Q&A Hero

Psychology

Q: The mean arterial pressure of a person with a blood pressure of 128/68 would be A. 20. B. 60. C. 68. D. 88.
Q: Hypertension increases afterload, making it more difficult for the ventricles to eject blood.
Q: Primary hypertension results as a complication of another disease.
Q: An adult with a blood pressure of 130/95 would have mild hypertension.
Q: Damage to the vagus nerve would A. decrease heart rate. B. decrease cardiac output. C. decrease blood pressure. D. decrease responsiveness of the baroreceptor reflex.
Q: Expanded blood volume stimulates stretch receptors in the atria of the heart causing increased secretion of A. atrial natriuretic peptide. B. aldosterone. C. epinephrine. D. parasympathetic antagonists.
Q: Which of the following is NOT a result of stimulation of atrial stretch receptors? A. stimulates reflex tachycardia B. increased secretion of ANP C. decreased water excretion D. inhibition of ADH
Q: The last Korotkoff sound occurs when the blood pressure is equal to A. atmospheric pressure. B. systolic pressure. C. diastolic pressure. D. pulmonary pressure.
Q: The sounds heard during the first phase of blood-pressure measurement are A. murmurs. B. snapping sounds. C. thumping sounds. D. muffled thumping sounds.
Q: The sounds heard during the last phase of blood-pressure measurement are A. murmurs. B. snapping sounds. C. silence. D. thumping sounds.
Q: Blood pressure is measured with a A. sphygmomanometer. B. electrocardiograph. C. spirometer. D. stethoscope.
Q: There is no mixing of blood layers or sounds from vessels during ____ flow. A. turbulent B. Korotkoff C. laminar D. restricted
Q: A condition in which there is a fall in blood pressure upon standing that is not compensated for by the baroreceptor reflex is called A. postural hypotension. B. postural bradycardia. C. postural tachycardia. D. postural atherosclerosis.
Q: Increased blood pressure stimulates A. decreased outflow from the baroreceptors. B. decreased sympathetic outflow to the heart. C. decreased parasympathetic outflow to the heart. D. postural hypotension.
Q: What condition can occur if blood flow to the skin becomes severely constricted in extreme cold? A. cold sweat B. heat deprivation C. frostbite D. None apply
Q: Arterial blood pressure is influenced by A. vasoconstriction. B. cardiac rate. C. cardiac output. D. All apply.
Q: If cardiac output increases, the peripheral resistance must _____ for arterial blood pressure to remain constant. A. increase decrease C. no change
Q: Which blood vessels have the highest cross-sectional area? A. veins B. arterioles C. venules D. capillaries
Q: Which blood vessels have the lowest pressure? A. veins B. arterioles C. venules D. capillaries
Q: The measurement of blood pressure by a sphygmomanometer is the pressure above atmospheric pressure.
Q: The larger the cross-sectional area of a type of vessel, the higher the blood pressure.
Q: The frequency of action potentials in sensory nerves associated with the arterial baroreceptors is directly proportional to mean arterial pressure.
Q: Both medullary vasomotor and cardiac control centers integrate the baroreceptor reflex.
Q: Inhibition of the baroreceptor reflex would not allow proper regulation of all but A. cardiac rate. B. stroke volume. C. respiratory rate. D. blood pressure.
Q: Astrocytes play an important role in regulation of blood flow in the brain.
Q: In response to increased internal temperature blood flow to the skin will A. increase. B. decrease. C. remain unchanged.
Q: When the arteriovenous anastomoses are stimulated by sympathetic nerve fibers, the superficial capillary loops are A. engorged with blood. B. collapsed. C. by passed. D. not affected.
Q: Sweat glands can also secrete _____ that stimulates vasodilation of skin arterioles to help reduce body temperature. A. nitric oxide B. prostaglandin E2 C. bradykinin D. adenosine
Q: End-diastolic volume is decreased during exercise because of the increased heart rate.
Q: Resistance in cerebral blood vessels is decreased by hypoventilation.
Q: When active areas of the brain receive excessive blood flow over their aerobic requirements, this is called A. hyperemia. B. hypoemia. C. hypersensitive. D. myogenic.
Q: Blood flow in the brain changes as blood pressure changes.
Q: Myogenic regulation in the brain helps keep cerebral blood flow constant despite changes in systemic blood pressure.
Q: Dizziness during hyperventilation is due to a decrease in cerebral blood flow. The decreased blood flow is caused by A. vasodilation. B. decreased stroke volume. C. vasoconstriction. D. decreased respiration.
Q: Coronary bypass surgery is performed A. to limit myocardial ischemia. B. to increase blood pressure. C. in response to an aneurysm. D. in response to hypertension.
Q: Which type of muscle has the greatest capillary density? A. skeletal B. smooth cardiac
Q: During maximal exercise, the skeletal muscles can receive as much as ____ of the total blood flow. A. 35% B. 45% C. 65% D. 85%
Q: Moderate exercise causes increased visceral organ blood flow.
Q: At rest, both cardiac and skeletal muscle arterioles have a high peripheral resistance due to A. cholinergic sympathetic stimulation. B. b-adrenergic sympathetic stimulation. C. a-adrenergic sympathetic stimulation. D. cholinergic parasympathetic stimulation.
Q: Control of blood flow to skeletal muscles during exercise is mainly under _______ control. A. intrinsic metabolic B. intrinsic myogenic C. extrinsic D. hormonal
Q: During exercise all of the following occur EXCEPT A. deeper breathing. B. increased cardiac output. C. increased oncotic pressure. D. visceral vasoconstriction.
