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Psychology
Q:
The ____ connects the anterior parts of the cerebral cortex.
a. posterior commissure
b. anterior commissure
c. hippocampal commissure
d. fornix
Q:
People born without a corpus callosum can perform some tasks as do people with a corpus callosum. They can perform these tasks because the:
a. corpus callosum eventually does grow, to a degree.
b. brain's other commissures become larger than usual.
c. two hemispheres communicate magnetically.
d. two hemispheres communicate through the exchange of hormones.
Q:
People born without a corpus callosum are ____ people who have it cut later in life
a. more common than
b. almost similar
c. the same as
d. not like
Q:
UNLIKE adults who have had their corpus callosum cut, children born without a corpus callosum are generally able to:
a. move their hands with better than normal speed and coordination.
b. learn foreign languages more rapidly than intact people can.
c. verbally describe what they feel with the left hand.
d. verbally describe what they feel with the right hand.
Q:
A similarity between a young child and a split-brain patient is that both:
a. show frequent spontaneous changes in personality.
b. have trouble describing what they see through the left eye.
c. have a greater than normal number of back-and-forth eye movements.
d. have trouble comparing what they feel with the two hands at one time.
Q:
Children are asked to feel two fabrics and to determine whether they are the same or different. This is more difficult for ____ children who have to feel the fabrics with ____.
a. younger; the same hand
b. younger; different hands
c. older; the same hand
d. older; different hands
Q:
A 9-week-old child does not reach with the right hand toward an object in the left visual field:
a. until connections are mature enough between the right eye and the brain.
b. because the child cannot maintain balance when the center of gravity moves to one side.
c. until the visual cortex is mature.
d. because the corpus callosum is not yet mature.
Q:
Axons in the corpus callosum will survive to maturity if they make connections with cells in the ____ hemisphere with ____ functions.
a. contralateral; similar
b. contralateral; different
c. ipsilateral; similar
d. ipsilateral; different
Q:
The corpus callosum matures gradually over the first ____ years of human life.
a. 2
b. 20
c. 10
d. 4
Q:
One study using an Etch-A-Sketch toy indicated that children younger than ____ years respond just as fast with two hands as with one.
a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 10
Q:
The corpus callosum matures sufficiently between ages ____ and ____ to facilitate the comparison of stimuli between the two hands.
a. 1,3
b. 8,10
c. 3,5
d. 5,6
Q:
Which of the following tasks would children with the highest ratio of left to right planum temporale perform better than children with an equal ratio?
a. composing music
b. doing a puzzle
c. writing a play
d. riding a bicycle
Q:
The planum temporale is larger in the:
a. right hemisphere for most people.
b. left hemisphere for most people.
c. right hemisphere but only for newborns.
d. left hemisphere but only for newborns.
Q:
The planum temporale is located in the:
a. frontal lobe.
b. parietal lobe.
c. temporal lobe.
d. occipital lobe.
Q:
For a majority of humans, one part of the ____ cortex is larger on the ____ side of the brain than on the opposite side.
a. temporal; right
b. temporal; left
c. occipital; right
d. occipital; left
Q:
A person with left hemispheric dominance for language is asked to tap her index finger as fast as possible for one minute. What difference, if any, would it make if she were talking during the task?
a. Talking would decrease tapping in the right hand more than in the left hand.
b. Talking would decrease tapping in the left hand more than in the right hand.
c. Talking would decrease tapping in both hands equally.
d. Talking typically would not affect the tapping rate of either hand.
Q:
Brain-intact people are more likely to have increased activity in the ____ hemisphere when identifying the small letters (A) and increased activity in the ____ when identifying the overall pattern (X).
A A
A A
A
A A
A A
a. left; right
b. right; left
c. left; left
d. right; right
Q:
People with right-hemisphere damage have particular trouble with tasks that require:
a. understanding sentences with a complex grammatical structure.
b. spatial processing.
c. control of the right hand.
d. memory of recent events.
