Q&A Hero

Psychology

Q: Male aggressive behavior depends heavily on: a. acetylcholine. b. estrogen. c. testosterone. d. dopamine.
Q: A research study linked different genes for the enzyme MAO-A to the probability of antisocial behavior. The effect of the gene varied from small to great, depending on what? A whether the person lived in a large or small town B whether the person lived alone or with others C whether the person was maltreated during childhood D whether the person's diet was high or low in fats and carbohydrates
Q: Not all children who are abused become violently aggressive in adolescence or adulthood. Of the following, which has been demonstrated to influence violence by these people? A genes regulating testosterone receptors B genes regulating the suprachiasmatic nucleus C genes regulating secretion of aldosterone D genes regulating monoamine oxidase
Q: Several studies have found that ____ is particularly enhanced in people with both a genetic predisposition and a troubled early environment. a. anxiety b. emotion c. violence d. trust
Q: Under what circumstances do the criminal behaviors of monozygotic twins resemble each other more than dizygotic twins? a. when the monozygotic twins have been raised apart b. when the dizygotic twins have been raised together c. in adulthood d. in childhood
Q: Studies of aggressive and criminal behaviors in adulthood have found that: a. there doesn't appear to be a genetic link. b. there appears to be more aggression by twins than non-twins. c. monozygotic twins resemble each other more closely than dizygotic twins. d. dizygotic twins resemble each other more closely than monozygotic twins.
Q: Directly stimulating the ____ of a hamster results in priming it to attack, even without the previous experience of fighting. a. corticomedial amygdala. b. cortex. c. temporal lobe. d. occipital lobe.
Q: If a hamster is primed for a fight, increased activity will most likely be found: a. in the corticomedial amygdala. b. all over the cortex. c. all over the temporal lobe. d. in the occipital lobe.
Q: If a hamster in its home territory attacks an intruder, what will the hamster do if a second intruder arrives shortly after the first intruder leaves? a. Withdraw from the second intruder. b. Play with the second intruder. c. Attack the second intruder quickly and vigorously. d. Attack the second intruder but less vigorously than the first.
Q: Some cats "play" with a mouse before killing it. How can this kind of behavior best be explained? a. the cat's perverse pleasure in prolonging the mouse's pain b. an instinctive need for additional pursuit behaviors prior to eating c. a conflict between attack and escape behaviors d. regression to infantile patterns of activity in the hippocampus
Q: Why do individuals with prefrontal cortex damage often make bad decisions? A They can't understand complexly worded questions. B They don't anticipate the unpleasantness of likely outcomes. C They conform readily to whatever other people are doing. D They can"t predict the consequences of one decision or another.
Q: Impulsive behavior and poor decisions are common symptoms of: a. parietal damage. b. prefrontal damage. c. occipital damage. d. temporal damage.
Q: Historically, the most famous case of a person with prefrontal damage is that of: a. John Limbic. b. James Papez. c. Antonio Damasio. d. Phineas Gage.
Q: Investigators have found that individuals who suffer prefrontal cortex damage: a. often make bad decisions. b. become more logical than usual in their reasoning. c. become excessively inhibited in their dealings with others. d. perform poorly on IQ tests.
Q: People are given moral dilemmas, such as whether it is all right to kill one person in order to save five others. The people most likely to make the "cold, calculating" decision that these acts are okay are people who have suffered brain damage that impairs which of these? A Memory B Emotions C Vision D Activity level
Q: Stimuli that are below the level of conscious detection: a. have no effect on our autonomic system activity. b. may produce changes in autonomic responses that account for "gut feelings." c. are easily detected if we attend to them. d. produce memory loss.
Q: Which of the following systems is most likely to be active when moderate physiological arousal occurs while approaching a member of the opposite sex? a. Behavioral Inhibition System b. Behavioral Activation System c. Behavioral Attenuation System d. Behavioral Attraction System
Q: Increased activity of the frontal and temporal lobes of the right hemisphere is associated with the: a. Behavioral Inhibition System. b. Behavioral Activation System. c. Behavioral Attenuation System. d. Behavioral Attraction System.
