so he uses a treatment that consists of being made aware of his biological processes, such as his muscle tension.
a. biofeedback
b. hypnosis
c. energy healing
d. Reiki
Q:
Sean practices this type of movement that could be described as "moving meditation:"
a. qi gong
b. tai chi
c. Reiki
d. mindfulness meditation
Q:
There has been evidence that suggests that ________ produces changes in the function of the immune system.
a. qi gong
b. tai chi
c. Reiki
d. mindfulness meditation
Q:
The key components of ________ are the focus of attention on moving the body in a controlled fashion, ignoring other situations or problems.
a. mindfulness meditation
b. transcendental meditation
c. guided imagery
d. yoga
Q:
Which type of meditation has been adapted into a stress-reduction program and has been shown to work by altering brain function.
a. mindfulness meditation
b. transcendental meditation
c. guided imagery
d. yoga
Q:
Jane participates in __________, a type of meditation focused on non-judgmental awareness of one's thoughts and feelings.
a. mindfulness meditation
b. transcendental meditation
c. guided imagery
d. yoga
Q:
Martha participates in __________, a type of meditation where she sits and repeats a sound over and over.
a. mindfulness meditation
b. transcendental meditation
c. guided imagery
d. yoga
Q:
An increasingly common non-secular practice, ________ involves a focus of attention and an open attitude.
a. meditation
b. Qi Gong
c. Tai Chi
d. Reiki
Q:
Biofeedback training can result in a person learning to raise skin temperature because
a. skin temperature rises when relaxation prompts vasodilation.
b. increased heart rate prompts vasodilation.
c. skin temperature correlates with visceral activity.
d. the sensorimotor rhythm prompts adrenal activation.
Q:
The most critical element of the biofeedback process is
a. change in rate of breathing.
b. immediate information on the status of a biological system.
c. an understanding of how and why the process occurs.
d. change in heart rate.
Q:
When practiced as a connected set of movements, tai chi
a. is not as beneficial as when practiced as disconnected, discrete movements.
b. has few physical benefits but produces many psychological benefits.
c. is no longer suitable for older people because of safety issues.
d. provides moderate intensity, low-impact aerobic exercise.
Q:
Tai chi is practiced currently as _____________ but originated as ____________.
a. a relaxation technique . . . a method for curing neurological disorders
b. an exercise to increase strength . . . a weight loss method
c. a technique to promote health . . . a martial art
d. a type of meditation . . . an aerobic workout
Q:
Research on the medical benefits of qi gong indicates that
a. qi gong training produces beneficial changes in the immune system.
b. qi gong must be combined with tai chi to exert beneficial effects.
c. the benefits are similar to relaxation training, producing mostly stress reduction.
d. the benefits of qi gong are similar to placebo effects.
Q:
Qi gong is
a. a series of movements that offer therapeutic benefits.
b. a talk-based therapy that originated in Chinese medicine.
c. a herbal remedy for stress or depression.
d. a type of meditation that is an effective strategy for controlling stress.
Q:
The practice of yoga includes many postures that are intended to ___________ and controlled breathing that is intended to ____________.
a. relieve pressure on the spine . . . reframe their problems
b. concentrate energy in the body . . . concentrate attention
c. induce a trance . . . energize the body
d. concentrate muscle tension . . . remove muscle tension
Q:
Snyder is in therapy with a health psychologist for relief from panic attacks. The psychologist uses a technique in which Snyder is asked to imagine a peaceful pastoral scene and then concentrate on that scene during any anxiety-provoking situation. From this description it appears that Snyder's psychologist is using
a. hypnosis.
b. progressive muscle relaxation.
c. meditative relaxation.
d. guided imagery.
Q:
With the technique known as mindfulness meditation, people
a. receive spiritual advice from their therapist.
b. receive information on their internal biological functioning.
c. focus nonjudgmentally on any thoughts or sensations as they occur.
d. attempt to discover their irrational cognitions.
Q:
The meditation technique that involves sitting relaxed with eyes closed, focusing on breathing, and repeating a single word or sound is called
a. mindfulness meditation.
b. transcendental meditation.
c. yogic meditation.
d. repetitive meditation.
Q:
Who was important in formulating the view that the mind and the body work according to different principles?
a. Norman Cousins
b. Benedict Lust
c. Daniel David Palmer
d. Ren Descartes
Q:
The notion that the mind and body form a holistic system of dynamic interaction characterizes which approach?
a. mind-body medicine
b. traditional Chinese medicine
c. Ayurvedic medicine
d. all of these
Q:
Almost _______ of adults in the US supplement their diet with vitamins, minerals or natural products to improve their health.
a. 7%
b. 18%
c. 24%
d. 62%
Q:
Vegetarian and vegan diets are helpful in promoting good health, as they are beneficial in helping to _______________.
a. reduce high cholesterol
b. reduce the risk of cold and flu
c. reduce the risk for osteoarthritis
d. all of the above
Q:
Two of the more common alternative treatments in the United States are
a. chiropractic treatment and energy healing
b. chiropractic treatment and massage
c. massage and meditation
d. energy healing and massage
Q:
_________is a technique of inserting needles into specific points of the skin that is meant to unblock the flow of qi and restore health.
