Q&A Hero

Psychology

Q: What structure separates the frontal and parietal lobes? A. corpus callosum B. central sulcus C. lateral sulcus D. longitudinal fissure
Q: A raised area on the cerebral cortex is a A. sulcus. B. fissure. C. gyrus. D. mirror neuron.
Q: What condition may be partly caused by impairment of mirror neuron function? A. Alzheimer's disease B. autism spectrum disorder C. Parkinson's disease D. epilepsy
Q: What type of neurons aid in imitating, understanding intentions and behaviors of others, and having empathy with the emotions of others? A. sensory neurons B. motor neurons C. association neurons D. mirror neurons
Q: Mirror neurons are found in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and Broca's motor speech area; and are connected to the limbic system through the insula.
Q: __________________ is a technique for visualizing brain region activity indirectly by detecting increases in blood oxygen levels. A. Computed tomography B. Electroencephalogram C. Functional magnetic resonance imaging D. Positron emission tomography
Q: Brain metabolism may be best studied by A. electroencephalography. B. computed tomography. C. magnetic resonance imaging. D. positron-emission tomography.
Q: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses ______________ as its basis for producing images. A. x-rays B. gamma rays C. spinning protons D. electrical currents
Q: Which imaging technique uses magnetic fields produced by postsynaptic electric currents to produce an image? A. EEG B. fMRI C. MEG D. PET
Q: Damage to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum would limit A. voluntary skeletal muscle contraction. B. integration of cerebral activities. C. hearing. D. vision.
Q: Which area of the brain contains neural stem cells that are apparently important in learning and memory? A. arcuate fasciculus B. subgranular zone of the hippocampus C. temporal lobe D. cerebral cortex
Q: Neural stem cells from the subventricular zone are important in the renewal of _______ neurons. A. visual B. gustatory C. olfactory D. auditory
Q: Neurogenesis is the formation of new ______________ from neural stem cells. A. ependymal cells B. astrocytes C. neurons D. All apply.
Q: Communication between the cerebrum and cerebellum is facilitated by the corpus callosum.
Q: Damage to the parietal lobe of the cerebrum would impair somatesthetic interpretation.
Q: Visual inputs are interpreted on the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.
Q: Which of the following is the correct list of the lobes of the cerebrum? A. insula, temporal, parietal, pons, occipital B. temporal, frontal, insula, cerebellum, occipital C. frontal, parietal, temporal, insula, occipital D. cerebrum, midbrain, thalamus, pons, medulla oblongata
Q: The ____________ is a cerebral lobe that is involved in memory and integration of sensory information (mostly pain) with visceral responses. A. temporal B. frontal C. parietal D. insula
Q: The largest body regions have the largest areas of the cerebral cortex.
Q: Which of the following statements is true of the cerebral cortex? A. Sensations from the feet would be on the most inferior area of the somatesthetic cortex. B. Areas of the body with the greatest density of receptors will have larger areas on the somatesthetic cortex. C. The hands have a very small area on the motor cortex. D. The left side of the motor cortex controls muscles on the left side of the body.
Q: Neural crest cells differentiate into A. the telencephalon. B. the red nucleus. C. the basal nuclei. D. peripheral nervous system ganglia.
Q: The function of ____________ neurons is to link sensory stimuli with the appropriate motor responses. A. bipolar B. association C. motor D. pseudounipolar
Q: _________% of total blood flow to the body per minute goes to the brain. A. 15 B. 20 C. 25 D. 30
Q: The brain ventricles are remnants of the hollow neural tube.
Q: Neural stem cells in adult mammalian brains are found in the A. cerebral cortex. B. subventricular zone. C. midbrain. D. subgranular zone. E. both the subventricular and subgranular zones.
Q: Destruction of the embryonic ____________ will prevent formation of the nervous system. A. ectoderm B. mesoderm C. endoderm D. mesoglia
Q: In the cerebrum, the _________ matter is generally superficial and the _______ matter is deep. A. white, gray gray, white
Q: The cerebral cortex is made up of both gray and white matter.
Q: Gray matter is found only in the cerebral cortex.
Q: The midbrain forms from the A. telencephalon. B. mesencephalon. C. myelencephalon. D. diencephalon.
Q: The cerebellum forms from the A. telencephalon. B. metencephalon. C. myelencephalon. D. diencephalon.
Q: Cerebrospinal fluid is found A. within the central canal. B. within the ventricles. C. within the olfactory bulbs. D. both within the central canal and within the ventricles.
Q: Nerves that serve the arm come from the _______ plexus. A. cervical B. brachial C. lumbar D. sacral
Q: Nerves that serve the leg come from the A. sacral plexus. B. brachial plexus. C. lumbar plexus. D. both the sacral and lumbar plexuses.
Q: What is the first structure of a reflex arc? A. effector (muscles or glands) B. receptor C. sensory neuron D. motor neuron
Q: A reflex arc requires intervention from the brain for a response.
Q: The neural tube and neural crest cells are of endodermal origin.
Q: The forebrain develops into the telencephalon and the diencephalon.
Q: Damage to the white matter of the brain would prevent transmission of information between nuclei.
Q: __________ innervate muscles and glands. A. Sensory neurons B. Ganglia C. Motor neurons D. Association neurons
Q: Reflex arcs A. require the actions of the brain. B. do not utilize somatic motor nerves. C. generally rely on the actions of the hypothalamus. D. may have a single synapse.
