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Q:
School boards are often criticized for:A.ignoring administrative details while giving importance to policy issues.B.being in the backseat when it comes to educational change and reform.C.giving more representation to local communities while ignoring other groups.D.taking more financial help from state funds and less from national funds.
Q:
To what extent do you believe that social Darwinism exists in schools (classrooms, extracurricular activities, curriculum, etc.) today? How aware are educators that they may be engaged in this process? What sort of influence do you think social Darwinism has on philosophies of education?
Q:
Why do the authors feel that existentialism is perhaps the most challenging of the philosophies for many readers? What are the core goals of existentialism?
Q:
How might followers of constructivist philosophy criticize the essentialist and perennialist teaching philosophies? What does this say about a constructivist's view toward the nature of passing on knowledge
Q:
According to the authors, Western society tends to value formal education at the expense of other educational models such as oral tradition and informal education. Discuss the potential benefits that Western educators could derive if they adopted oral tradition and informal education into their current, formal educational model. Be sure to provide examples to support your arguments.
Q:
Provide examples of where one might experience the Golden Mean in schools. What are some of the challenges in using the Golden Mean as part of a philosophy of education? What are some of its benefits?
Q:
What is the basis of knowledge from the perspective of an empiricist and a rationalist? Describe how a rationalist and an empiricist would teach others.
Q:
Which of the following is true of adequate educational guarantees, the educational clauses present in the constitution of different states?A.They guarantee that every student is entitled to either an equal education or equal funding.B.They require that states implement a uniform testing system in all school districts.C.They guarantee that every student receives an efficient, sound or thorough education.D.They ensure children with disabilities are excluded from schools.
Q:
The state with perhaps the purest example of adequate education approach is _____.A.New YorkB.CaliforniaC.MarylandD.Virginia
Q:
Which of these statements best describes the attitude of Americans toward inequities in school funding?A.They believe that the problems of poor people can be solved through additional school funding.B.They believe that communities are collectively responsible for the education of students.C.They are unaware that different financial resources should be utilized to educate neighborhood children.D.They believe that an individuals circumstances are merely obstacles to be overcome.
Q:
The _____ is collected through payroll deductions, money deducted even before one receives salary.A.value added taxB.sales taxC.personal income taxD.property tax
Q:
The federal funds directed at specific categories and targeted educational needs of schools are known as _____.A.categorical grantsB.block grantsC.limited grantsD.conditional grants
Q:
What are the five educational philosophies presented in this chapter? Discuss the potential strengths and weaknesses of each of these philosophies. Be sure to provide examples to support your arguments.
Q:
Advocates of the back-to-basics approach argue that it ensures a common culture among Americans. What is this common culture referred to by the supporters of this approach? How does this approach ensure a common culture among Americans? Be sure to provide specific examples to support your arguments.
Q:
Perennialists lament the change in universities from places where a few gifted students rigorously pursued the truth for its own sake to a glorified training ground for future careers. To what extent do you agree with the perennialists regarding what has happened to universities? To what extent do you disagree with same? Be sure to provide specific examples to support your arguments.
Q:
Create a lesson that a progressivist teacher would teach to his or her students. What would be some of the key characteristics of such a lesson? Be sure to provide specific examples.
Q:
How did the philosophy of pragmatism provide a basis for the development of progressivism? What did John Dewey see as the link between democracy and education?
Q:
In whose philosophy do the human soul has three parts: intellect, spirit, and appetite?A.SocratesB.PlatoC.AristotleD.Herodotus
Q:
_____ promoted the doctrine of the Golden Mean, or the notion that virtue lies in a middle ground between two extremes.A.AristotleB.PlatoC.SocratesD.Herodotus
Q:
_____ examines the nature and the origin of human knowledge.A.MetaphysicsB.AestheticsC.EpistemologyD.Anthropology
Q:
Now that you have studied different educational philosophies, which philosophies do you find most relevant for educating students in today's society? Are there any philosophies that you find to be obsolete or no longer applicable? Be sure to give specific examples to support your analysis.
Q:
What are some of the questions that influence the formation of educational philosophies? What are some other factors that may also influence educational philosophies? Be sure to provide appropriate examples in your answer.
Q:
What is your educational philosophy, and how do you think it will shape your teaching style? Be sure to provide specific examples to support your discussion.