Q: The Behavioral Inhibition System is associated with: a. low to moderate arousal, tendency to approach new objects, and pleasant mood. b. maximum arousal, increased fear, and negative mood. c. lack of arousal, decreased action, and pleasant mood. d. increased attention and arousal, decreased action, and fear or disgust.
Q: The Behavioral Activation System is associated with: a. low to moderate arousal, tendency to approach new objects, and pleasant mood. b. maximum arousal, increased fear, and negative mood. c. lack of arousal, decreased action, and pleasant mood. d. increased attention and arousal, decreased action, and fear or disgust.
Q: Activity in the left hemisphere is associated with: a. decreased emotional experiences. b. fear, but not other emotions. c. behavioral activation. d. behavioral inhibition.
Q: Which of the following problems is most likely to result in an increased ability to identify the emotional expression of people viewing pleasant and unpleasant pictures? a. locked in syndrome b. damage to the left hemisphere c. panic disorder d. damage to the right hemisphere
Q: Damage to the ____ results in a diminished ability to experience and recognize disgust. a. temporal cortex b. insular cortex c. hippocampus d. frontal cortex
Q: Damage to the insular cortex impairs the sense of taste and the ability to recognize: A fear. B sadness. C happiness. D disgust.
Q: The area that is activated by feeling disgusted is the same area of the brain responsible for: a. sight. b. smell. c. taste. d. hearing.
Q: The challenge in identifying specific brain areas that are associated with specific emotions is that: a. all emotions activate all parts of the brain. b. the procedures used to measure emotions vary considerably. c. we don"t have techniques to view activity in the brain. d. the area of the brain responsible for a particular emotion varies over time.
Q: A search for the happiness center in the brain is unlikely to be successful because: a. brain areas associated with particular emotions vary considerably. b. happiness is only an epiphenomenon. c. fear activates the identical brain areas as happiness does. d. no one has been able to define happiness.
Q: The limbic system consists of structures that are believed to be important for which kind of responses? a. reflexes b. fine motor control c. spatial orientation d. emotional
Q: The amygdala is part of the: a. pyramidal system. b. sympathetic nervous system. c. parasympathetic nervous system. d. limbic system.
Q: A group of forebrain structures that appear to be critical for emotion are known as the: a. pyramidal system. b. sympathetic nervous system. c. parasympathetic nervous system. d. limbic system.
Q: Children with a rare condition called ____ are unable to move their facial muscles to make a smile. a. Lange syndrome b. Mbius syndrome c. James syndrome d. Fregoli syndrome
Q: When people were forced to smile, by clenching a pen between their teeth, how did they rate a cartoon they were reading? a. funnier than if they were not forced to smile b. just as funny as when they were frowning c. not as funny as when they were holding a pen between their lips d. as frightening
Q: Which of the following is characterized by extreme physiological arousal? a. locked-in syndrome b. pure autonomic failure c. panic attack d. prosopagnosia
Q: Which of the following is characterized by extreme sympathetic nervous system arousal? a. locked-in syndrome b. pure autonomic failure c. panic attack d. prosopagnosia
Q: People with pure autonomic failure have ____ changes in their heart rate and other organ responses; they usually report ____ intensity of emotions. a. increased, increased b. increased, decreased c. decreased, increased d. decreased, decreased
Q: Findings from people with pure autonomic failure suggest that: a. autonomic output is important for experiencing emotion. b. the James-Lange theory is incorrect. c. feelings are the same thing as emotions. d. lack of physiological feedback makes us happy.
Q: Individuals with pure autonomic failure: a. do not experience emotions. b. are paralyzed. c. are always fearful. d. do not experience much intensity of emotion.
Q: Individuals with pure autonomic failure: a. experience no emotion at all. b. have diminished intensity of emotion, but still report cognitive aspects of it. c. die from low blood pressure. d. lose all output to the muscles.
Q: Which evidence is most detrimental to the James-Lange theory? a. Patients with pure autonomic failure experience emotions. b. Sometimes people have trouble reporting what they are feeling. c. Changes in arousal are reported as changes in emotions. d. Some people feel stronger emotions than others do.
