Q&A Hero

Q: Activation of the apneustic center would increase tidal volume.

Q: Ondine's curse is a condition in which involuntary control of breathing is abolished so that patients must remind themselves to breathe.

Q: Pulmonary arterioles _____ and system arterioles _____ when PO2 is low. A. dilate, dilate B. dilate, constrict C. constrict, dilate D. constrict, constrict

Q: An oxygen electrode will measure the amount of free oxygen in the plasma and the amount of oxygen bonded to hemoglobin.

Q: Normal arterial PO2 is A. 40 mm Hg. B. 46 mm Hg. C. 85 mm Hg. D. 100 mm Hg.

Q: Normal alveolar PO2 is A. 40 mm Hg. B. 46 mm Hg. C. 100 mm Hg. D. 105 mm Hg.

Q: Normal venous PCO2 is A. 40 mm Hg. B. 46 mm Hg. C. 100 mm Hg. D. 105 mm Hg.

Q: Normal alveolar PCO2 is A. 40 mm Hg. B. 46 mm Hg. C. 100 mm Hg. D. 105 mm Hg.

Q: Normal venous PO2 is A. 40 mm Hg. B. 46 mm Hg. C. 85 mm Hg. D. 100 mm Hg.

Q: The foramen ovale A. closes after birth due to decreased pulmonary vascular resistance. B. normally shunts blood between the pulmonary artery and aorta. C. normally shunts blood between the right and left ventricles. D. has no importance in fetal respiratory physiology.

Q: The ventilation/perfusion ratio A. is lowest at the apex of the lungs. B. increases when blood flow is decreased. C. decreases when ventilation is increased. D. increases due to dilation of the pulmonary arterioles.

Q: Blood flow is greatest at the _____ of the lungs and perfusion is greatest at the _____ of the lungs. A. apex; apex B. apex; base C. base; base D. base; apex

Q: The ventilation/perfusion ratio is ________ at the apex of the lungs. highest B. lowest C. the same as the base Chapter 16

Q: Pulmonary circulation is a ____ resistance and ____ pressure pathway. A. low, high B. low, low C. high, low D. high, high

Q: What instrument is used to measure the percent oxyhemoglobin saturation of the blood? A. sphygmomanometer B. spirometer C. pulse oximeter D. stethoscope

Q: Breathing 100% oxygen will A. significantly increase the oxygen delivery to tissues. B. increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells. C. significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood. D. not change the amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma.

Q: Breathing 100% oxygen will NOT A. significantly increase the oxygen delivery to tissues. B. increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells. C. significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood. D. both increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells and significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood.

Q: Measurements of arterial PCO2 are used to assess lung function.

Q: Increasing the partial pressure of a gas increases the amount of that gas which will dissolve in a fluid.

Q: The presence of water vapor in the air will reduce the partial pressure of oxygen.

Q: The amount of a given gas dissolved in the blood A. is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. B. increases at higher altitudes. C. is described primarily by Boyle's law. D. All of the choices are correct.

Q: Who's law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas? A. Charles law B. Boyle's law C. Henry's law D. Laplace's law

Q: Breathing 100% oxygen will increase the total oxygen content of whole blood by 5 times.

Q: Asthmatics will have decreased amounts of histamine, leukotrienes, and cytokines during an attack.

Q: Sympathetic agonists could be utilized to treat asthma.

Q: Cor pulmonale may result from a COPD such as emphysema.

Q: What drug that is used as a treatment for asthma, promotes bronchodilation by selectively stimulating beta2-adrenergic receptors? A. Singular B. Albuterol C. Terbutaline D. Epinephrine

Q: Which of the following may result from emphysema? A. reduced gas exchange surface area B. air trapping C. cor pulmonale D. All of the choices are correct.

Q: Pulmonary fibrosis may be caused by A. smoking. B. allergic reactions. C. breathing in coal dust. D. increased mucus production.

Q: Which of the following is an inflammatory cell associated with COPDs but NOT asthma? A. mast cells B. helper T cells C. eosinophils D. cytotoxic T cells

Q: The partial pressure of oxygen decreases at high altitude because the amount of oxygen in the air is decreased.

Q: Who's law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures that each gas in the mixture would exert independently? A. Boyle's Law B. Charles Law C. Dalton's Law D. Henry's Law

Q: Gas X makes up 15% of a gas mix, at 760 mm Hg, the partial pressure of gas X would be A. 11400 mm Hg B. 1140 mm Hg C. 114 mm Hg D. 646 mm Hg

Q: An atopic allergic asthmatic would have A. activation of helper T lynphocytes. B. production of IgE. C. pulmonary eosinphilia. D. All of the choices are correct.

Q: The maximum amount of gas that can be inspired after a normal tidal expiration is the inspiratory capacity.

Q: Obstructive pulmonary diseases often cause the FEV1 to be decreased by __________ or more. A. 0% B. 5% C. 10% D. 20%

Q: Vital capacity is reduced in pulmonary restrictive disorders.

Q: Which of the following is true? A. Blood in the pulmonary veins is low in oxygen. B. Blood in the pulmonary veins is high in carbon dioxide. C. The oxygen concentration of inspired air is higher than that of alveolar air. D. All of the choices are true.

