Q&A Hero

Q: _____ is an example of an ergonomic centered job analysis method. a. The AET b. Task analysis c. The PAQ d. The Ammerman technique

Q: The ___ is an excellent job analysis method for information about the work environment. a. JCI b. PAQ c. F-JAS d. AET

Q: Which of the following job analysis techniques is NOT a good source of information about competencies? a. CIT b. F-JAS c. AET d. TTA

Q: The ___ is an excellent job analysis method for information about tools and equipment. a. JCI b. PAQ c. F-JAS d. AET

Q: Andre is completing a questionnaire containing over 400 items covering five major categories: tools and equipment, perceptual and physical requirements, mathematical requirements, communication requirements, and decision making and responsibility. Andre is using the: a. Job Components Inventory b. Position Analysis Questionnaire c. Critical Incident Technique d. Threshold Traits Analysis

Q: A revised version of the Position Analysis Questionnaire which is used by a job analystrather than a job incumbent is the: a. Job Structure Profile b. Job Element Inventory c. Job Components Inventory d. AET

Q: ____ is a structured job analysis method containing 194 items and is difficult to read. a. The critical incidents technique b. The PAQ c. The Ammerman technique d. Task analysis

Q: A task statement rated ____ on frequency and ____ on importance would be left out of the job description. a. low / low b. high / high c. high / low d. low / high

Q: Once task statements have been written, the next step is to: a. select tests to tap KSAOs b. determine essential KSAOs c. interview incumbents d. rate the task statements

Q: Creating a list of tasks that are thought to be involved with a job, and having job incumbents rate the tasks on scales such as frequency of occurrence and importance, best defines which job analysis method? a. Task analysis b. Critical incident technique c. Job-element approach d. Ammerman technique

Q: In the task statement, "Types correspondence to be sent to vendors," ____ is the action and ___ is the object. a. correspondence / types b. correspondence / vendors c. types / correspondence d. vendors / types

Q: A problem with the observation method of job analysis is that it is often: a. illegal b. unreliable c. unethical d. obtrusive

Q: A specialized job analysis interview that uses groups and focuses on objectives is: a. critical incidents b. PAQ c. the Ammerman technique d. task analysis

Q: Josh conducted a job analysis by convening a panel of experts and having the panel identify the objectives and standards that are to be met by the ideal incumbent. What method of job analysis is Josh using? a. PAQ b. AET c. Nagy-Reilly Approach d. Ammerman Technique

Q: An excellent group job-analysis interview technique is the: a. task analysis b. Ammerman technique c. brain storming d. Position Analysis Questionnaire

Q: During the job analysis interview, the questions asked should be: a. open ended b. multiple choice c. true-false d. highly structured

Q: Job analysis interviews are conducted to determine: a. who should conduct the job analysis b. who should participate in the job analysis c. information about the job itself d. if a job analysis is even necessary

Q: Which of the following is the most common method of conducting a job analysis? a. Observation b. Task analysis c. Interview d. Job participation

Q: Informal changes that employees make in their jobs is called: a. job crafting b. spontaneous revision c. position alterations d. job reconstruction

Q: If you have a small number of incumbents in a job (6 people), how many should you interview as part of your job analysis? a. all 6 b. 2 c. 4 d. 1

Q: A job analysis is typically conducted by: a. job incumbents b. supervisors c. outside consultants d. the human resource department

Q: According to the author, the section of a job description which contains the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics necessary to be successful on the job is labeled ______; the section containing a list of tasks and activities in which the worker is involved is labeled ________. a. job competencies/ work context b. job competencies / work activities c. work context / work activities d. performance standards / work activities

Q: Which of the following sections in a thorough job description contains what is commonly called job specifications? a. Brief summary b. Performance standards c. Work activities d. Competencies

Q: Knowledge, skill, ability, and personality are types of: a. competencies b. job factors c. job functions d. compensable factors

Q: Which of the following is another name for a job competency? a. Work context b. Job factors c. Training requirements d. KSAOs

Q: Which of the following sections in a thorough job description can be used in help wanted advertisements, internal job posting, and company brochures? a. Job title b. Brief summary c. Work activities d. Work context

Q: Which of the following is not true of job titles? a. Titles should describe the nature of a job b. Job titles can affect perceptions of job status c. Titles provide workers with identity d. All three of these statements are true