Q:
Right-hemisphere damage results in deficits with tasks that require:
a. understanding sentences with a complex grammatical structure.
b. memory of recent events.
c. control of the right hand.
d. spatial processing.
Q:
If you were advising the make-up artist for a movie involving a character with a facial disfigurement, where would you suggest the disfigurement be located for the maximum emotional impact on the audience?
a. the upper part of the face
b. the lower part of the face
c. the right side of the face (viewer's left)
d. the left side of the face (viewer's right)
Q:
Following damage to the ____, a patient has a decrease in facial expressions of emotion and decreased understanding of the emotional content of other people's speech.
a. hypothalamus
b. left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
c. right hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
d. occipital lobe on both sides
Q:
Which of the following would most likely be able to accurately detect facial expression of emotions?
a. patients with left-hemisphere damage
b. patients with prefrontal cortex damage
c. patients with right-hemisphere damage
d. patients with damage to the amygdala
Q:
After damage to the right hemisphere, many people suffer what kind of loss?
a. control of the muscles on the right side of the body
b. hunger and thirst
c. ability to remember the names of objects
d. ability to recognize emotional facial expressions
Q:
Damage to the left hemisphere is more likely than right hemisphere damage to impair which ability?
a. understanding the meaning of language
b. understanding that someone is joking when they speak
c. producing facial expressions of emotion
d. understanding other people's facial expressions
Q:
The right hemisphere appears to contribute more than the left hemisphere to the ____ of speech.
a. emotional content
b. semantic content
c. grammatical structure
d. volume
Q:
People who speak with little inflection or expression usually have suffered damage to the:
a. ventromedial spinal pathway.
b. left hemisphere.
c. right hemisphere.
d. corpus callosum.
Q:
Control of the emotional content of speech depends on:
a. the right hemisphere.
b. the left hemisphere.
c. both hemispheres equally.
d. the corpus callosum.
Q:
Researchers believe that the right hemisphere is:
a. the mirror image of the left hemisphere, with the same functions.
b. subordinate to the left hemisphere for all functions.
c. in control of speech.
d. specialized in functions that differ from the left.
Q:
In the typical split-brain person, the left hand is to ____ as the right hand is to ____.
a. picking up objects; pointing at objects
b. pointing at objects; picking up objects
c. writing word; drawing objects
d. drawing objects; writing words
Q:
If a split-brain patient sees the word "sky" in his left visual field and the word "scraper" in his right visual field, which picture will he draw with the left hand?
a. the sky only.
b. the scraper only.
c. a sky and a scraper, separately.
d. a skyscraper.
Q:
Conflicts between the two hemispheres eventually diminish because:
a. brain swelling decreases.
b. the callosum partly reconnects.
c. the left hemisphere suppresses the right hemisphere's interference.
d. the right hemisphere simply takes control for some situations.
Q:
Several months after split-brain surgery, the number of incidents of conflicts between the two hemispheres:
a. diminishes.
b. is unchanged from shortly after the surgery.
c. increases dramatically.
d. increases and then experiences a sharp drop.
Q:
Several months after split-brain surgery, the number of incidents of conflicts between the two hemispheres diminishes because:
a. portions of the corpus callosum grow back.
b. the right hemisphere begins to control all body muscles.
c. the hemispheres learn ways of cooperating with each other.
d. the cerebellum assumes the former functions of the corpus callosum.
Q:
Which self-contradiction occurs in people who have had their corpus callosum cut?
a. saying they are not hungry while eating
b. saying they do not know the answer while pointing it out with the left hand
c. writing with one hand but not being able to write with the other
d. suddenly changing from a manic state to depression
Q:
A patient who can name objects only after seeing them in the right visual field but can point out objects she saw in the left visual field has probably suffered damage to:
a. Wernicke's area.
b. Broca's area.
c. the visual cortex in the right hemisphere.
d. the corpus callosum.
Q:
A split-brain patient who sees something in one visual field and later can point to it with the left hand must:
a. have seen it in the right visual field.
b. have seen it in the left visual field.
c. be able to say what it was.
d. be able to point to it with the right hand, also.