Q: Which cranial nerve is NOT involved with eye movements? A. optic B. oculomotor C. abducens D. trochlear
Q: The facial nerve is the major sensory nerve from the face.
Q: Which cranial nerve allows one to make facial expressions and secrete tears? A. trigeminal B. glossopharyngeal C. hypoglossal D. facial
Q: Cell bodies of motor neurons are found within the dorsal root ganglia.
Q: There are ___ pairs of cranial nerves and ____ pairs of spinal nerves. A. 15, 31 B. 31, 12 C. 12, 31 D. 12, 25
Q: If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were to be cut, the individual would A. have no motor responses for that nerve. B. have no sensory perception from that nerve. C. have no reflexes involving that nerve. D. Both have no sensory perception from that nerve and have no reflexes involving that nerve are correct.
Q: All cranial and spinal nerves are mixed.
Q: Which of the following spinal nerve groups is incorrect? A. cervical - 7 B. thoracic - 12 C. lumbar - 5 D. sacral - 5
Q: Pyramidal tracts begin at the motor cortex of the frontal lobe and synapse in the medulla before descending the spinal cord.
Q: Which tracts are NOT part of the extrapyramidal motor tracts? A. vestibulospinal B. corticospinal C. rubrospinal D. reticulospinal
Q: Damage to cranial nerve IX would impair swallowing.
Q: The inability to chew would be associated with damage to the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.
Q: A cranial nerve with only sensory fibers is the A. hypoglossal nerve. B. vestibulocochlear nerve. C. vagus nerve. D. trigeminal nerve.
Q: Eye movements would be compromised by A. damage to the trochlear nerve. B. damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve. C. damage to the vagus nerve. D. damage to the accessory nerve.
Q: Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT purely sensory? A. trochlear B. optic C. olfactory D. vestibulocochlear
Q: Which cranial nerve is vital for the functioning of the visceral organs? A. abducens B. glossopharyngeal C. hypoglossal D. vagus
Q: The extrapyramidal tracts A. arise in the cerebral cortex. B. always cross in the spinal cord. C. originate in the brainstem. D. are responsible for reflex generation ofa Babinski sign.
Q: The spinal cord begins at the foramen magnum and ends at the hip.
Q: In the spinal cord, the gray matter is on the _____ and the white matter is on the ___. A. outside, inside inside, outside
Q: In the spinal cord, the gray matter is arranged into _____ and the white matter is arranged into ______. A. columns, horns B. funiculi, tracts C. horns, funiculi D. tracts, funiculi
Q: The spinocerebellar tract would carry information from sensory receptors to the cerebral cortex.
Q: Sensory impulses associated with crude touch and pressure are transmitted by the posterior spinocerebellar tracts to the thalamus.
Q: Sensory impulses for fine touch, precise pressures, and body movement are carried by the _____ tracts. A. anterior spinothalamic B. posterior spinocerebellar C. lateral spinothalamic D. fasciculi cuneatus and gracilis
Q: The reticulospinal tracts are the major descending pathways of the pyramidal system.
Q: Descending tracts carry motor impulses from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord.
Q: A positive Babinski sign in adults indicates damage to the pyramidal motor tracts.
Q: Nerve fibers of the ___________ tract decussate in the spinal cord and are involved in regulating fine motor movements. A. tectospinal B. anterior spinothalamic C. lateral corticospinal D. anterior corticospinal
Q: Most corticospinal tracts decussate in the A. midbrain. B. basal nuclei. C. medulla oblongata. D. spinal cord.
Q: The right side of the brain controls motor activity on the left side of the body because nerve tracts decussate in the A. pons. B. midbrain. C. thalamus. D. medulla oblongata.
Q: Which of the following RAS neurotransmitters stimulates the cerebral cortex for wakefulness? A. dopamine B. GABA C. norepinephrine D. Both dopamine and norepinephrine are correct.
Q: What condition is caused by a sudden failure of the RAS? A. narcolepsy B. Parkinson's disease C. Alzheimer's disease D. insomnia
Q: Neurons of the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) of the hypothalamus release _______ that promotes sleep. A. GABA B. acetylcholine C. dopamine D. histamine
Q: Which of the following is NOT required to coordinate movement? A. cerebellum B. thalamus C. basal nuclei D. motor cortex
Q: The inability to reach out and touch an object with control and accuracy may result from damage to the A. pons. B. cerebrum. C. cerebellum. D. midbrain.
Q: Ataxia is often associated with A. damage to the motor cortex. B. damage to the cerebellum. C. damage to the pyramidal tracts. D. damage to the occipital lobe.
Q: What type of cerebellar cells provide communication to other brain areas? A. Purkinje cells B. reticular cells C. supraoptic cells D. pyramidal cells
Q: The medulla oblongata A. contains numerous vital centers. B. contains the facial nuclei. C. acts only as a relay center. D. is the most advanced region of the brain.
Q: Which of the following is NOT a vital function of the medulla oblongata? A. vasomotor control B. cardiac control C. thirst control D. respiratory control
Q: Gliotransmitters A. include calcium ions. B. can stimulate neurons. C. form the blood-brain barrier. D. break down ATP.
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