Q&A Hero

Q: Protein carrier mediated transport of molecules display A. specificity. B. competition. C. saturation. D. All apply.

Q: The transport maximum is related to the property known as A. competition. B. saturation. C. specificity. D. inhibition.

Q: Glucose entry into the cell is by facilitated diffusion.

Q: Facilitated diffusion is unable to transport molecules against a concentration gradient.

Q: The glucose carrier of skeletal muscle is designated as A. GLUT2. B. GLUTSk. C. GLUT4. D. GLUT5.

Q: Facilitated diffusion of a molecule into a cell would be more rapid if A. the concentration of the molecule in the cell increased. B. the concentration of water in the cell decreased. C. the concentration of the molecule outside the cell increased. D. the cell was isotonic.

Q: Which of the following is NOT true of hypoglycemia? A. It can result in death. B. It may be due to diabetes. C. It is characterized by high plasma glucose levels. D. It can result in death AND it may be due to diabetes.

Q: Glucose transported via the GLUT carrier is characterized as A. active transport. B. passive transport. C. co-transport. D. receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Q: Where are GLUT carriers located in an unstimulated muscle? A. in the plasma membrane facing the external environment B. in the plasma membrane facing the internal environment C. within cytoplasmic vesicles D. There are no GLUT carriers present.

Q: Active transport proteins are often regulated by phosphorylation.

Q: A 0.1 Osm plasma sample would A. stimulate the action of osmoreceptors. B. be hypertonic to the cells. C. stimulate an increase in blood volume. D. inhibit the release of antidiuretic hormone.

Q: Which of the following is NOT true of a person who is dehydrated? A. plasma osmolality increases B. hypothalamus stimulates release of ADH C. ADH causes the kidneys to excrete water D. increased osmolality causes thirst

Q: A cell placed in a 9% saline solution (molecular weight = 58.5g) would A. lyse. B. crenate. C. not change. D. swell.

Q: The amount of water in a cell placed in a 0.8 Osm solution would decrease. B. increase. C. remain constant.

Q: Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will A. decrease in volume. B. increase intracellular solute concentration. C. increase in volume. D. lose water to the solution.

Q: What type of intravenous fluid would be given to reduce edema? hypertonic B. isotonic C. hypotonic

Q: Cerebral edema would be treated with a(an) ___________ intravenous solution of mannitol. hypertonic B. hypotonic C. isotonic

Q: A solution freezing at -1.98 C A. is hypotonic to plasma. B. is isotonic to plasma. C. is hypertonic to plasma. D. is not related to plasma.

Q: Osmoreceptors are involved in the regulation of blood volume.

Q: Antidiuretic hormone is released by the posterior pituitary in response to increased plasma osmolality.

Q: ___________ g of sucrose (molecular weight = 342g) would be added to 1L of water to produce a 2.5 Osm solution. A. 342 B. 500 C. 855 D. 2.5

Q: One mole of solute per liter depresses the freezing point of water by -1.86 C.

Q: Plasma freezes at A. -1.86 C. B. -1.00 C. C. -0.56 C. D. 0.00 C.

Q: The osmolality of plasma is A. 0.3 Osm. B. 0.1 Osm. C. 1.0 Osm. D. 2.0 Osm.

Q: Freezing-point depression is a measure of osmolality.

Q: A solution with an osmolality four times greater than plasma would freeze at __________. A. -0.56 C. B. -1.12 C. C. -1.68 C. D. -2.24 C.

Q: Hypertonic solutions stimulate cellular lysis.

Q: A 10% dextrose solution is isotonic to plasma.

Q: A six molar sucrose (molecular weight = 342g) solution would contain A. 57g sucrose per liter. B. 342g sucrose per liter. C. 1026g sucrose per liter. D. 2052g sucrose per liter.

Q: A one molal NaCl solution has the same osmolality as a one molal glucose solution.

Q: Diffusion is more rapid in cells with microvilli compared to cells lacking microvilli.

Q: The rate of diffusion is influenced by A. the concentration gradient. B. membrane permeability. C. membrane surface area. D. All apply.

Q: Solutes that cannot freely pass through a membrane are said to be A. hypertonic. B. osmotically inactive. C. osmotically active. D. selectively permeable.

Q: Which of the following cells do NOT normally have many aquaporins in their plasma membranes? A. kidneys B. lungs C. salivary glands D. skin

Q: Because the kidneys are so important for water balance, the plasma membranes of kidney cells have many permanent aquaporins.

Q: The osmotic pressure exerted by a cell would decrease if the cell synthesized more proteins.

Q: Edema will result if a person has an abnormally low concentration of plasma proteins.

Q: The osmotic pressure of a solution is directly related to its ___________ concentration. A. water B. solute C. solvent D. matrix

Q: Osmotic pressure is a measure of the force needed to A. open aquaporins. B. cause osmosis. C. stop osmosis. D. stop edema.

Q: A one molar solution would contain 6.02 1023 molecules of solute.

Q: A 0.5M glucose (molecular weight = 180g) contains ____________ grams of glucose per liter. A. 90 B. 180 C. 6.02 1023 D. 360

Q: Ion channels that can be opened by physiological stimuli are said to be A. polar. B. aquaporins. C. hypertonic. D. gated.