Q:
A split-brain patient who sees something in his left visual field can point to it with the:
a. left hand but cannot name it.
b. right hand but cannot name it.
c. left hand and can name it.
d. right hand and can name it.
Q:
A split-brain patient that was briefly shown an apple in the left visual field and a banana in the right visual field would report having seen:
a. an apple.
b. a banana.
c. neither.
d. both.
Q:
A typical split-brain patient who stares straight ahead CANNOT name something seen:
a. in the right visual field.
b. in the left visual field.
c. with the right eye.
d. with the left eye.
Q:
In order for a split-brain patient to name something, he must see it:
a. with the left eye.
b. with the right eye.
c. in the left visual field.
d. in the right visual field.
Q:
People with damage in parts of ____ speak in a monotone voice.
a. both hemispheres
b. the left hemisphere.
c. the right hemisphere.
d. neither hemisphere.
Q:
Which of the following tasks would split-brain patients be able to perform better than other people?
a. tying their shoes
b. unfamiliar tasks
c. completing an intelligence test
d. using both hands simultaneously to draw separate shapes
Q:
The difficulty that people normally have with being able to perform separate tasks with each hand simultaneously is largely due to:
a. problems with the corpus callosum.
b. difficulty planning two actions at once.
c. inability of the muscles in the left and right hand to work at the same time.
d. epilepsy.
Q:
A split-brain patient sees something in her left visual field, and must reach behind a screen and select the object from a group of objects. She will select the object correctly with:
a. the left hand.
b. the right hand.
c. either hand.
d. neither hand.
Q:
Roger Sperry conducted important research in what field of study?
a. epilepsy
b. the physiological effects of addictive drugs
c. split-brain patients
d. language training for chimpanzees
Q:
Split-brain patients suffer:
a. little or no impairment of overall intellectual performance.
b. a lack of motor control.
c. sensation deficits.
d. memory deficits.
Q:
A split-brain patient is someone who has had their:
a. corpus callosum severed.
b. cerebellum severed.
c. frontal lobe separated from the rest of the cortex.
d. cerebral cortex separated from the rest of the brain.
Q:
Several patients have had their corpus callosum cut surgically as a treatment for severe cases of:
a. schizophrenia.
b. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c. epilepsy.
d. dyslexia.
Q:
Damage to the corpus callosum prevents:
a. hallucinations.
b. release of pituitary hormones.
c. the exchange of information between the two hemispheres.
d. the exchange of information between pre- and postsynaptic membranes.
Q:
The point of origin of an epileptic seizure is called the:
a. scope.
b. target.
c. focus.
d. heart.
Q:
Some drugs that treat epilepsy work by:
a. relaxing the cell membrane.
b. causing apoptosis.
c. preventing the sodium-potassium pump from working.
d. blocking sodium flow across the membrane.
Q:
In general, drugs that treat epilepsy work by:
a. enhancing the effects of GABA.
b. causing apoptosis.
c. preventing the sodium-potassium pump from working.
d. relaxing the cell membrane.
Q:
Generally speaking, drugs used to treat epilepsy work by:
a. enhancing the effects of GABA.
b. causing apoptosis.
c. preventing the sodium-potassium pump from working.
d. relaxing the cell membrane.
Q:
Epilepsy is caused by genes that alter:
a. the arrangement of blood vessels in the brain.
b. acetylcholine levels.
c. GABA receptors.
d. the shapes of astroglia cells.
Q:
Genes that cause epilepsy do so by altering:
a. GABA receptors.
b. acetylcholine levels.
c. the arrangement of blood vessels in the brain.
d. the shapes of astroglia cells.
Q:
The causes of epilepsy:
a. include genetics, trauma, and infections.
b. are limited to infections of the brain.
c. are limited to genetic abnormalities.
d. are limited to emotional stress.
Q:
A condition in which brain neurons have repeated episodes of excessive, synchronized activity is called:
a. dyslexia.
b. epilepsy.
c. hippocampal commissure.
d. Broca's aphasia.
