Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Psychology
Q:
Sarah has recently been robbed and is leery of leaving her apartment if unnecessary. According to Laytons forgiveness process, Sarah is in the midst of which of the following steps?
a. Injured innocence
b. Obsession
c. Fear
d. Transformation
e. Transcendence
Q:
A person who is caught up in what has happened to her or him and uses the story to get sympathy from others may be caught up in the eddy of:
a. resentment.
b. victimization.
c. revenge.
d. depression.
e. withdrawal.
Q:
Individuals are more likely to renegotiate a relationship through forgiveness when they know which of the following?
a. There is essential agreement regarding the nature of the violation to the relationship.
b. The other has acknowledged the hurt experienced.
c. An apology for the hurt will be included.
d. The other is willing to apologize for the offensive behavior.
e. All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Which of the following is not necessary for an effective apology?
a. Acknowledgement of responsibility
b. Awareness of harm resulting from ones actions
c. Promises of not engaging in the offensive behavior again
d. Expression of regret or remorse
e. An expression of wrong-doing
Q:
Brett has clobbered his brother Tyler over the head with a toy. Immediately, their mother pulls Brett aside and tells him to go over to his brother and apologize. Brett glances in Tylers direction and says (with a bit of sarcasm) Sorry. Bretts apology is an example of which of the following forms of apology?
a. Expedient apology
b. Compelled apology
c. Delayed apology
d. Sincere apology
e. Public apology
Q:
Which of the following dimensions of interpersonal conflict is most relevant to the discussion of offering and accepting forgiveness?
a. Expressed struggle
b. Interdependence
c. Incompatible goals
d. Scarce resources
e. Interference from the other in achieving goals
Q:
What are the elements that make up the definition of forgiveness?
Q:
Identify and describe an incident in which you could benefit from the choice to forgive another person and/or reconcile with her or him. What would keep you from making that choice?
Q:
Compare and contrast the features of effective apologies with the three types of problematic or ineffective apologies.
Q:
How does an imbalance of power affect forgiveness and reconciliation between a transgressor and a forgiver?
Q:
Jim and Susan are getting a divorce, and they have been going to court to obtain a custody settlement. Jim suddenly realizes that his fight for the children has more to do with hurting Susan than with the childrens well-being (they both are good parents to the children). Jim is portraying which stage in the forgiveness process?
a. The strand of empathy
b. The strand of forbearance
c. The strand of commitment
d. The strand of truth
e. The strand of interaction
Q:
A common misconception about forgiveness is that it excuses the behavior of the transgressor seeking forgiveness.
Q:
One effective way to offer forgiveness to another is to ask the person to meet a condition that is important to you.
Q:
An effective apology includes making amends for the wrongdoing.
Q:
Unlike giving forgiveness, receiving forgiveness is a simple task.
Q:
Part of the process of forgiving someone is to face the anger you feel.
Q:
In the phase of transcendence, a person is able to stop obsessing over images and messages from the past.
Q:
Revenge, especially in the form of violence, seems to settle the score in the short run, but almost always provides justification for counter-revenge.
Q:
Pressure to forgive, especially when it is applied by those with more power, may serve to eliminate the hierarchical structures that made the abuse possible in the first place.
Q:
When Lisa says to her husband, Youd make a lousy father, she is communicating which type of hurtful message?
a. Accusation
b. Advice
c. Evaluation
d. Threat
e. Desire
Q:
"If you think you are going to walk out on me, Ill make sure your parents know everything you did when we were living with them" is an example of what type of hurtful message?
a. Desire
b. Threat
c. Advice
d. Evaluation
e. Accusation
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of the ancient Hawaiian practice known as Hooponopono?
a. It states that the most effective form of apology requires some sort of accompanying justification.
b. It reinforces the idea that expedient apologies are more effective than compelled apologies.
c. It requires conflicting parties to apologize by making a ritual sacrifice of a valued possession.
d. It recognizes that grievances are often tied together and that one layer of resentment underlies another.
e. It believes that apologies should be strictly voluntary and that one should never be asked to make any form of restitution.
Q:
Your book says that memories are essential to the forgiveness process since they may help you become less susceptible to repeated injury.
Q:
According to the text, sometimes forgiveness is best approached as a decision in order to give a person something to do.
Q:
Repairing a relationship so that reengagement, cooperation, and trust become possible after a transgression is what your book calls reconciliation.
Q:
The text suggests that children whove been abused should try to forget about the events and memories so they can move on more easily.
Q:
Mediation works best when conflicting parties:
a. are emotionally mature.
b. have a disproportionate distribution of power.
c. have religious differences.
d. lack the motivation to resolve their differences on their own.
e. are involved in extreme rather than moderate levels of conflict.
