Q&A Hero

Q: Vitamin D produced in the skin may function as a hormone.

Q: By affecting the diameter of cutaneous blood vessels, motor nerve fibers in the skin can regulate the rate of blood flow.

Q: ____________ attach skeletal muscles to bones. A. Ligaments B. Cartilages C. Tendons D. Adipocytes

Q: Osteocytes are found within A. canaliculi. B. dentin. C. lamellae. D. lacunae.

Q: What feature is the main characteristic of connective tissue? A. large amount of closely packed cells B. large amount of extracellular material C. the ability to conduct a current D. small amount of extracellular material

Q: Tendons are composed of A. adipose tissue. B. dense regular fibrous connective tissue. C. dense irregular fibrous connective tissue. D. loose connective tissue.

Q: What protein is present in large amounts in connective tissue proper? A. collagen B. keratin C. enamel D. mucin

Q: Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue? A. blood B. cartilage C. neuroglia D. bone

Q: Which type of connective tissue is characterized by a liquid extracellular matrix? A. bone B. blood C. adipose D. irregular dense connective tissue

Q: Bone-forming cells are known as A. osteocytes. B. osteoblasts. C. osteons. D. chondrocytes.

Q: Fat is a type of connective tissue.

Q: Cartilage cells are known as A. osteocytes. B. osteoblasts. C. osteons. D. chondrocytes.

Q: Units of bone composed of concentric rings of lamellae with their trapped osteocytes are called A. canaliculi. B. osteons. C. haversian systems. D. Both osteons and haversian systems.

Q: Clusters of cells in exocrine glands are termed A. goblet cells. B. acini (acinar) cells. C. islet cells. D. reticular cells.

Q: Thermoregulation directly involves A. apocrine sweat glands. B. endocrine glands. C. eccrine sweat glands. D. sebaceous glands.

Q: Enamel, which is harder than bone or dentin, cannot be regenerated.

Q: Sebaceous glands are responsible for the lubrication of the skin.

Q: One exocrine function of the skin is the synthesis and secretion of melanin from the sebaceous glands.

Q: _______________ glands secrete chemicals through a duct that leads to the outside of a membrane. A. Endocrine Exocrine

Q: All glands that secrete into the digestive tract are A. endocrine. B. exocrine. C. sebaceous glands. D. both endocrine and exocrine.

Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of an exocrine gland? A. mucous gland that secretes onto respiratory passages B. sweat gland that secretes onto the skin C. salivary gland that secretes into the mouth D. testes cells that secrete testosterone into the blood

Q: Histological examination of a membrane shows several layers of keratinized flattened cells. This sample most likely came from A. the epidermis of the skin. B. the lining of the oral cavity. C. the lining of the urinary bladder. D. the lining of the digestive tract.

Q: Which type of epithelial membrane would be found lining the uterine tubes? A. simple ciliated columnar epithelium B. stratified cuboidal epithelium C. nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium D. simple cuboidal epithelium

Q: Specialized unicellular glands found in columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelium that secrete mucus are A. cilia. B. keratin. C. transitional cells. D. goblet cells.

Q: A single layer of irregularly shaped epithelial cells found lining the respiratory tract is called A. simple columnar epithelium. B. stratified cuboidal epithelium. C. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. D. transitional epithelium.

Q: The primary structural protein of basement membranes is A. keratin. B. collagen C. melanin. D. myosin.

Q: Specialized epithelial cells that line the urinary bladder that allow distention are called A. transitional epithelium. B. stratified cuboidal epithelium. C. simple columnar epithelium. D. nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Q: The lining of the stomach is renewed every A. 2-3 days. B. 2 weeks. C. 2-3 hours. D. 2 months.

Q: The entire epidermis is replaced every A. 2-3 days. B. 2 weeks. C. 2-3 hours. D. 2 months.

Q: Epithelial tissue will bleed profusely when cut.

Q: Which of the following is a function of simple squamous epithelium? A. protection B. diffusion C. distention D. transport through ciliary action

Q: Bacteria are responsible for the characteristic body odor of apocrine sweat.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a function of neuroglia? A. bind neurons together B. help nourish neurons C. conduct impulses to effectors D. modify the extracellular environment of neurons

Q: Transitional epithelium consists of a single layer of rounded, nonkeratinized cells which function to strengthen luminal walls.

Q: Epithelial membranes cover body surfaces and line the cavity of organs.

Q: Stratified epithelial membranes provide little protection but transport substances between the internal and external environments.

Q: Membranes can be formed by ____________ tissue. A. nervous B. muscular C. neuroglial D. epithelial

Q: Cells that are as wide as they are tall have a(n) ____________ shape. A. squamous B. cuboidal C. columnar D. rectangular

Q: The ____________ is a protein and polysaccharide layer that attaches epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue. A. goblet cell B. epidermis C. basement membrane D. plasma membrane

Q: What kind of connections allow epithelial cells to form strong membranes? A. basement membranes B. intercalated discs C. junctional complexes D. keratinized

Q: Keratinized epithelium A. has living cells in all layers. B. is a moist membrane. C. allows water to diffuse through. D. is a dry, mostly dead membrane.