Q: According to the James-Lange theory of emotion: a. only sympathetic arousal is important. b. emotional intensity is a function of physiological responses. c. we experience emotion first, and then our autonomic nervous system produces the appropriate changes. d. we attack because we are angry.
Q: In the revised James-Lange theory of emotion, what occurs first? a. cognitive appraisal b. actions c. physiological changes d. feeling
Q: According to the James-Lange theory, we experience emotion: a. first, then come our actions. b. and act upon that emotion, simultaneously. c. after we experience autonomic arousal. d. and must label it before we can act on it.
Q: According to the ____ theory, we experience emotion after we experience autonomic arousal. a. Lange-Jung b. Lange-Papez c. James-Jung d. James-Lange
Q: A scientist would be most likely to use which of the following when attempting to obtain an objective measure of emotion? a. a self report b. ratings by independent observers c. measures of sympathetic nervous system responses d. measures of parasympathetic nervous system responses
Q: The sympathetic nervous system is to ____ as the parasympathetic nervous system is to ____. a. fight; flight b. emergencies; relaxation c. assertiveness; aggressiveness d. striated muscles; smooth muscles
Q: The branch of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for preparing the body for fight or flight behaviors is called the: a. parasympathetic nervous system. b. sympathetic nervous system. c. somatic nervous system. d. craniosacral nervous system.
Q: The branch of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for preparing the body for intense, vigorous, emergency activity is the: a. somatic nervous system. b. craniosacral nervous system. c. sympathetic nervous system. d. parasympathetic nervous system.
Q: The autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts; the ____ nervous system (which prepares the body for emergency action), and the ____ nervous system (which calms the body). a. sympathetic; parasympathetic b. parasympathetic; sympathetic c. somatic; craniosacral d. craniosacral; somatic
Q: Psychologists typically define emotion in terms of the following three components: a. actions, cognitions, and emotions b. feelings, actions, and emotions c. cognitions, actions, and emotions d. cognitions, feelings, and actions
Q: Individuals with PTSD usually have a smaller than average hippocampus.
Q: Prolonged high cortisol levels are associated with increased hippocampal damage.
Q: Temporary increases in cortisol can enhance immune function.
Q: Brief activation of the sympathetic nervous system can enhance activity of the immune system.
Q: Direct injections of cytokines into the brain would increase appetite.
Q: Activation of the HPA axis occurs during prolonged stress.
Q: Benzodiazepines bind to the GABAC receptor.
Q: The most commonly used anti-anxiety drugs are the benzodiazepines.
Q: Activity in the amygdala can change without the person being consciously aware of an emotional stimulus.
Q: The amygdala is important only for the expression of fear.
Q: Amygdala damage will result in the complete loss of the startle response.
Q: Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder are more likely to have a suppressed startle reflex.
Q: The amygdala is one of the main areas for integrating both environmental and genetic influences, and then regulating the current level of anxiety.
Q: Increasing the amount of phenylalanine in the diet may interfere with the synthesis of serotonin.
Q: Low serotonin turnover is associated with reduced aggression.
Q: Most of the vigorous emotional behaviors we observe in animals fall into the categories of attack and escape.
Q: People with damage to either the prefrontal cortex or the amygdala show difficulties processing emotional information.
Q: Prefrontal cortex damage always results in poor decisions.
Q: Emotions are important for decision making.
Q: The right hemisphere seems to be more responsive to emotional stimuli than the left hemisphere.
Q: The insula is strongly activated if you see a disgusting picture.
Q: The limbic systemthe forebrain areas surrounding the thalamushas been regarded as non-critical for emotion.
Q: The more important contributions to emotions come from the effects of the autonomic nervous system, not muscle activity.
Q: In people with an uncommon condition called pure autonomic failure, output from the autonomic nervous system to the body fails, either completely or almost completely.
Q: The pattern of physiological reactions for each emotion is easily distinguishable by the person who is experiencing them.
Q: According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, we experience physiological changes first and then label these changes as an emotion.
Q: Psychologists typically define emotion in terms of three components.
Q: Discuss some of the effects of stress on the immune system.
Q: Describe the action of the HPA axis during stress.
Q: Describe the role of the human amygdala in emotions.
Q: Describe the role of serotonin synapses in aggressive behavior.
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