Q&A Hero

Q: The "buffy coat" is made up of thrombocytes and leukocytes.

Q: Veins carry blood away from the heart.

Q: The capillaries' function is exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes with the tissues.

Q: Dark red colored blood would be found in A. arteries. B. veins. C. heart. D. capillaries.

Q: Which of the following is NOT true of venous blood? A. moves toward the heart B. always has lower oxygen content C. is a dark red color D. All apply

Q: How much blood does the average-sized adult have? A. 2 liters B. 4 liters C. 5 liters D. 7 liters

Q: A normal hematocrit for women would be A. 30%. B. 40%. C. 48%. D. 52%.

Q: How does the circulatory system provide protection for the body? A. prevents blood loss through clotting B. leukocytes fight infection C. provides the body's immunity D. All apply

Q: Interstitial fluid is derived from A. lymph. B. cells. C. plasma. D. formed elements.

Q: Functions of the lymphatic system include all of the following EXCEPT A. transport of interstitial fluid. B. transport of absorbed fat. C. providing immunological defense. D. transport of absorbed peptides.

Q: Which of the following is a difference between veins and lymphatic vessels? A. three layers of cells B. valves C. lymph nodes D. peristaltic waves of contraction

Q: Excessive protein and fluid in interstitial tissue is called lymphedema.

Q: Lymphatic vessels form a complete, closed circuit around the body.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a lymphatic organ? A. tonsils B. lymph nodes C. thymus D. spleen

Q: The circulatory system helps to maintain normal body temperature.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a transportation function of the circulatory system? A. carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide B. carrying metabolic waste C. carrying leukocytes D. carrying absorbed products of digestion

Q: The circulatory system provides regulation through A. clotting. B. hormones. C. immunity. D. blood gases.

Q: In a complete AV node block, A. no signals pass into the ventricles. B. the atria will be paced by the SA node. C. the ventricles contract due to the Purkinje fiber pacemaker. D. All of the choices are correct.

Q: Ventricular fibrillation A. occurs when the ventricles contract in a rapid, coordinated manner. B. is not life threatening. C. often occurs due to circus rhythms. D. is induced by defibrillators.

Q: Damage to the AV node could cause A. the absence of the T wave on an ECG. B. multiple Q waves on an ECG. C. multiple T waves on an ECG. D. multiple P waves on an ECG.

Q: Sudden death from cardiac arrhythmia culminates in asystole.

Q: A continual recycling of electrical waves through the myocardium is called A. circus rhythm. B. atrial flutter. C. asystole. D. SA node block.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a cause of circus rhythm? A. damage to the myocardium B. certain cells coming out of the refractory period too quickly C. shortened myocardial cells D. an electrical shock in the middle of a T wave

Q: The __________ drains lymph into the left subclavian vein. A. left lymphatic duct B. common lymphatic duct C. thoracic duct D. subclavian duct

Q: The lymphatic system can help cancer _________ since cancer cells may enter, circulate, and later exit porous lymphatic capillaries. A. treatment B. reversion C. metastasize D. lymphedema

Q: A(n) ________________ is a device that is implanted into a pectoral subcutaneous pocket that delivers shocks to the heart when ventricular fibrillation is detected. A. implantable converter-defibrillator B. ischemic defibrillator C. atrial defibrillator D. myocardial defibrillator

Q: 0.12 to 0.20 second is the duration of the _________ in a normal heart. A. diastole B. QRS wave C. Q-T interval D. P-R interval

Q: The first anatomical change associated with atherosclerosis is the appearance of A. monocytes. B. blood clots. C. fatty streaks. D. fibroblasts.

Q: Increased circulating lactate dehydrogenase may indicate that a myocardial infarction has occurred within the past week.

Q: Diets promoting cardiovascular health contain no more than ______________ of total calories as fat. A. 30% B. 0% C. 50% D. 20%

Q: Ischemic heart disease causes ______________ on the ECG. A. no P wave B. no QRS complex C. S-T depression D. inverted P waves

Q: The structure of a __________ includes a core of nonpolar triglycerides and cholesterol esters coated by proteins, phospholipids, and some free cholesterol. A. lipoprotein B. glycoprotein C. nucleic acid D. prostaglandin

Q: Which of the following is true of atherosclerosis? A. It is most likely an inflammatory disease. B. Blood C-reactive protein levels are better predictors than LDL cholesterol levels. C. Antioxidants may be used to prevent or treat it. D. All apply

Q: Oxidation of low-density lipoproteins causes A. fatty streak appearance. B. increased hepatic uptake of fats. C. monocyte conversion. D. increased LDL receptor synthesis.

Q: Receptors for LDLs are called A. foam cells. B. apolipoproteins. C. atheromas. D. lactate dehydrogenase.

Q: The possibility of an individual developing ischemic heart disease A. is decreased by increasing exercise. B. is increased by stopping smoking. C. is decreased by diets containing 50% fat. D. is increased by diets low in saturated fat.

Q: Statins A. inhibit HMG-coenzyme A reductase. B. stimulate proconvertin. C. inhibit streptokinase. D. All apply

Q: The rate-limiting step of cholesterol synthesis is catalyzed by A. HMG-Coenzyme A reductase. B. protein kinase C. C. phospholipase C. D. phosphodiesterase.