Q: Epithelial membranes that are more than one layer thick are called A. simple. B. stratified. C. squamous. D. ciliated.

Q: These muscle cells do NOT have a striated appearance. A. skeletal muscle cells B. smooth muscle cells C. cardiac muscle cells D. both smooth muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells

Q: Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle? A. The cells are branched. B. These cells are attached to skeletal bones by tendons. C. Intercalated discs connect adjacent cells. D. These cells are found in the digestive tract.

Q: Nervous tissue is specialized to produce and conduct electrical impulses.

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the three main parts of a neuron? A. dendrites B. cell body C. neurofibrils D. axon

Q: Neuroglial cells are supporting cells present in the A. brain. B. spinal cord. C. effector organs. D. Both the brain and spinal cord.

Q: The highly branched extensions of a neuron whose function is to receive input from other neurons or receptor cells are called A. dendrites. B. axons. C. cell bodies. D. glia.

Q: All skeletal muscles cause movement of the skeleton.

Q: Contraction of ____________ muscle can be consciously controlled. A. cardiac B. smooth C. skeletal

Q: Intercalated discs couple ________ cells both mechanically and electrically. A. smooth muscle B. myocardial C. skeletal muscle D. both myocardial and skeletal muscle

Q: _______________ is a series of wavelike contractions of circular and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle that push food from one end of the digestive tract to the other. A. Peristalsis B. Locomotion C. Negative feedback inhibition D. A graded contraction

Q: If blood glucose levels decrease from normal, which of the following changes takes place to bring glucose levels back to normal? A. increase in insulin - increase in glucagon B. increase in insulin - decrease in glucagon C. decrease in insulin - increase in glucagon D. decrease in insulin - decrease in glucagon

Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of positive feedback? A. LH surge B. labor contractions C. blood glucose maintenance D. blood clotting

Q: Tissues are groups of cells that have similar functions.

Q: Organs involved in carrying out related functions are grouped into systems.

Q: Organs are comprised of groupings of the four primary tissues into structural and functional units.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a primary tissue of the body? A. nervous B. epithelium C. muscular D. osseous

Q: Muscle found in association with blood vessels would be striated.

Q: Intercalated discs would be found in muscles attached to the skeleton.

Q: Myofibers are formed from fused myoblasts and thus each of these muscle cells is actually a syncytium.

Q: Negative feedback is NOT involved in the regulation of A. body temperature. B. blood glucose concentrations. C. blood calcium concentrations. D. blood clotting.

Q: The control of hormone secretion by its own effects is called A. positive feedback. B. negative feedback. C. negative feedback inhibition. D. antagonist effector.

Q: The primary stimulus for insulin secretion is A. increased blood glucose concentrations. B. increased blood calcium concentrations. C. increased body temperature. D. increased exposure to sunlight.

Q: ____________ and ____________ are often regulators of effectors in most feedback loops. A. Enzymes, neurotransmitters B. Hormones, neurotransmitters C. Nerves, enzymes D. Hormones, nerves E. Enzymes, hormones

Q: Endocrine glands secrete ____________ in response to specific stimuli. A. enzymes B. hormones C. water D. mucus

Q: _________________ homeostatic regulatory mechanisms are "built-in" to the organs being regulated. A. Intrinsic B. Extrinsic C. Exothermic D. Passive

Q: The endocrine and nervous systems are considered _________ homeostatic regulatory mechanisms. A. intrinsic B. active C. extrinsic D. passive

Q: Insulin is secreted from structures called A. pancreatic islets. B. sebaceous glands. C. apocrine glands. D. intercalated discs.

Q: A decrease in mean arterial pressure is detected by A. an effector. B. an integrating center. C. a sensor. D. a chemical messenger.

Q: In positive feedback mechanisms, the action of an effector is A. unchanged. B. increased. C. decreased. D. decreased, then increased.

Q: The nervous and immune systems are primarily involved in maintaining homeostasis.

Q: Homeostasis is best thought of as being a state of A. constant fluctuation. B. stasis. C. dynamic constancy. D. inconsistency.

Q: Endocrine gland secretion is often controlled by the nervous system.

Q: The secretion of many hormones is regulated through negative feedback inhibition.

Q: Homeostasis is best described as a static, unchanging state of the internal environment.

Q: ____________ mg/100 ml is the approximate normal range of blood glucose concentration after fasting. A. 0 to 80 B. 50 to 150 C. 75 to 110 D. 90 to 120

Q: The normal range of arterial blood pH is A. 6.50-7.50. B. 7.35-7.45. C. 6.95-7.05. D. 7.15-7.25.

Q: An integrating center sends information to a(n) A. sensor. B. effector. C. brain region. D. thermostat.

Q: The endocrine regulation of blood glucose concentration is an example of a(n) A. antagonistic effector. B. positive feedback loop. C. negative feedback loop. D. Both antagonistic effector and negative feedback loop are correct.