Q:
Some of the axons from the two eyes:
a. cross at the corpus callosum.
b. cross at the optic chiasm.
c. cross at the anterior commissure.
d. do not cross in humans.
Q:
A small vertical strip down the center of each retina connects to:
a. the right hemisphere.
b. the left hemisphere.
c. both hemispheres.
d. neither hemisphere.
Q:
Someone who suffered damage to the visual cortex of the left hemisphere would probably have impaired vision in the:
a. left eye.
b. right eye.
c. left visual field.
d. right visual field.
Q:
Visual stimuli in the left visual field stimulate:
a. the right half of each retina.
b. the left half of each retina.
c. the right hemisphere.
d. both hemispheres.
Q:
Visual stimuli in the right visual field stimulate:
a. the right half of each retina.
b. the left half of each retina.
c. the right hemisphere.
d. both hemispheres.
Q:
The left hemisphere of the human brain receives visual input from the:
a. retina of the left eye.
b. retina of the right eye.
c. left half of each retina.
d. right half of each retina.
Q:
The right hemisphere of the human brain receives visual input from the:
a. retina of the left eye.
b. retina of the right eye.
c. left half of each retina.
d. right half of each retina.
Q:
Damage to the optic nerve after it had crossed in the optic chiasm would result in the loss of vision in the:
a. contralateral eye.
b. ipsilateral eye.
c. contralateral visual field.
d. ipsilateral visual field.
Q:
Damage to the human left optic nerve before it crosses the optic chiasm would result in the loss of vision in the:
a. left eye.
b. right eye.
c. right visual field.
d. left visual field.
Q:
The left hemisphere of the human brain sees the:
a. left visual field.
b. right visual field.
c. left visual field of the left eye and right visual field of the right eye.
d. right visual field of the left eye and left visual field of the right eye.
Q:
In species like rabbits that have their eyes far to the side of the head, which of the following is true?
a. Their left and right eyes send input only to the ipsilateral hemisphere.
b. Their left and right eyes send input only to the opposite hemisphere.
c. Both eyes send input to both hemispheres almost equally.
d. They can only see out of one eye at a time.
Q:
You see the effects of lateralization more readily than normal after damage to:
a. the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
b. the corpus callosum.
c. one or the other eye.
d. the pineal gland.
Q:
Damage to the corpus callosum (or to one hemisphere) results in clear evidence of :
a. hemispherectomy.
b. lateralization.
c. polarization.
d. symmetry.
Q:
Lateralization refers to the:
a. formation of the sulci and gyri in the cortex.
b. functional asymmetries of the brain.
c. slow rate of maturation in forebrain structures.
d. physical changes that occur in neurons as learning takes place.
Q:
What is the name given to the function between the two hemispheres?
a. hemispherectomy
b. lateralization
c. polarization
d. symmetry
Q:
In most humans, control of language is centered in the:
a. left hemisphere.
b. right hemisphere.
c. corpus callosum.
d. cerebellum.
Q:
Most of the information passing from one hemisphere to the other does so by passing through which structure?
a. cerebellum
b. inferior colliculus
c. corpus callosum
d. massa intermedia
Q:
Auditory information is sent to the:
a. ipsilateral hemisphere only.
b. contralateral hemisphere only.
c. ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres equally.
d. contralateral hemisphere more than the ipsilateral hemisphere.
Q:
Which of the following senses sends input only to the ipsilateral hemisphere?
a. hearing
b. vision
c. smell
d. touch
Q:
The left hemisphere is connected to skin receptors mainly on the ____ half of the body, and controls muscles mainly on the ____ side of the body.
a. left; right
b. left; left
c. right; left
d. right; right
Q:
The brain has ____ control of the trunk muscles.
a. ipsilateral
b. contralateral
c. bilateral
d. no
Q:
The brain has ____ control of the facial muscles.
a. ipsilateral
b. contralateral
c. bilateral
d. no
Q:
Damage in the left hemisphere often produces significant neglect of the right side.