Q: Cardiac rates slower than 60 beats per minute indicate tachycardia.

Q: _________ AV node block occurs when no atrial waves can pass through the AV node. A. First-degree B. Second-degree C. Third-degree D. Fourth-degree

Q: _________ AV node block occurs when the rate of impulse conduction through the AV node exceeds 0.20 second. A. First-degree B. Second-degree C. Third-degree D. Fourth-degree

Q: Matching Questions Duchenne's muscular dystrophy A. is an X-linked recessive trait. B. most often affects women. C. involves degeneration of the smooth muscle dense bodies. D. All apply.

Q: Matching Questions The specialized region of the sarcolemma at the neuromuscular junction is called the A. syncytium. B. varicosity. C. fascicle. D. motor end plate.

Q: Skeletal muscles with a low innervation ratio have a low degree of neural control.

Q: The deadly botulinum toxin can be used in the cosmetic treatment of skin wrinkles because it produces a flaccid paralysis.

Q: Based on differences in their endothelial lining, capillaries can be classified as all of the following EXCEPT A. continuous. B. true. C. discontinuous. D. fenestrated.

Q: Which of the following is NOT true concerning blood vessels? A. Arteries contain more muscle than veins. B. Smooth muscle surrounds capillaries. C. Valves are found in veins but not arteries. D. Discontinuous capillaries create sinusoids.

Q: Varicose veins can be caused by A. compression of abdominal veins by a fetus during pregnancy. B. stretched venous valves. C. excessive venous congestion. D. All apply

Q: Hypoxia may stimulate new blood vessel growth.

Q: Most of the circulating blood can be found in A. veins. B. capillaries. C. arterioles. D. arteries.

Q: The referred pain indicative of myocardial ischemia is known as bradycardia.

Q: Matching Questions The biceps brachii causes flexion of the elbow. The triceps brachii causes extension of the elbow, so it would be a/an A. abductor. B. antagonist. C. agonist. D. levator.

Q: The epimysium surrounds the individual muscle cells.

Q: Matching Questions Each fascicle of a muscle is surrounded by the A. perimysium. B. epimysium. C. endomysium. D. sarcolemma.

Q: Matching Questions Skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated. This is called a/an A. myoblast. B. striation. C. syncytium. D. endomysium.

Q: Z discs are found bisecting the A bands.

Q: Matching Questions The light band of a skeletal muscle is known as the A. A band. B. Z disc. C. I band. D. H band.

Q: When skeletal muscle cells contract, they increase in length.

Q: Muscles which move a limb away the midline of the body are termed as A. abductor muscles. B. adductor muscles. C. extensor muscles. D. flexor muscles.

Q: A muscle that constricts an opening is a/an A. extensor. B. levator. C. antagonist. D. sphincter.

Q: Match the muscle action term to the correct description.1. extensorincreases the angle at a joint 2. levatormoves limb toward the midline of the body 3. rotatormoves insertion upward 4. adductorturns a bone along its axis 5. depressormoves insertion downward

Q: Matching Questions The prime mover of any skeletal movement is called the A. flexor. B. agonist. C. abductor. D. antagonist.

Q: What condition of smooth muscle allows it to maintain contraction for long periods of time? A. latch state B. gap junctions C. peristalsis D. myogenic activity

Q: Which of the following is NOT true of single-unit smooth muscle? A. All cells receive autonomic stimulation. B. It displays pacemaker activity. C. It displays myogenic response to stretch. D. Acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors and closes K+ channels.

Q: The arrector pili muscles and ciliary muscles are multi-unit smooth muscles.

Q: Neurotransmitters are released at neuromuscular junctions to smooth muscle cells.

Q: What are the swellings on autonomic nerves that release neurotransmitter to smooth muscle called? A. myoneural junctions B. gap junctions C. neuromuscular junctions D. varicosities

Q: Flexors increase the angle at a joint.

Q: The origin is the point of muscle attachment that is most stationary.

Q: The more movable bony attachment is the A. flexor. B. origin. C. extensor. D. insertion.

Q: In smooth muscle cells, ______________ functions in a manner analogous to troponin. A. myoglobin B. calmodulin C. tropomyosin D. titin

Q: Smooth muscle cells A. contain intercalated discs. B. contain A and I bands. C. are innervated by somatic nerves. D. may contain gap junctions.

Q: Calcium that is needed to activate cross-bridging in smooth muscle mainly comes from A. endoplasmic reticulum. B. extracellular fluid. C. intracellular fluid. D. dense bodies.

Q: Shaking of limbs at rest that disappears during voluntary movement due to damage to the basal nuclei is called A. chorea. B. resting tremor. C. intention tremor. D. spastic paralysis.

Q: Gap junctions have only been identified in cardiac muscle.

Q: Cardiac action potentials usually originate in ______________ cells. A. Purkinje B. chordae tendinae C. pacemaker D. septal

Q: Which of the following statements regarding cardiac muscle is true? A. Dense bodies anchor thin filaments. B. Fibers lack I and A bands. C. Intercalated discs contain gap junctions. D. Fibers lack branches.

Q: In cardiac muscle, calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum due to direct interaction with the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.

Q: All three types of muscles demonstrate peristaltic contractions.

Q: _________ filaments are attached to dense bodies in smooth muscle cells. A. Actin B. Myosin C. Troponin D. Tropomyosin