Q&A Hero

Q: Alice is a teacher who has just finished her fourth year of teaching. At the end of that year, Alice was informed that she would be granted tenure. From this point, Alice can expect:A.iron-clad guarantee of job security.B.protection from arbitrary dismissal.C.recognition as a competent teacher.D.accelerated salary increases.

Q: In terms of professional status, many feel teaching:A.falls somewhere between professional and semiprofessional in status.B.enjoys a full professional status on the level of doctors, lawyers, and clergy.C.is a profession that cannot be associated with intrinsic rewards.D.is a skilled occupation such as a computer programmer or an accountant.

Q: Edward is a retired teacher who taught in the United States during the colonial period. In this scenario, which of the following is true of his preparation to teach during his career?A.He would attend a normal school.B.He would attend secondary school and some college.C.He would pass a test to measure his knowledge of important subjects.D.He would receive virtually no formal training at all.

Q: Normal schools were important because they:A.remain, to this day, the primary way teachers are trained.B.represented the earliest form of professional teacher education.C.led to a more diverse teaching force.D.focused solely on pedagogy and teaching methodology.

Q: Horace Mann helped establish the first:A.state-supported normal school.B.undergraduate teaching program.C.post-graduate teaching program.D.classical secondary school.

Q: Identify an accurate statement in reference to teaching during the early 1900s.A.Teachers began to receive good salaries.B.Teaching was becoming an increasingly female occupation.C.Both female workers and teaching were held in high regard.D.Professional teacher training gained wider acceptance.

Q: What occurs during spermiogenesis? A. chromosomes are compacted by protamines B. flagellum and acrosome form C. cytoplasm removed by Sertoli cells D. All of the choices are correct.

Q: After meiosis I in males, ________ are formed. A. primary spermatocytes B. secondary spermatocytes C. spermatids D. spermatozoa

Q: Apoptosis of T lymphocytes requires that Sertoli cells produce A. FAS ligand. B. androgen-binding protein. C. testosterone. D. All of these choices are correct.

Q: In males, the levels of testosterone decline drastically with age.

Q: Developing sperm cells produce estrogen that may serve to regulate their environment.

Q: Male androgens A. stimulate protein synthesis and muscle growth. B. stimulate bone growth. C. stimulate erythropoiesis. D. All of the choices are correct.

Q: Estrogen may play a role in spermatogenesis as evidenced by estrogen receptors found on developing A. sperm cells. B. brains. C. uterine. D. oocytes.

Q: Damage to the Sertoli cells would result in the production of antibodies against sperm cells.

Q: The Leydig cells of the testes constitute a blood-testis barrier that prevents autoimmune destruction of the sperm.

Q: Secretions of the Sertoli cells and cells of Leydig influence the functions of each other.

Q: The correct order of the four phases of sexual response in both sexes would be A. excitation, plateau, orgasm, resolution. B. plateau, excitation, orgasm, resolution. C. orgasm, excitation, resolution, plateau. D. resolution, plateau, excitation, orgasm.

Q: Women do not enter a refractory period following orgasm and are capable of multiple orgasms.

Q: Match the event to the phase of sexual response. 1. 3. resolution erection of penis and clitoris 4 2. 4. plateau ejaculation in males and contraction of vagina in females 3 3. 2. orgasm return to pre-excitement condition 1 4. 1. excitation engorgement of labia with blood 2

Q: The majority of the testis is comprised of A. Leydig cells. B. interstitial cells. C. Sertoli cells. D. seminiferous tubules.

Q: Sertoli cells are stimulated by __________, while Leydig cells are stimulated by ________. A. FSH, LH B. LH, FSH C. testosterone, LH D. FSH, testosterone

Q: In males, conversion of testosterone to estrogen in the brain is essential for normal regulation of LH secretion.

Q: What enzyme is needed for the conversion of testosterone into estradiol in the male brain? A. 5-alpha reductase B. aromatase C. ATPase D. cGMP phosphodiesterase

Q: Secretion of LH is inhibited by A. high concentrations of inhibin. B. rapidly rising concentrations of estradiol. C. high concentrations of testosterone. D. decreasing concentrations of progesterone.

Q: Which of the following is a precursor to melatonin synthesis? A. tryptophan B. serotonin C. tyrosine D. Both tryptophan and serotonin are correct.

Q: The secretion of GnRH, FSH, and LH are pulsatile instead of continuous.

Q: In general, the onset of puberty occurs sooner in boys compared to girls.

Q: The first sign of puberty in females is A. breast development. B. menarche. C. growth spurt. D. axillary hair.

Q: What event(s) occur to start puberty? A. GABA release in hypothalamus is reduced. B. Glutamate stimulation of the hypothalamus is increased. C. Increased secretion of GnRH to the anterior pituitary. D. All of the choices are correct.

Q: Epiphyseal growth in males is stimulated by estrogen.

Q: Pubic and axillary hair growth at puberty is from increased secretion of A. anterior pituitary gonadotropins. B. estrogen and testosterone from the onads. C. androgens from the adrenal cortex. D. melatonin from the pineal gland.

Q: The role of melatonin in puberty of humans is well established and critical.

Q: Longitudinal growth during development is dependent on estrogen stimulation of the epiphyseal growth plates in both males and females.

Q: Women who are very lean and physically active may have irregular cycles and amenorrhea.