Q:
Which form of alternative dispute resolution gives parties the most control in determining their own solutions to their conflict?
a. Conciliation
b. Mediation
c. Arbitration
d. Facilitation
e. Litigation
Q:
Which of the following is not an advantage of mediation?
a. Mediation allows the conflicting parties to disagree on the settlement.
b. Mediation reduces the cost of protracted disputes.
c. Mediation increases satisfaction with the outcomes of the dispute.
d. Mediation enhances relationships among people.
e. Mediation reduces the recurrence of conflict.
Q:
Which of the following is a similarity between arbitration and adjudication?
a. Both reinforce the assumption that conflicting parties can resolve their own disputes.
b. Both require the voluntary participation of conflicting parties.
c. Both empower a third party to decide the outcome of a conflict.
d. Both are settled outside of courts.
e. Both require the mediator of conflicts to personally know the conflicting parties.
Q:
When an authority listens to both sides of a dispute, questions the parties to the conflict, and then renders a judgment that both parties have agreed ahead of time to accept, which of the following intervention strategies is at play?
a. Adjudication
b. Arbitration
c. Facilitation
d. Mediation
e. Conciliation
Q:
Because mediation relies on agreements developed by all of the parties to the conflict, mediation brings which of the following advantages to other forms of dispute resolution?
a. Solutions are more likely to be creative.
b. A mutual stake in the resolution is promoted.
c. Solutions are more likely to involve a compromise.
d. It costs less than adjudication.
d. Mediations are faster than other forms of dispute resolution.
Q:
Which of the following is not a limitation of mediation?
a. Some people are not willing to work collaboratively with their enemy.
b. It requires the parties to be involved in their own decision-making process.
c. Parties have to be committed to working on the conflict.
d. If physical abuse has been present in the relationship, it may be difficult to deal with the power imbalance.
e. Small disputes are not worth the effort.
Q:
Mediation, by definition, allows participants to manage their own conflicts, and ultimately, their outcomes.
Q:
A guardian ad litem serves as a child advocate in the adjudication system.
Q:
Adjudication assumes that conflicting parties are able to solve their own conflicts.
Q:
VictimOffender Restitution (VOR) is a specialized form of mediation designed for cases in which someone is guilty of a crime.
Q:
According to the text, taking a side in mediation is okay, as long as the third party is still working to help both parties.
Q:
One risk of informal intervention is becoming the enemy.
Q:
Being a coach requires the same skills as being a good friend to a person in conflict.
Q:
When power between two parties is highly imbalanced, adjudication is likely to be a suitable form of third-party intervention.
Q:
Mediators control the process of communication, not the outcomes of the mediation.
Q:
What are the positive features of adjudication?
Q:
According to the text, informal mediation isnt effective; conflicting parties should always hire a trained professional.
Q:
Which of the following contexts would be appropriate for mediation?
a. Marital disputes
b. Workplace disputes
c. Teacherstudent disagreements
d. Conflict amongst members of a homeowners association
e. All of the answers are correct.
Q:
I Stole Your TV is an example of:
a. a specialized form of mediation designed for cases in which one person is guilty of a crime.
b. the court system gone awry.
c. a specialized type of counseling.
d. binding arbitration.
e. people who refuse to collaborate.
Q:
A cultural form of dispute management involving parties working on their conflicts in front of others can be found in:
a. Hawaii.
b. Malaysia.
c. Native American traditions.
d. the culture of the Kalahari Bushman.
e. All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Briefly describe a recent situation in which you personally intervened (or witnessed an intervention) in an informal context. What have you learned by reading the section on informal intervention that would influence how you might make different choices in the future?
Q:
List, describe, and illustrate the five stages of the mediation process. Explain how each stage is important to the process.
Q:
What is the most significant difference between mediation and arbitration?
Q:
Provide a rationale for the use of mediation in a family or organizational setting. Compare and contrast your rationale with the rationale for other types of intervention.
Q:
Which is more important in the mediation process: agreement or transformation? Make an argument in support of your conclusion.
Q:
What are the limitations of adjudication? Provide examples for the limitations.
Q:
How is coaching similar to or different from mediation and counseling? Be sure to demonstrate understanding of all three concepts before comparing and contrasting.
Q:
In what ways is principled negotiation different from other forms or perspectives of negotiation?
Q:
At the beginning of the chapter, your authors stated that you may not think of yourself as a negotiator. What do you think now? Explain. Do you think you are more of a competitive or collaborative negotiator? Provide examples to support your answer. Finally, what communication skills do you have that help you negotiate with others?
Q:
Which of the following statements is false?
a. Children can be effectively trained as mediators.
b. Mediators need to be masters of the process.
c. The mediators job is not to advocate solely on behalf of one of the parties.
d. Mediation takes many different forms in different contexts.
e. Mediators need to be content experts in the area of dispute.