Q: How do small ions like Na+ of K+ pass through the plasma membrane? A. gated channels B. ion channels C. carrier proteins D. simple diffusion

Q: The rate of diffusion increases as the concentration gradient increases.

Q: A solution consists of a ____________ which dissolves the ____________. A. solvent, solute B. solvent, solid C. solute, solvent D. liquid, solid

Q: Dialysis uses the process of A. facilitated diffusion. B. primary active transport. C. simple diffusion. D. secondary active transport.

Q: Gas exchange between the cells and extracellular fluid utilizes active transport.

Q: Hydrophobic molecules usually enter a cell via __________. A. osmosis B. active transport C. diffusion D. protein channels

Q: Individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis have defective ____________ ion channels. A. sodium B. potassium C. calcium D. chloride

Q: Channels present in the membranes of some cells that allow rapid movement of water are called A. water tubes. B. aqueducts. C. aquaporins. D. streams.

Q: Which of the following is able to passively penetrate the plasma membrane? A. O2 B. small charged particles C. large polar molecules D. All apply.

Q: Active transport proceeds when energy is expended.

Q: ____________________ is a term which describes a membrane that allows only certain molecules to pass through it. A. Selectively permeable B. Permeable C. Porous D. Countertransport

Q: ____________ transport does not require membrane proteins. A. Facilitated diffusion B. Bulk C. Simple diffusion D. Active

Q: Passive transport of water is known as A. filtration. B. osmosis. C. facilitated diffusion. D. a water pump.

Q: Active transport A. utilizes energy. B. cannot transport molecules against a concentration gradient. C. cannot be saturated. D. requires cofactors.

Q: Simple diffusion is the net diffusion of a solvent.

Q: Diffusion ____________ the entropy of a solution. A. decreases increases C. does not change

Q: Why are cells in body organs generally within 100 mm of a blood capillary? A. to decrease mean diffusion time B. to increase mean diffusion time C. so that larger particles can diffuse more easily D. a larger distance maximizes entropy

Q: The process in which waste molecules are removed from the blood by having them diffuse through an artificial porous membrane is called dialysis.

Q: What structures affect cell motility, adhesion, and proliferation? A. basal lamina B. integrins C. collagen IV D. proteoglycans

Q: Osmosis and simple diffusion do NOT require the actions of carrier proteins.

Q: How much of the total body water content is in the intracellular compartment? A. 50% B. 67% C. 33% D. 80%

Q: The majority of water within the body is found in the A. intracellular compartment. B. extracellular compartment. C. blood plasma. D. interstitial fluid.

Q: How much of the extracellular fluid comes from blood plasma? A. 33% B. 92% C. 20% D. 50%

Q: The extracellular matrix is made up of collagen, elastin, and a gel-like ground substance.

Q: ___________________ comprise an important family of enzymes that can break down extracellular matrix proteins but require a zinc ion cofactor. A. Matrix metallohydrolases B. Matrix phosphokinases C. Matrix metalloproteinases D. None apply.

Q: What cofactor do matrix metalloproteinases need to be functional? A. calcium B. copper C. chromium D. zinc

Q: ________ are a class of glycoproteins that bind to components in the extracellular matrix thereby acting as adhesion molecules between cells and the matrix. A. Glycocalyces B. Aquaporins C. Desmosomes D. Integrins

Q: Matrix metalloproteinases A. produce the basal lamina. B. synthesize collagen in the extracellular matrix. C. may be active in invasive cancer cells. D. synthesize proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix.

Q: Proteins that extend from the cytoskeleton within the cell, through the plasma membrane, and into the extracellular matrix are A. lysosomal proteins. B. metallo proteins. C. receptor proteins. D. integrin proteins.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a function of integrins? A. glue components of the matrix B. communicate between the intracellular and extracellular compartments C. allow diffusion to occur through the plasma membrane D. establish cell polarity

Q: Anaerobic respiration metabolism is triggered when the ratio of ______________ falls below a critical level. A. carbon dioxide supply to oxygen need B. oxygen supply to glucose need C. glucose supply to glucose need D. oxygen supply to oxygen need

Q: To form lactic acid from pyruvic acid it is necessary to have A. NAD. B. FAD. C. NADH. D. FADH.

Q: 80% of the extracellular fluid is termed as interstitial fluid.

Q: Interstitial fluid is made from blood plasma and returns to blood plasma.

Q: Lactic acid is the result of LDH (lactic acid dehydrogenase) mediated __________ of pyruvic acid with electrons taken from NADH + H+. A. oxidation B. reduction C. phosphorylation D. hydrolysis

Q: Anaerobic respiration metabolism regenerates the ______________ required for glycolysis. A. NAD B. FAD C. ATP D. GTP

Q: ______________ cells normally produce ATP exclusively by anaerobic respiration metabolism. A. Red blood B. White blood C. Skin D. Nerve

Q: ______________ normally produce ATP by aerobic respiration. A. Red blood cells B. Cardiac muscle cells C. Skeletal muscle cells D. Skin cells