Q: In males androgens are required for A. initiation of spermatogenesis at puberty. B. regression of the wolffian ducts during embryonic development. C. maintenance of accessory sex organs. D. development of the Mllerian ducts.

Q: During the first trimester of pregnancy, the ovaries are active endocrine glands.

Q: Gonadotropic hormones from the anterior pituitary will affect the gonads in all of the following ways EXCEPT A. stimulation of spermatogenesis or oogenesis. B. stimulation of gonadal hormone secretion. C. development of internal genital ducts. D. maintenance of gonad structures.

Q: The rate at which GnRH is secreted from the hypothalamus determines whether LH or FSH is secreted from the anterior pituitary.

Q: Inhibin prevents release of LH from the anterior pituitary.

Q: The gonads have a negative feedback effect on gonadotropins of the anterior pituitary.

Q: Synthetic analogues of GnRH are useful in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia and endometriosis.

Q: The most common cause of female pseudohermaphroditism is congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Q: Those with testicular feminization syndrome have A. an extra X chromosome. B. a missing X chromosome. C. an extra chromosome 23. D. no chromosomal number abnormalities.

Q: Testosterone levels in the male embryo and fetus are very high throughout the prenatal period.

Q: A male with 5 alpha-reductase deficiency will have male internal sex organs but more female appearing external genitals.

Q: How many chromosomes are found in a normal human cell? A. 23 B. 23 pair C. 46 D. Both 23 pair and 46 are correct.

Q: Female accessory sex organs develop from the mesonephric ducts.

Q: Treating a male fetus with antibodies to DHT would prevent development of the epididymides.

Q: Dihydrotestosterone is produced by the action of the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase on testosterone.

Q: Female accessory organs develop because of the presence of ovaries.

Q: A lack of testosterone in males will cause the genital tubercle to form a(n) A. penis. B. testis. C. clitoris. D. ovary.

Q: The first event to occur during development of the reproductive system would be the A. descent of the testes into the scrotum. B. formation of the vagina. C. onset of testosterone production. D. development of the Mllerian ducts.

Q: Testosterone, not DHT, stimulates embryonic development of A. seminal vesicles. B. ductus deferens. C. ejaculatory duct. D. All of the choices are correct.

Q: Males lacking testosterone receptors would A. develop as genotypic females. B. have testes and female external genitalia. C. lack gonads. D. have male internal genitalia.

Q: The embryonic urethral fold becomes the female A. labia minora. B. labia majora. C. glans clitoris. D. All of these choices are correct.

Q: Leydig cells in the male produce Mllerian inhibition factor.

Q: What is the principle sex steroid in males? A. estrogen B. testosterone C. progesterone D. aldosterone

Q: Epigenetic changes can not be passed on to a zygote.

Q: Regions of DNA that read the same forward as backward are called ______ and include the testis-specific genes on the Y chromosome. A. palindromes B. autosomes C. haploid D. genomic

Q: Barr bodies are normally only found in the cells of female mammals.

Q: A fertilized egg is called a/an A. autosome. B. zygote. C. ovum. D. Barr body.

Q: Which of the following would be found in normal somatic cells of women but not men? A. an X chromosome B. a Y chromosome C. a Barr body D. 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes

Q: Cryptorchid males do not produce testosterone.

Q: Deletion of the SRY gene would cause male fetuses to develop as females.

Q: Patients with Turner's syndrome have 47 chromosomes and appear female.

Q: Infants that are breastfed receive which of the following from the mother? A. IgA B. IgG C. IgF D. IgE

Q: The stimulus of sucking causes release of prolactin-releasing hormone via a neuroendocrine reflex.

Q: Breastfeeding is an excellent contraceptive for women in developed countries.

Q: The human female determines the sex of her offspring.

Q: How many autosomal chromosomes are present in human cells? A. 23 pair B. 46 C. 22 pair D. 2 pair

Q: What type of genetic change occurs when an allele is silenced by methylation of cytosine bases? A. genomic B. epigenetic C. mutation D. None of the choices is correct.

Q: What type of genes are found on the Y chromosome? A. X-transposed genes B. degenerate genes C. testis-specific genes D. All of the choices are correct.

Q: Genomic imprinting allows for differing expressions of an allele.

Q: Milk let-down A. is stimulated by epinephrine. B. relies only on autonomic nerves. C. is inhibited by oxytocin. D. may occur in response to auditory cues.

Q: Development of the mammary gland during gestation A. is inhibited by estrogens. B. is stimulated by estrogens. C. is elevated when dopamine is given to pregnant women. D. requires the permissive effects of insulin, testosterone, and cortisol.

Q: Increased maternal lipolysis is stimulated by the secretion of ___________ by the placenta. A. human chorionic gonadotropin B. chorionic somatomammotropin C. progesterone D. estrogen

Q: The placental hormone which stimulates glucose sparing by maternal tissues is A. chorionic somatomammotropin. B. chorionic gonadotropin. C. progesterone. D. estrogen.

Q: Initiation of labor involves all of the following EXCEPT A. corticotropin-releasing hormone from the placenta. B. DHEAS from the fetal adrenal gland. C. cortisol from the mother and fetus. D. human chorionic gonadotropin from the placenta.

Q: Cortisol from the fetal adrenal gland will stimulate maturation of the lungs and production of surfactant.

Q: DHEAS travels from the fetal adrenal cortex to the placenta where it is converted into oxytocin.