Q:
Which of the following is a potential advantage of using adjudication to manage conflicts?
a. No advantages exist.
b. Parties will have a firm decision on who is right.
c. Children are usually very satisfied in custody disputes.
d. Power imbalances may be corrected.
e. Less money is spent.
Q:
Collaborative conflict management requires:
a. one person to give up his or her needs.
b. one person to have more power than the other.
c. people involved in the conflict to give up something important.
d. too much time to be effective.
e. all parties to give their best communication efforts.
Q:
Which of the following is not true of competitive bargainers?
a. They will make high opening demands and concede slowly.
b. They will recognize and enhance interdependence.
c. They will exaggerate the value of concessions that are offered.
d. They will try to resist persuasion on issues.
e. All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Your sweater company is having an unusually large amount of business due to an extremely cold winter. Your boss expects you to keep up with your work, but wont allow overtime because of cost cutting throughout the company. You suggest that they hire another person, although you realize the large volume of business is temporary. When you discuss this with your boss, you both decide that your boss can help you temporarily, thus finding an inexpensive solution to your problem. This is an example of which communication pattern?
a. Logrolling
b. Cost cutting
c. Bridging
d. Compromising
e. Competing
Q:
How does a person move from competitive to collaborative negotiations? What might you do if you take a collaborative stance and the other takes a competitive stance?
Q:
Describe how cultural assumptions of negotiation can be problematic. What suggestions do you have for managing potential problems?
Q:
Explain how power interacts with gender in situations of competitive negotiation.
Q:
Recount a recent public conflict and identify the ways in which parties used destructive strategies in an attempt to equalize or at least come close to balancing power.
Q:
What are the disadvantages of competitive negotiation?
Q:
Which of the following is a basic assumption of distributive negotiation?
a. Interdependence is recognized and enhanced.
b. The negotiating world is controlled by enlightened self-interest.
c. The underlying motivation of negotiation is competitive.
d. The goal of negotiation is to ensure that everyone wins equally.
e. Common interests are valued and sought in negotiations.
Q:
Which of the following is a potentially constructive way to balance power in a negotiation?
a. Hiring a mediator to help you
b. Beginning to avoid people who we perceive to have higher power
c. Using your skills in manipulation
d. Feigning ignorance
e. Focusing on your own needs and tasks
Q:
Which of the following is not a basic assumption of integrative negotiation?
a. Common interests are valued and sought.
b. Interdependence is recognized and enhanced.
c. Limited resources do not exist.
d. The goal is a mutually agreeable solution that is fair to all.
e. The negotiating world is controlled by enlightened self-interest.
Q:
Which of the following is a disadvantage of integrative bargaining?
a. The bias toward cooperation may result in internal pressure to compromise when you dont really want to.
b. It can avoid confrontation.
c. There is an increased vulnerability to deception and manipulation by a competitive opponent.
d. It requires substantial process knowledge and skill to be effective.
e. All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Which of the following statements is false about assessing interests in negotiations?
a. If you dont ask what the others interests are, you are likely to be off base.
b. Parties in conflict often assume they know the interests of the other.
c. Taking a firm position suggests several interests typically underlie it.
d. Parties always have multiple interests.
e. Relational and identity issues are rarely important in negotiations.
Q:
From a competitive approach, principled negotiation may appear weak. According to the authors of your text, strength or toughness comes in the form of:
a. accommodating the other person in a negotiation.
b. firm flexibility.
c. standing up for your principles at all costs.
d. relying on criteria established by others.
e. inherent interests.
Q:
Why is expanding the pie an effective way of negotiating collaboratively?
a. It threatens both parties into giving up their piece of the pie.
b. Someone is always hungrier.
c. It attempts to expand scarce resources available by altering the conflict structure.
d. People become more entrenched in their positions.
e. The playing field is leveled.
Q:
Which of the following is a type of nonspecific compensation that invents new options to meet the other sidess needs in a negotiation?
a. Patterning
b. Bridging
c. Cost cutting
d. Obliging
e. Stonewalling
Q:
Distributive (competitive) bargaining focuses more on persuasion than a collaborative approach.
Q:
According to Hocker and Wilmot, parties can disagree without being disagreeable.
Q:
Making high demands and conceding slowly are patterns of a competitive bargaining approach.
Q:
Describe coalitions and their role in system wide conflicts. In your answer, discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks of coalition formation.
Q:
What are system rules according to Hocker and Wilmot? Identify and discuss three examples of implicit or explicit rules you follow when engaging in conflict with someone in (a) your personal life or (b) your workplace.
Q:
Summarize the guidelines put forth in the Difficult Conversations Guide. Use these guidelines to construct three specific suggestions for a conflict you have experienced in the past or are experiencing now.