a. Acupuncture
b. Acupressure
c. Tui na
d. Reiki
Q:
Acupuncture, acupressure, and tui nai are techniques or practices that stem from _________.
a. traditional Chinese medicine
b. Ayurvedic medicine
c. energy healing
d. homeopathy
Q:
The group of diverse medical and health care systems that are not considered part of conventional medicine are _____________.
a. biopsychosocial medicines
b. bio-medicines
c. alternative medicines
d. complementary medicines
Q:
Which of the following manipulative techniques originated in traditional Chinese medicine?
a. acupressure and tui na
b. acupuncture and Reiki
c. Shiatsu massage and counterpressure
d. Shiatsu massage and Reiki
Q:
Which alternative treatment is most likely to be covered by insurance plans in the United States?
a. chiropractic
b. dietary supplements
c. hypnotherapy
d. tai chi classes
Q:
Chiropractic treatment was the subject of a bitter fight during the middle of the 20th century. What group tried to keep chiropractors from practicing?
a. The American Psychological Association
b. The American Psychiatric Association
c. The American Medical Association
d. The National Institutes of Health
Q:
Chiropractic practitioners
a. earn doctoral degrees and are licensed to practice.
b. attend college for about four years but receive no degree.
c. may earn a doctoral degree or not, which affects the extent of their practice.
d. train through an apprentice program rather than through colleges.
Q:
Therapeutic manipulation of the spine is the basis for
a. TENS.
b. allostasis.
c. qi gong.
d. chiropractic treatment.
Q:
The main limitation on the use of CAM is
a. the body of research that indicates no real effects for these techniques.
b. the widespread lack of acceptance by the public.
c. the lack of research on these techniques.
d. the campaign by conventional medicine to prevent people from using CAM.
Q:
What do all alternative medical systems have in common? The systems
a. are holistic, considering psychological factors as well as physical factors in health.
b. arose long ago and are now accepted by very few people.
c. accept the importance of manipulation of the skin and organs in the healing process.
d. emphasize physical factors and minimize psychological and emotional factors.
Q:
The exercise that originated with Ayurvedic medicine is
a. qi gong.
b. tai chi.
c. yoga.
d. rhythmic meridian movement.
Q:
The goal of Ayurvedic medicine is to integrate and balancea. the body, space, and time.b. the body, mind, and spirit.c. the yin and yang.d. hot and cold forces in the body.
Q:
Ayurvedic medicine originated in
a. India.
b. China.
c. Europe in the 19th century.
d. Japan.
Q:
The technique that involves inserting needles into specific points on the body and stimulating those points is
a. qi gong.
b. acupuncture.
c. ayurveda.
d. pressure point therapy.
Q:
One of the goals of treatment in traditional Chinese medicine is to
a. reduce the amount of qi that flows through the body.
b. increase the amount of qi that flows through the body.
c. bring yin and yang into balance.
d. increase yin forces and decrease yang forces.
Q:
According to traditional Chinese medicine, when the qi is blocked or becomes stagnant,
a. health impairment occurs.
b. people lose weight.
c. an increase in creativity occurs.
d. lung capacity increases but digestive capacity decreases.
Q:
When people combine conventional treatments such as analgesic drugs with alternative approaches such as massage,
a. they are using complementary medicine.
b. the diverse treatment approaches will be ineffective.
c. their conventional medicine practitioners often force them to make a choice between approaches.
d. the combination of approaches will probably cancel each other out.
Q:
Eric hurt his back two years ago when he was at work, and since that time he has experienced periods during which he could not work because of his low back pain. Workers' compensation has helped financially during those times, but his wife has been burdened by doing Eric's chores and caring for him when he is incapacitated. His physician is reluctant to continue his prescription of opiate analgesics but understands that Eric's back pain is a problem and would like to get him into a program that would help his pain. After reviewing the options, recommend a program for Eric.
Q:
What are the similarities and differences of behavior modification and cognitive therapy as used for pain management? How does cognitive behavior therapy combine these approaches?
Q:
Evaluate the success and hazards of medical interventions for pain.
Q:
What are the advantages and disadvantages of physiological measures, behavioral assessments, and self-report measures of pain?
Q:
Compare the specificity and the gate control theory on their emphasis of psychological factors in pain.
Q:
Discuss the statement "Injury does not necessarily equal pain."
Q:
Differentiate among the three stages of pain.
Q:
Did Jonathan's cut finger hurt? What experiences and psychological factors might increase or decrease his experience of pain?
Q:
Jonathan has just cut his left hand while chopping onions. Trace the sensory input from finger to brain, mentioning the important structures in the nervous system.
Q:
Cognitive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy both strive to alter patterns of thinking.
Q:
Behavior modification attempts to change behavior without altering the environment.
Q:
Providing positive feedback and assistance are the best ways to help someone with low back pain recover.
Q:
Low-back pain patients who use pain medications are at an increased risk for more health problems than patients who do not use pain medications.
Q:
According to the gate control theory, pain has only sensory components.
Q:
Surgery is not a successful treatment for many people with low back pain.
Q:
Medication is an important treatment for people with low back pain, and
undermedication is a serious problem for these patients.
Q:
The dangers of opiate drugs outweigh their risks for pain control.
Q:
People who complain about pain in an amputated limb are simply imagining the pain.
Q:
The most common type of pain is low back pain.