Q: _______ was the first real court case that addressed the issue of job relatedness. a. McDonnel Douglas v. Green b. Connecticut v. Teal c. Pan American Airlines v. Diaz d. Griggs v. Duke Power

Q: Which of the following practical uses of job analysis may discover lapses in organizational communication? a. Training b. Personpower planning c. Organizational analysis d. Performance appraisal

Q: Even though the _______ are not law, courts have granted them "great deference." a. Amendments b. APA Principles c. Uniform Guidelines d. Standards and Practice Guidelines

Q: Shahidi Industries has a policy of promoting employees who perform well. Unfortunately, many of the people promoted do not become effective supervisors. Currently there is a crisis because most of the supervisors are getting poor performance reviews. Shahidi Industries seems to be a good example of: a. the Anderson Analog b. the Peter Principle c. personpower planning d. none of the above

Q: Promoting people until they reach their highest level of incompetence is called: a. the Anderson Analog b. the Peter Principle c. personpower planning d. none of these

Q: The _______ is the process of determining the work activities and requirements, and the _______ is the written result. a. job analysis / job description b. job description / job analysis c. job evaluation / job description d. job analysis / job evaluation

Q: Job analysis can serve as a foundation for: a. selecting employees b. training employees c. evaluating employees' performance d. all of these and more

Q: The gathering, analyzing, and structuring of information about a job's components, characteristics, and requirements is a process called: a. task analysis b. job analysis c. surveying d. job description

Q: What are important considerations when choosing a research sample?

Q: What are the differences between ideas, hypotheses, and theories?

Q: What are the three sampling methods listed in the text?

Q: What are the three reasons your book listed for why you should be interested in research?

Q: What are the three major fields of I/O psychology?

Q: In a ______ ethical dilemma, there is a high level of uncertainty as to what is right or wrong. a. rationalizing b. Type A c. type B d. deconstructive

Q: A researcher finds a strong correlation between job satisfaction and performance. What can he conclude from this correlation? a. Satisfaction causes good performance b. Good performance causes job satisfaction c. Satisfaction and performance are related d. He can conclude all three

Q: The use of correlational analysis does not allow you to infer a cause and effect relationship. This is because a third variable, a(n) ______ variable, often accounts for the relationship between the two variables. a. intervening b. nuisance c. confounding d. dependent

Q: If a researcher calculated a correlation coefficient of r = 1.27 between two variables, you would conclude that there is a(n): a. high correlation b. very low correlation c. error in the calculation d. moderately low positive correlation

Q: Which of the following represents the strongest correlation? a. - .05 b. +.45 c. +.10 d. - .47

Q: Significance levels tell us the ______ significance of a study and effect size tells us the _______ of a study. a. statistical / alpha level b. practical / beta level c. practical / statistical significance d. statistical / practical significance

Q: The statistical significance of research results tell us the probability that: a. our results were due to chance b. our results are useful c. our results are biased d. all of these are true

Q: The level of statistical significance that we use in psychology is: a. .01 b. .05 c. .10 d. .50

Q: After all the data have been collected, the results are then: a. filed for future use b. shared between colleagues c. statistically analyzed d. data collection never ends

Q: A teacher wants to see if there are any differences in the test scores of students who take her exam on the computer and those who take her exam the traditional paper and pencil way. Students with an odd digit at the end of their student ID number are required to take her midterm exam on the computer and those with an even digit are required to take a paper and pencil exam. Her study has a _____ sample with _____. a. random / random assignment b. convenience / random assignment c. convenience / nonrandom assignment d. random / nonrandom

Q: Most research in industry uses a ________ sample. a. random b. convenience sample c. free sample d. stratified sample

Q: A _____ implies that each person in the population has an equal chance of being selected. a. random sample b. convenience sample c. random assignment d. convenience assignment

Q: In general, the majority of the research comparing college student samples with actual employee samples conclude that college students behave _______ real world samples. a. similar to b. different than c. No research is available d. The research results are inconsistent

Q: The majority of research in the field of I/O psychology is conducted at universities using students as subjects rather than employees. In fact, college students serve as subjects in approximately ____ percent of all published I/O research. a. 5% b. 50% c. 85% d. 99%

