Q&A Hero

Science

Q: What is the primary source of erosion on the Moon? Why does change there take so long?
Q: Explain how crater counts allow us to estimate the ages of surfaces throughout the solar system.
Q: What features are conspicuously absent from the far side of the Moon? Why?
Q: Why is the Moon heavily cratered but Earth is not?
Q: Why are Moon rocks older than Earth rocks, if the impact theory has the Moon being made by another body striking the newly formed Earth?
Q: Which plates are causing the formation of the Andes mountains in western South America? Describe their motions.
Q: Where is the most obvious example of a mountain chain built by continental collision in plate tectonics? Which plates are involved in this head-on collision?
Q: Which two continents are the most obvious pieces in the continental jigsaw puzzle of plate tectonics? Why?
Q: According to the reanalysis of the Apollo seismic data in 2011, what is the structure of the lunar interior?
Q: Name the three principal divisions of the structure of the Earth's interior and the chemical composition of each.
Q: How do earthquakes allow us to model the structure of Earth's core?
Q: Why are plate tectonics not as important a factor on the Moon as they are on Earth?
Q: Contrast S and P waves in terms of speed and transmission through the interior.
Q: Contrast spring and neap tides.
Q: Why does the Moon play a larger role in tides than the Sun?
Q: Of the six layers of Earth, which is unique among the planets? Why?
Q: Name two observable consequences of the Earth's tidal pull on the Moon.
Q: Name two consequences of the Earth's magnetic field detected from space.
Q: What is the primary source of erosion on the Moon today?
Q: List the two major regions of the near side of the Moon, as seen with the naked eye.
Q: What surface region of the Moon is oldest? How do we know this?
Q: Note at least three surface features that are driven by plate tectonics.
Q: Where is the newest material in the Earth's crust found?
Q: Which side of the Moon has the thicker crust? Why?
Q: What were the two primary courses of heating that let the Earth differentiate?
Q: What does it mean when we say the Earth's interior is differentiated?
Q: Why does the Earth's atmosphere contain much more nitrogen than hydrogen?
Q: Name the layers of the Earth's atmosphere, going up from the surface.
Q: Why does the Moon lack an atmosphere?
Q: What are the short- and long-term effects of the Moon's tides on our rotation?
Q: What is meant by tidal locking?
Q: When and why do neap tides occur? How much tidal variation is noted?
Q: When do spring tides occur? How much tidal variation is noted?
Q: List the six main regions of the Earth, in order, starting from the center.
Q: The Moon's composition is similar to Earth's ________.
Q: In general, the ________ lunar craters sit atop the mare.
Q: The ________ hypothesis is now the most popular to explain the Moon's origin.
Q: The coformation hypothesis for the origin of the Moon is difficult to reconcile with the dissimilar ________ and ________ of the Earth and Moon.
Q: In order for the dynamo effect to generate a magnetic field, Earth's outer core must be rapidly spinning, molten, and made of ________.
Q: The ________ are two layers of charged particles trapped by our magnetic fields.
Q: When strong solar wind storms are diverted poleward by our magnetic fields, we often observe ________ in the ionosphere.
Q: The mare are really seas of long since hardened ________, a dark volcanic rock that also makes up the ocean basins of Earth.
Q: The age dating of the solar system is done by radioactive dating of ________.
Q: The dominant dark features on the near side of the Moon are the ________.
Q: Dominating the lunar ________, craters are the result of asteroid and comet impacts.
Q: The ________ in the oceans arise where two advancing plates meet and one is pushed beneath the other, a process called subduction.
Q: The oldest rocks found on the Earth's surface date back about ________ billion years.
Q: ________ is responsible for heating the Earth's interior today.
Q: A hot, molten body of different materials will become ________.
Q: ________ waves cannot travel through the Earth's liquid outer core.
Q: For differentiation to have occurred, the Earth's interior must have been ________.
Q: The ________ seismic waves can pass through both solid and liquid portions of the Earth's interior, and be detected on the other side of the globe.
Q: Because the interior of the Earth is ________, the crust is much less dense than the core.
Q: The most important greenhouse effect gas in our atmosphere is ________.
Q: To map the Earth's interior, we rely on ________ waves created by earthquakes.
Q: Our molten core is believed to consist primarily of the element ________.
Q: Weather always occurs in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the ________.
Q: The water that has been detected on the Moon lies at its ________.
Q: The Moon lacks an atmosphere because its surface gravity is only ________ the Earth's.
Q: ________ radiation is trapped close to our surface by the greenhouse effect.
Q: The ________ in our atmosphere is the result of photosynthesis by plants.
Q: The oxygen in our atmosphere is produced by ________.
Q: The most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere is ________.
Q: The ozone layer blocks much of the Sun's ________ radiation.
Q: The greenhouse effect always results in a ________ surface temperature.
Q: The difference in the Moon's gravitational force on the near and far sides of the Earth produces a ________.
Q: The ________ has the largest gravitational pull on Earth.
Q: Plate ________ is the process by which convection within the mantle reforms the crust above it.
Q: The tidal pull of the Sun largely cancels that of the Moon at the ________ phases.
Q: The Sun reinforces the Moon's tidal pull during ________ tides.
Q: The Moon's spin-orbit resonance shows it is ________ with the Earth.
Q: The neap tide can occur at the ________ or ________ phases of the Moon.
Q: The spring tide can occur at either ________ or ________ phases of the Moon.
Q: The ________ tides have a large change from high to low, near new and full moons.
Q: The ________ tides occur when there is little tidal variation, near first and third quarter moons.
Q: The bulk density of the Moon is ________ than that of the Earth it orbits.
Q: Which of these theories seems to best explain the Moon's origin? A) Impact Theory B) Capture Theory C) Coformation Theory D) Fission Theory E) Fusion Theory
Q: Which statement about our core is FALSE? A) It generates a stable and permanent magnetic field much as a regular bar magnet. B) Its magnetic field generates the protective Van Allen radiation Belts. C) It must be rich in both iron and nickel. D) The seismic data indicates the outer portion is liquid, the inner part solid. E) It is almost as hot as the Sun's glowing surface, the photosphere.
Q: Earth's magnetic field A) prevents charged particles in the solar wind from reaching the surface. B) is a remnant of the solar nebula's magnetic field. C) is weakening the Van Allen radiation belts. D) is the force behind plate tectonics. E) lines intersect the atmosphere at the equator.
Q: The region in which charged particles are trapped by our magnetic fields is the A) ionosphere. B) ozone layers. C) exosphere. D) Van Allen radiation belt. E) Aurora.
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