Q: Cardiovascular changes resulting from moderate exercise include A. increased total peripheral resistance. B. increased blood flow to the skin. C. increased visceral blood flow. D. decreased stroke volume.
Q: During exercise, all of the following occur EXCEPT A. increased stroke volume. B. increased cardiac rate. C. shunting of blood from visceral organs to skeletal muscle and heart. D. increased vasoconstriction of coronary arteries.
Q: During moderate exercise cerebral blood flow A. increases slightly. B. decreases. C. remains unchanged. D. increases greatly.
Q: During exercise, blood flow to the heart increases.
Q: A(n) ___________ is a cylindrical support used to keep an artery open. A. coronary bypass B. angioplasty C. stent D. angiogram
Q: Nitric oxide (NO) causes A. vasoconstriction. vasodilation. C. no effect.
Q: Nitroglycerine causes vasodilation of blood vessels due to its effects on levels of A. histamine. B. bradykinin. C. nitric oxide. D. prostacyclin.
Q: Endothelin causes vasoconstriction. B. vasodilation. C. no effect.
Q: Increased blood flow to an organ is induced by decreased tissue H+ concentrations.
Q: Intrinsic regulation of blood flow provides localized control of peripheral resistance.
Q: Vascular smooth muscle can directly respond to changes in pressure. This type of control is called A. metabolic. B. extrinsic. C. vasogenic. D. myogenic.
Q: Vasodilation is induced by all of the following EXCEPT A. increased tissue carbon dioxide. B. decreased tissue metabolism. C. decreased tissue oxygen. D. increased extracellular K+.
Q: Reactive hyperemia is A. increased blood flow due to increased metabolism. B. increased blood flow after removal of constriction due to accumulated metabolic products. C. increased blood flow due to sepsis. D. All apply.
Q: Active hyperemia is A. increased blood flow due to increased metabolism. B. increased blood flow after removal of constriction due to accumulated metabolic products. C. increased blood flow due to sepsis. D. All apply.
Q: During diastole, blood flow in the coronary arteries decreases.
Q: What allows cardiac muscle to have sufficient oxygen during systole? A. large amount of myoglobin B. many mitochondria C. many aerobic enzymes D. All apply
Q: Sympathetic stimulation of cholinergic fibers in the arterioles of skeletal muscle will produce A. vasoconstriction. vasodilation. C. no effect.
Q: Parasympathetic stimulation of arterioles is a major contributor to total peripheral resistance.
Q: Blood flow would be increased by A. histamines. B. antihistamines. C. thromboxane A2. D. angiotensin II.
Q: For blood to flow, there must be a pressure difference in different parts of the vascular system.
Q: Tripling blood vessel radius would increase blood flow 64-fold.
Q: A decrease in total peripheral resistance would cause blood flow to A. increase. B. decrease. C. remain unchanged.
Q: Increased blood flow resistance is caused by A. increased blood vessel length. B. decreased blood viscosity. C. vasodilation. D. increased blood pressure.
Q: Blood flow is increased by A. hypotension. B. vasodilation. C. vasoconstriction. D. edema.
Q: Sympathetic stimulation promotes an overall increase in blood flow resistance.
Q: ADH would be considered a(n) ____________ regulator of blood flow. A. intrinsic B. extrinsic C. hormonal D. Both extrinsic and hormonal are correct
Q: ____________ inhibits norepinephrine reuptake thereby it induces vasoconstriction. A. Nicotine B. Cocaine C. Norepinephrine D. Muscarine
Q: Which of the following is NOT a action of angiotensin II to raise blood pressure? A. stimulates the thirst center in the hypothalamus B. stimulates production of aldosterone C. causes vasodilation in arterioles D. increases peripheral resistance
Q: The kidneys play a major role regulating blood volume.
Q: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors like captopril block the formation of angiotensin II, thus reducing A. vasodilation. B. renal reabsorption. C. vasoconstriction. D. renal excretion.
Q: The heart produced hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), functions antagonistically to A. ADH. B. aldosterone. C. angiotensin I. D. glucocorticoids.
Q: Blood volume would be increased by A. decreased vasopressin secretion. B. decreased aldosterone secretion. C. increased renin secretion. D. increased atrial natriuretic factor secretion.
Q: Hypotension could be induced by A. excessive renin secretion. B. excessive antidiuretic hormone secretion. C. excessive aldosterone secretion. D. excessive atrial natriuretic factor secretion.
Q: Immersion in water will lead to increased diuresis.
Q: At rest, blood flow is greatest in the A. skin and GI tract. B. brain and liver. C. GI tract and liver. D. kidneys and skin.
Q: Angiotensin I is formed from the plasma protein ____ by the action of the enzyme ____. A. Angiotensin II; renin. B. angiotensinogen; ACE. C. angiotensinogen; renin. D. renin: ACE.
Q: Hydrostatic pressure is ______ and colloid osmotic pressure is ______ at the arterial end of a capillary. A. higher, higher B. higher, lower C. lower, lower D. lower, higher
Q: What is the main force that causes fluids to enter the venous end of a capillary? A. hydrostatic pressure in the capillary B. hydrostatic force in the interstitial fluid C. colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary (blood plasma) D. colloid osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid
Q: How much filtrate do the kidneys produce per day? A. 10 L B. 50 L C. 110 L D. 180 L
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