Q: A large research sample is nice to have, however, it may not be necessary if the experimenter can choose a ______ sample and control for many of the ______ variables. a. random / extraneous b. extraneous / random c. representative / nuisance d. homogeneous / confounding

Q: The statistical "averaging" of effect sizes across previous empirical studies defines: a. experimental research b. meta-analysis c. correlational research d. archival research

Q: An effect size (d) of .20 is considered: a. small b. large c. moderate d. significant

Q: Meta-analyses looking at the difference between two groups would use ___ as the effect size whereas meta-analyses looking at the relationship between two variables would use ___ as the effect size. a. d / r b. r / d c. t / d d. t / F

Q: In a meta-analysis conducted to see if a particular training method is better than another, the proper effect size to use would be: a. d b. r c. Z d. t

Q: _______ is a method of reaching conclusions based on the statistical combination of several previous research studies. a. The experimental method b. Quasi-experimental analysis c. Archival research d. Meta-analysis

Q: A researcher sent a survey containing 5 questions to a sample of 500 employees. The wording was easy to understand and the researcher offered a financial incentive yet few employees returned the survey. What might be the reason for this low response? a. The number of questions b. The use of a financial incentive c. The easy-to-understand wording d. None of the three is a reasonable explanation

Q: Which of the following will increase the response rates to mailed surveys? a. Include a monetary incentive b. Keep the survey under 4 pages c. Have a university sponsor the survey d. All will increase response rates

Q: you used an email survey, your results would be representative of the population in terms of: a. sex b. race c. both sex and race d. neither sex nor race

Q: Which of the following survey methods has the lowest response rate? a. Interview b. Email c. Mail d. The three have equal response rates

Q: If I went through my employee files to determine what type of person makes the best employee, I would probably be conducting: a. archival research b. a meta-analysis c. a field study d. an experiment

Q: Which of the following research methods uses previously collected company records? a. Experimental b. Survey c. Archival d. Meta-analysis

Q: _____ research sacrifices external validity for control of extraneous variables whereas_____ research sacrifices the control of extraneous variables for external validity. a. Laboratory / field b. Field / laboratory c. Archival / quasi-experimental d. Quasi-experimental /archival

Q: Even though they lack control, ____ are used due to ____ reasons. a. experiments / ethical b. correlational designs / historical c. archival methods / statistical d. quasi-experiments/ethical & practical

Q: The main difference between a quasi-experiment and an experiment is that the independent variable: a. is manipulated in an experiment b. is manipulated in a quasi-experiment c. has 3 levels in an experiment d. cannot be measured in a quasi-experiment

Q: Researchers at IBM think that employees who get to chose their own working hours will be more satisfied than those who do not. To test this idea, IBM employees at the Dallas facility are told that they can chose their own hours. Six months later, the satisfaction level of employees in the Dallas facility is compared to employees in the Knoxville facility. The employees in the Knoxville facility are considered the: a. dependent variable b. control group c. experimental group d. independent variable

Q: In an experiment designed to test the effect of noise on employee performance, noise is the ______ and employee performance is the ______. a. dependent variable/independent variable b. dependent variable / control variable c. independent variable/dependent variable d. control variable / dependent variable

Q: Manipulating the _____ best distinguishes experimental research methods from other research methods. a. dependent variable b. intervening variable c. statistical results d. independent variable

Q: The variable that we expect to change as a result of our manipulation is called the: a. independent variable b. dependent variable c. intervening variable d. control variable

Q: The variable that is manipulated in an experiment is the ________ variable. a. independent b. dependent c. intervening d. control

Q: Which of the following research methods can determine a cause and effect relationship? a. Correlational method b. Quasi-experimental method c. Archival method d. Experimental method

Q: The most powerful research method is the: a. correlational method b. quasi-experimental method c. archival method d. experimental method

Q: To ensure ethical treatment of subjects, universities have: a. institutional review boards b. the APA closely monitor every study c. witnesses during experiments d. All of these are true

Q: To ensure that subjects are participating in a study of their own free will, researchers must obtain : a. permission from the APA b. a writ of mandamus from the participant c. informed consent from the participant d. a valid control group

Q: What field research gains in _______ it loses in _______. a. control / external validity b. power / control c. internal validity / power d. external validity / control

Q: Which of the following contain articles usually written by professional writers who have little expertise in a given field? a. Journals b. Magazines and journals c. Magazines d. None of these is correct