Q:
As a future educator, how do you feel your educational philosophy reflects your overall philosophy on life? Be sure to provide specific examples to support your discussion.
Q:
Which of the following is an accurate statement about existentialist classrooms?A.They give utmost importance to math and natural sciences.B.They de-emphasize honest interpersonal relationships.C.They afford students great latitude in their choice of subject matter and activity.D.They encourage imitation of established models more than individual creativity.
Q:
_____ asserts that knowledge cannot be handed from one person to another (from a teacher to a learner) but must be constructed by each learner through interpreting and reinterpreting a constant flow of information.A.BehaviorismB.PerennialismC.EssentialismD.Constructivism
Q:
A key aspect of teaching in a constructivist classroom is _____.A.putting the teacher at the center of the educational stageB.handling knowledge from the teacher to the studentsC.gauging a student's prior knowledge and understandingD.educating the students on the fundamentals of religion
Q:
Unlike existentialists, ______ believe that free will is an illusion and that human nature is shaped by the environment.A.essentialistsB.progressivistsC.perennialistsD.behaviorists
Q:
The use of a system of positive reinforcement to promote desired learning is based on _____.A.constructivismB.behaviorismC.existentialismD.progressivism
Q:
If Barbara, a teacher, follows the principles of behaviorism, she believes that _____.A.she should act as a facilitator, rather than delivering lectures to her studentsB.positive reinforcement can be used to promote desired learningC.scaffolding is the best way to promote learning among studentsD.the learning environment should be based on the individual needs of the students
Q:
Ethnocentrism is the _____.A.belief that sensory experience is the source of knowledgeB.idea that ethnic diversity is essential for cultural growthC.tendency to view one's own culture as superior to othersD.tendency to include cultural discussions in education
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about educational practices in the West?A.In Western society, formal schools, formal certification and degrees are valued.B.Oral traditions enjoy particular prominence in the West.C.In Western society, the childs education is primarily a concern of the family.D.The notion of teachers and nonteachers is foreign in the West.
Q:
The birthplace of Western philosophy is _____.A.ancient EgyptB.ancient GreeceC.ancient ChinaD.ancient India
Q:
_____ is the idea that society is an ingenious sorting system, one in which the more talented rise to the top, while those less deserving find themselves at the bottom of the social and economic pecking order.A.Social reconstructionismB.PerennialismC.Social DarwinismD.Cartesian dualism
Q:
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the famous Brazilian educationist Paulo Freire who opposed social Darwinism?A.He believed that schools should perpetuate the status quo views of the rich and powerful.B.He envisioned schools as a place where the poor can acquire the skills to regain control of their lives.C.He believed that those without money deserve their lot in life, and poverty is a normal, preordained part of reality.D.He believed that schools should be viewed as banks, where the privileged deposit ideas.
Q:
_____ asserts that the purpose of education is to help children find the meaning and direction in their lives, and it rejects the notion that adults should or could direct meaningful learning for children.A.PerennialismB.EssentialismC.ExistentialismD.Behaviorism
Q:
What are some of the misperceptions you had regarding Title IX? What is the reality of the law compared to what you had previously perceived? How do people's misperceptions of Title IX manifest themselves in schools? Be sure to provide specific examples to support your discussion.
Q:
Helena believes that her main goal as a teacher is to transfer the knowledge and values that her students will need to do well in society. She strives to have her students learn to be academically proficient. She also tries to instill her students with values such as respect, diligence, and practicality. Helena is most likely to rely on:A.teacher-centered philosophies.B.student-centered philosophies.C.progressivism.D.existentialism.
