Q&A Hero

Q: What hormone may play a role in reducing the size of the uterus following delivery? A. progesterone B. prostaglandin C. oxytocin D. prolactin

Q: The sensitivity of the uterus to oxytocin is increased by A. prostaglandin. B. progesterone. C. testosterone. D. estrogen.

Q: In humans parturition can be blocked by A. inhibiting the actions of progesterone. B. stimulating the actions of estrogen. C. inhibiting the actions of oxytocin. D. stimulating the actions of chorionic gonadotropin.

Q: Genetic screening of newborns using only a drop of blood can determine which of the following genetic disorders? A. hypothyroidism B. cystic fibrosis C. sickle cell anemia D. All of the choices are correct.

Q: Dopamine may function as a prolactin-inhibiting hormone.

Q: What hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates production of milk proteins? A. oxytocin B. growth hormone C. MSH D. prolactin

Q: Increased maternal lipolysis is stimulated by the secretion of ___________ by the placenta. A. human chorionic gonadotropin B. chorionic somatomammotropin C. progesterone D. estrogen

Q: What is a noninvasive method of determining structural abnormalities in the fetus called? A. ultrasound B. chorionic villi biopsy C. X-ray D. amniocentesis

Q: Induced pluripotent stem cells are useful for all of the following EXCEPT A. to test drugs for treatments of diseases. B. to generate cells with genetic diseases for study. C. to produce stem cells to treat diseases. D. to cause cancer.

Q: Gonadotropic hormones include all of the following EXCEPT A. adrenocorticotropin. B. follicle-stimulating hormone. C. luteinizing hormone. D. human chorionic gonadotropin.

Q: The last embryonic tissue layer to form is the A. trophoblast. B. endoderm. C. ectoderm. D. mesoderm.

Q: Genetic disorders can be detected earliest by A. amniocentesis. B. chorionic villus biopsy. C. newborn screening. D. ultrasound.

Q: What hormone is secreted by the trophoblast cells of the chorion that is used in a pregnancy test to determine if a woman is pregnant? A. LH B. hCG C. estrogen D. oxytocin

Q: The chorionic membrane of the zygote has genes from the father and is therefore foreign to the mother's immune system.

Q: The placenta has surface FAS ligand receptors that causes apoptosis of T lymphocytes and thus prevents immune system attack.

Q: The maternal contribution to the placenta is the A. decidua basalis. B. chorion frondosum. C. chorionic villi. D. yolk sac.

Q: Blood within the umbilical ___________ contain(s) high concentrations of fetal waste products. arteries B. veins C. capillaries Chapter 20

Q: The placenta is unable to synthesize estrogens from cholesterol.

Q: The __________ is an "incomplete endocrine gland" because it cannot produce estrogen and progesterone without the aid of precursors supplied to it by both the mother and the fetus. A. ovary B. uterus C. placenta D. uterine tube

Q: Inhibition of the decidual reaction would prevent placental formation.

Q: What is the procedure in which some amnionic fluid is aspired in order to obtain sloughed off fetal cells for examination? A. placentocentesis B. amniocentesis C. chorioncentesis D. uterocentesis

Q: The chorion frondosum develops from the ___________ layer of the chorion. A. cytotrophoblast B. yolk sac C. syncytiotrophoblast D. amnion

Q: In vitro fertilization involves a technique called A. implantation. B. cleavage. C. ICSI. D. acrosomal reaction.

Q: A ball of about eight cells formed about 50 to 60 hours after fertilization is called a A. zygote. B. morula. C. blastocyst. D. embryo.

Q: Nidation is the process of the blastocyst implanting itself into the thick A. myometrium. B. fallopian tubes. C. endometrium. D. epimetrium.

Q: A stem cell that can give rise to all tissues except the trophoblast cells of the placenta is called A. totipotent. B. retropotent. C. multipotent. D. pluripotent.

Q: The blastocyst consists of the A. blastocyst and amnion. B. morula and placenta. C. chorion and inner cell mass. D. embryo and chorion.

Q: The possibility that nuclear transplantation from one cell to another could produce stem cells is referred to as A. totipotent cloning. B. reproductive cloning. C. therapeutic cloning. D. multipotent cloning.

Q: The ability of a cell to give rise to an entire organism if implanted in a uterus is termed as A. totipotent. B. multipotent. C. pluripotent. D. reproductive cloning.

Q: The __________ provides enzymes that allows the sperm to digest a pathway through the zona pellucida to the oocyte. A. chorion B. zygote C. acrosome D. blastocyst

Q: What ion is released by the fertilized egg that prevents polyspermy? A. Na+ B. K+ C. Cl-- D. Ca2+

Q: Besides chromosomes, what else does the sperm provide to the zygote that is necessary for cell division to occur? A. mitochondria B. centrosome C. enzymes D. All of the choices are correct.

Q: The calcium wave that prevents polyspermy also causes A. the sperm to lose its tail. B. the secondary oocyte to finish meiosis II. C. mitosis to occur. D. All of these choices are correct.

Q: The trophoblast cells of the chorion secrete _____ which maintains the corpus luteum thereby preventing menstruation. A. GnRH B. ACTH C. hCG D. FSH

Q: The progressive fusion of the acrosomal membrane with the plasma membrane of the sperm is called the A. spermatogenesis. B. acrosomal reaction. C. spermiogenesis. D. capacitation.

Q: Ova are fertilized in the A. cervix. B. fallopian tubes. C. uterus. D. vagina.

Q: A fertilized egg is called a(n) A. zygote. B. blastocyst. C. morula. D. embryo.

Q: What process occurs as the zygote travels towards the uterus in the fallopian tubes? A. cleavage B. fertilization C. capacitation D. polyspermy

Q: Having a greater amount of fat tissue after menopause may reduce the occurance of osteoporosis.