Q: Cessation of breathing is known as A. apnea. B. dyspnea. C. eupnea. D. pneumothorax.

Q: The anatomical dead space A. is increased by emphysema. B. has a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than atmospheric air. C. has a lower concentration of oxygen than atmospheric air. D. is comprised of the respiratory zone.

Q: The volume of gas inspired or expired in a quiet respiration cycle is the A. tidal volume. B. vital capacity. C. inspiratory reserve volume. D. residual volume.

Q: The volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration is the A. tidal volume. B. vital capacity. C. inspiratory reserve volume. D. residual volume.

Q: The total amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration is the A. vital capacity. B. total lung capacity. C. tidal volume. D. functional residual capacity.

Q: Contraction of the internal intercostal muscles expands the thoracic cavity.

Q: Which muscle's contraction will stimulate inspiration? A. diaphragm B. external intercostals C. parasternal intercostals D. All of the choices are correct.

Q: Quiet expiration is caused by A. contraction of the external intercostals. B. contraction of the internal intercostals. C. lung recoil and increased intrapulmonary pressure. D. contraction of the scalenes.

Q: Forced (deep) inspiration occurs with the contraction of the A. erectus abdominis. B. scalenes. C. internal intercostals. D. parasternal intercostals.

Q: Quiet inspiration will ____ thoracic and lung volume and _____ intrapulmonary pressure. A. increase, increase B. increase, decrease C. decrease, increase D. decrease, decrease

Q: Quiet expiration will increase intrapulmonary pressure to about +3 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure.

Q: Forced expiratory volume tests are used to differentiate between restrictive and obstructive lung disorders.

Q: Ventilation would be decreased by decreasing the activity of A. type II alveolar cells. B. type I alveolar cells. C. alveolar macrophages. D. None of the choices are correct.

Q: Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a condition associated with premature babies who lack A. a-antitrypsin. B. histamine. C. type I alveolar cells. D. surfactant.

Q: According to who's law, is the pressure in a small alveolus greater than a large alveolus as long as the surface tension is equal? A. Boyle's law B. Dalton's law C. Laplace's law D. Henry's law

Q: During inspiration, A. alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure. B. transpulmonary pressure increases. C. the diaphragm relaxes. D. intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure.

Q: An individual with a pneumothorax would have air in the pleural space.

Q: What law states that the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume? A. Boyle's Law B. Charles Law C. Dalton's Law D. Henry's Law

Q: A measure of the distensibility of the lungs is A. compliance. B. elasticity. C. surface tension. D. None of the choices are correct.

Q: The tendency of the lungs to return to their initial size after stretching is A. compliance. B. elasticity. C. surface tension. D. None of the choices are correct.

Q: Lung compliance increases as the amount of surfactant in the lung increases.

Q: What phospholipid decreases the surface tension of the alveoli? A. mucus B. saliva C. surfactant D. lymph

Q: How does surfactant reduce the surface tension of water in the lungs? A. decomposes water B. reduces hydrogen bonding between water molecules C. covers the alveoli D. All of the choices are correct.

Q: Fluid secretion by lung cells is due to _______ alveolar cells. A. active transport of Na+ into B. active transport of Cl- out of C. passive transport of HCO3- out of D. active transport of Na+ out of

Q: What condition is marked by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the lungs due to permeability changes triggered by the inflammatory response to systemic infection? A. emphysema B. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) C. pneumothorax D. acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Q: The parietal pleura covers the surface of the lungs.

Q: Intrapulmonary pressure increases as the diaphragm contracts.

Q: Intrapleural pressure __________ during expiration. increases B. decreases C. remains unchanged Chapter 16

Q: The "Adam's apple" is formed by the largest cartilage of the larynx.

Q: A tracheotomy is the insertion of a tube into the trachea.

Q: Black lung causes pulmonary fibrosis due to the inhalation of large amounts of carbon dust.

Q: The conducting zone contains all of the following EXCEPT A. the primary bronchi. B. the larynx. C. the terminal bronchioles. D. the respiratory bronchioles.

Q: Inhalation and accumulation of particles less than 6 mm in size can cause A. asthma. B. emphysema. C. cystic fibrosis. D. pulmonary fibrosis.

Q: Diffusion rate across the respiratory membrane is rapid because A. there are about 750 square feet of alveoli membrane. B. alveoli are one cell thick. C. the air-blood barrier is two cells thick. D. All of the choices are correct.

Q: Which of the following is NOT part of the conducting zone? A. primary bronchi B. trachea C. alveoli D. nose

Q: Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone? A. gas exchange B. filtering and cleaning the air C. warming and humidifying the air D. All of the choices are functions.

Q: Pleural membranes envelop organs within the thoracic cavity.

Q: The __________ separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. A. lungs B. liver C. rib cage D. diaphragm

Q: Matching Questions Mutation in complement protein number 1 would directly A. prevent complement recognition. B. prevent complement fixation. C. prevent opsonization. D. prevent complement activation.

Q: Ventilation involves both internal and external components.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a component of respiration? A. gas exchange B. oxygen utilization C. speech D. ventilation

Q: Internal respiration occurs most frequently in the respiratory zone.