Q:
An essentialist would argue that essentialism is an approach to _____.A.encourage students to work together cooperativelyB.organize schools around the concerns and curiosity of studentsC.ensure a common culture among AmericansD.organize schools around books, ideas, and concepts
Q:
As a teacher, Richard wants his students to think rationally and rigorously. He feels that he should prepare his brightest students for future leadership and responsibility, while providing vocational training to the rest of the students. Richard's approach to education is indicative of _____.A.progressivismB.perennialismC.existentialismD.constructivism
Q:
In a(n) _____ classroom students spend considerable time and energy mastering the three Rs, reading, riting, and rithmetic.A.progressivistB.existentialistC.perennialistD.constructivist
Q:
Which of the following books would likely be included in the "Great Books" favored by perennialists?A.A book on feminist ideas written by a female authorB.A book on alternative medicines written by an Asian writerC.A love story written by a African American writerD.A theology book written by a classical author
Q:
_____ organizes schools around the concerns, curiosity, and real-world experiences of students.A.PerennialismB.EssentialismC.ProgressivismD.Behaviorism
Q:
According to _____, the way to determine if an idea has merit is simple: Test it. If the idea works in the real world, then it has merit.A.pragmatismB.idealismC.essentialismD.perennialism
Q:
In 1896, John Dewey founded the Laboratory School, a famous experimental school, to test his educational ideas. Which of the following statements about this school is accurate?A.It enrolled more than 500 students in a single year, over a span of 8 years.B.It had only one classroom but several facilities for experiential learning.C.It promoted students from one grade to another after they mastered certain material.D.It helped students learn different subjects through isolated exercises or drills.
Q:
In a progressivist classroom, you would find teachers _____.A.talking to rows of seated students who are listening to them attentivelyB.focusing their students attention on scheduled standardized testsC.focusing their students attention on one discrete discipline at a timeD.walking around the room, asking questions and making suggestions
Q:
Why did social reconstructionists split from progressivists?A.Unlike progressivists, they wanted to advocate teacher-centered classrooms.B.They grew impatient with the slow pace of change in schools and in society.C.They disagreed with progressivists idea that schools should concentrate on the needs of students.D.Unlike progressivists, they wanted to sharpen students intellectual powers and enhance their moral qualities.
Q:
Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are often referred to as a "model minority." Provide the rationale behind this statement, and discuss how this stereotypes Asian Americans. What problems do Asian American and Pacific Islander students face that this label masks?
Q:
How has the American cultural perception of Arab Americans changed over time? How large and internally diverse is the Arab American population in the U.S.? What might be done to continue combating common misconceptions about this group?
Q:
During his efforts to establish public common schools, Horace Mann encountered considerable opposition. Who were the groups who opposed Mann, and what was the reason for their opposition? What do you think these groups would make of the current educational system? Would they still be opposed? Be sure to explain your reasoning, and provide specific examples in your discussion.
Q:
What do you feel has been Horace Mann's influence on your education? Where have you seen the effects of his advocacy and actions during your schooling? Be sure to provide specific examples to support your discussion.
Q:
How did teaching become a gendered career? How were the first women who became teachers in regular school setting viewed? Why did school districts prefer hiring unmarried women as teachers in the late nineteenth and early part of the twentieth century? How were these teachers perceived by the American society?
Q:
What are the components of progressive education? What is its philosophy? What kind of acceptance has it received in the United States?
Q:
If you had the opportunity to speak with the framers of the Constitution of the United States, what would you suggest they include in terms of education? Why?
Q:
Is the federal government's role in education a help or a hindrance? Is there too much influence from the federal government, or not enough? Support your opinions.
Q:
Describe the challenges faced by African Americans in their pursuit of education. How did White Americans respond to the education of African Americans? Explain how the doctrine of separate but equal affected the education of African Americans?
Q:
How does second-generation segregation affect the education of African American students? Describe the Kerner Commission findings on race. How did these findings affect national efforts to increase the quality of education for African Americans?
Q:
Discuss the patterns of resegregation in the United States. What are the causes? What are the positions taken by proponents and opponents? What can be done to combat what is increasingly becoming de facto resegregation?
Q:
Which of the following statements is true?A.Most Arab Americans living in the U.S. are Christian.B.All Arabs living in the Middle East follow Islam.C.Most Americans perceive Arabs as pro-American.D.Majority of Americas Muslims are Arabs.
Q:
Emma Hart Willard made an important contribution to education when she:A.opened the first school for specially abled children in the U.S.B.opened the first institution of learning for African American women.C.became the first woman to attend an American university.D.established one of the earliest teacher training programs in U.S. history.
Q:
In colonial America, female teachers were particularly attractive to school districts because:A.they were perceived to be more intelligent and effective than male teachers.B.they were typically paid one-third to one-half of the salary paid to male teachers.C.they would always work for longer hours than male teachers.D.they were way more educated and knowledgeable than male teachers.