Q: The process of sperm gaining the ability to fertilize an ovum as they pass through the female reproductive tract is called A. capacitation. B. receptiveness. C. spermatogenesis. D. spermiogenesis.

Q: The LH surge is caused by a ______ feedback effect of increased estradiol. positive B. negative Chapter 20

Q: The LH surge is caused by A. estradiol increasing frequency of GnRH pulses. B. more FSH receptors placed in granulosa cells. C. a quick drop in FSH. D. rapid increase in progesterone.

Q: The LH surge causes A. menses. B. ovulation. C. endometrium build-up. D. All of the choices are correct.

Q: High progesterone levels during the luteal phase A. causes cervical mucus to thicken. B. suppresses FSH and LH. C. causes thickening of the endometrium. D. All of the choices are correct.

Q: Pheromones are responsible for the dormitory effect of synchronized menstrual cycles of females living together.

Q: The Contraceptive Pill contains A. FSH. B. estrogen. C. progesterone. D. estrogen and progesterone.

Q: For the rhythm method to be successful, coitus (sexual intercourse) must not happen A. during the first 10 days of the menstrual cycle. B. 6 days prior to ovulation through 2 days after ovulation. C. during the last 10 days of the menstrual cycle. D. Both during the first 10 days of the menstrual cycle and during the last 10 days of the menstrual cycle.

Q: The secretion of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) will ___________ during menopause. increase B. decrease C. remain the same Chapter 20

Q: The weak form of estrogen found in the blood of postmenopausal women is termed as A. estrogen. B. progesterone. C. estrone. D. menopausal estrogen.

Q: How many ova are produced by oogenesis of one oogonia? A. one B. two C. four D. eight

Q: What are the small cells produced by the uneven cytoplasmic divisions or oogenesis? A. thecal cells B. follicles C. antrum D. polar bodies

Q: Ovulation occurs around day 14 of the ovarian cycle.

Q: Day 1 of the menstrual cycle is A. the day ovulation occurs. B. the first day of the menses. C. the last day of the menses. D. the first day of the proliferative phase.

Q: What is the major hormone produced during the luteal phase? A. progesterone B. estrogen C. androgen D. hCG

Q: Estradiol amounts rise during the ___________ phase of the endometrial menstrual cycle. A. proliferative B. menstrual C. secretory D. follicular

Q: In the female menstrual cycle A. ovulation is stimulated by decreasing concentrations of progesterone. B. menstruation occurs during the last four days of the cycle. C. progesterone secretion is stimulated by LH. D. the luteal phase is characterized by high circulating concentrations of estrogens.

Q: Spotting between menstrual cycles is termed A. amenorrhea. B. dysmenorrhea. C. menorrhagia. D. metrorrhagia.

Q: The secretory phase of the endometrium occurs when the ovary is in the A. follicular phase. B. luteal phase. C. menstrual phase. D. ovulatory phase.

Q: Women who are thin, athletic, and under prolonged stress which leads to inadequate GnRH release may experience cessation of menstruation or A. dysmenorrhea. B. menorrhea. C. metrorrhea. D. functional amenorrhea.

Q: An oocyte is contained in a membrane sac called a follicle.

Q: Which is NOT characteristic of a graafian follicle? A. has a fluid-filled antrum B. granulosa cells secrete estradiol C. contains a secondary oocyte D. the oocyte has completed meiosis II

Q: A follicle that does not complete development as a graafian follicle will A. rest until the next month. B. continue meiosis. C. become a primordial follicle. D. undergo follicle atresia.

Q: What structure of a mature follicle is a barrier to sperm and fertilization? A. zona pellucida B. corona radiata C. antrum D. cumulus oophorus

Q: The corpus luteum secretes both estradiol and progesterone.

Q: What is it called when a mature follicle ruptures and ejects the oocyte into the uterine tube? A. gestation B. menstruation C. ovulation D. fertilization

Q: What is formed following ovulation from the empty follicle due to LH influence? A. macula lutea B. corpus luteum C. fibroids D. Graafian follicle

Q: The follicular phase is characterized by elevated rising concentrations of estrogen.

Q: Luteal regression may be inhibited by A. inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins. B. stimulating the synthesis of progesterone. C. stimulating the synthesis of LH. D. inhibiting the synthesis of FSH.

Q: What hormone triggers ovulation? A. LH B. FSHC C. progesterone D. hCG

Q: The ___________ phase of the endometrium is supported when the ovary is in the luteal phase. A. proliferative B. secretory C. menstrual D. ovulatory

Q: What allows the compaction of chromatin in the process of spermiogenesis? A. histones B. acrosome C. protamines D. testosterone

Q: How many sperm are produced from one spermatogonium? A. one B. two C. four D. eight

Q: Male contraceptive drugs that would block FSH would be very effective for birth control.

Q: The myometrium is the inner most layer of the uterus.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a part of the female reproductive system? A. ductus deferens B. uterus C. labia majora D. uterine tube

Q: Which of the following is the essential organ of the female reproductive system? A. uterus B. vagina C. ovaries D. uterine tubes

Q: Meiosis II is not completed in the secondary oocyte until after fertilization.

Q: Which part of the uterine wall responds to hormone stimulation as part of female cycles? A. stratum functionale of endometrium B. perimetrium C. stratum basale of endometrium D. myometrium

Q: Ovarian granulosa cells synthesize estradiol which is produced by the theca interna cells from A. FSH. B. progesterone. C. testosterone. D. LH.

Q: Sperm are stored and matured in the A. vas deferens. B. seminal vesicles. C. epididymis. D. prostate gland.