Q:
Which of the following statements about Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is true?A.This law was created to protect only female students against gender discrimination.B.The federal government has penalized hundreds of schools for violating Title IX.C.The law has eradicated sexism from education institutes in the U.S.D.The law is rarely enforced, and ignorance of the law is widespread.
Q:
There is a belief that "In a very real way, today's classrooms are living tributes to past achievements and sacrifices." Bringing to bear what you have learned about the history of American education, describe how the current educational landscape represents both the successes and the struggles that educators and students have experienced to this day. Provide specific examples to support your discussion.
Q:
Discuss the role that wealth has played in education from colonial times to the present. In examining the educational environment today, what issues regarding the role of wealth have changedfor better or for worse? What seems to have stayed the same? Be sure to provide specific examples to support your analysis.
Q:
Following the American Revolution, a truly American education began to take shape. Describe the characteristics of "American" education, and what makes it specifically American. Be sure to provide examples in your discussion.
Q:
With the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision, _____ became a legally sanctioned part of the American way of life.A.segregationB.homosexualityC.marijuana usageD.racial equality
Q:
During the 1960s and 1970s, the Supreme Court _____.A.asserted that de jure segregation was necessary to preserve the American way of lifeB.focused on efforts to eradicate de facto segregation only in the SouthC.attacked de facto segregation stemming from racially imbalanced neighborhoodsD.opposed all efforts to eradicate de jure segregation in the North and in the South
Q:
The _____ gave the federal government power to help local school districts desegregate (Title IV) and, when necessary, to initiate lawsuits or withhold federal school funds to force desegregation.A.Elementary and Secondary Education ActB.Civil Rights ActC.Smith-Hughes ActD.No Child Left Behind Act
Q:
In 1949, _____ caused Congress to reverse more than a century of immigration quotas and naturalization and anti-miscegenation laws.A.the rise of "Chinatowns" in major cities throughout the United StatesB.the institution of a Communist government in mainland ChinaC.the realization that Chinese immigrants were a boon to the U.S. economyD.the demand raised by U.S. citizens to grant refugee status to Chinese immigrants
Q:
By the early part of the twentieth century, women constituted upward of _____ percent of teachers.A.50B.10C.90D.20
Q:
What was the new concern that arose as women came to dominate teaching, and the gender tables turned in the twentieth century?A.Female teachers were not receiving the same salaries as male teachers.B.The fear that boys were being discriminated against did the rounds.C.Male teachers were not being recruited by the school districts.D.The fear that female teachers were feminizing boys went around.
Q:
As secondary schools spread, they generally took the form of _____ academies.A.free-for-allB.not-for-profitC.public, government-fundedD.private, tuition-charging
Q:
Which of the following is one of the seven goals for high school identified by the report Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education?A.Command of fundamental academic skillsB.Economic prosperityC.Excellence in sportsD.Proficiency of foreign language
Q:
The movement with which John Dewey was closely associated with is known as _____.A.materialismB.progressivismC.idealismD.constructivism
Q:
When the Progressive Education Association released their Eight-Year Study, they reported that students who graduated from progressive schools:A.were judged to be more objective and more precise thinkers.B.earned a slightly lower grade point average.C.received slightly less academic honors.D.were judged to possess lower intellectual curiosity and lower drive.
Q:
Many people are unaware that the responsibility for educating Americans is not even mentioned in the Constitution. Under the _____ Amendment, any area not specifically stated in the Constitution as a federal responsibility is automatically assigned to the statesA.TenthB.FourteenthC.SixteenthD.Fifth
Q:
The act that calls for standards and annual testing of math, reading, and science is called the _____.A.National Defense Education ActB.Elementary and Secondary Education ActC.No Child Left Behind ActD.Bilingual Education Act
Q:
Aaron is a young man in his early twenties. He just returned home after serving in the U.S. Army for 3 years. Now he hopes to go to college at his state university to become an engineer. Which of the following federal acts would help Aaron to do so?A.National Defense Education ActB.Servicemen's Readjustment ActC.Elementary and Secondary Education ActD.Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Q:
Which of the following provided funds for teacher training and program development in vocational education at the high school level?A.Elementary and Secondary Education ActB.Bilingual Education ActC.Morrill Land Grant College ActsD.Smith-Hughes Act
Q:
Horace Mann became the nations leading advocate for the establishment of a _____ school open to all.A.privateB.charterC.dameD.common