Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Psychology
Q:
Brenda shoots Bob with the intention of stopping him from leaving but not to kill him.
He dies from his wounds. Brenda is most likely guilty of
a. nothing
b. negligent homicide
c. manslaughter
d. murder
Q:
A jury pool which is summoned to appear for jury service is also known as a(n)
a. venire
b. judicial list
c. demographic list
d. pretrial cluster
Q:
Ken drives his sports car at 100 miles per hour through a school zone while children are
present and kills a child. Ken is most likely guilty of
a. reckless abandonment
b. negligent homicide
c. manslaughter
d. murder
Q:
In order to be eligible for jury service in the federal system, an individual must demonstrate
all the following except
a. United States' citizenship
b. the ability to read, write, and speak English reasonably well
c. loyalty to the United States
d. physical and mental capability of service
Q:
The physical or external part of a crime is the
a. mens rea
b. malum in se
c. actus reus
d. malum prohibitum
Q:
Under the common law, a jury verdict must be
a. 10 to 2
b. unanimous
c. 11 to 1
d. 5 to 1
Q:
The mental or internal component of a crime is the
a. mens rea
b. malum in se
c. actus reus
d. malum prohibitum
Q:
The _______________ guarantees an impartial jury
a. Sixth Amendment
b. Fourth Amendment
c. Fourteenth Amendment
d. Fifteenth Amendment
Q:
Which of the following has been found to increase irritability and aggression?
a. cannabis
b. anabolic steroids
c. cocaine
d. all the above
Q:
Research conducted in the 1970s consistently indicated that effectiveness in jury decision-
making _______________ with decreasing size
a. decreased
b. decreased in civil cases only
c. increased
d. increased in criminal cases only
Q:
"The killing of a human being caused by another" is the definition of
a. homicide
b. murder
c. manslaughter
d. felony murder
Q:
In 1978 the Supreme Court drew the line on the constitutionally permissible size of a felony
jury by holding in Ballew v. Georgia that _____ jurors are too few and is a violation of
the _____ Amendment
a. four, Fifth
b. five, Fifth
c. four, Sixth
d. five, Sixth
Q:
Law originating in England which is handed down from judge to judge and court to court is
referred to as
a. common law
b. statutory law
c. civil law
d. criminal law
Q:
The burden of proof in criminal cases is
a. beyond a reasonable doubt
b. preponderance of the evidence
c. clear and convincing evidence
d. air of reality
Q:
The shooting of a dead person is not homicide because
a. there is no intent to kill
b. the person is not a "life in being"
c. it did not "hasten the inevitable"
d. there is no mens rea
Q:
The burden of proof in most civil cases is a. beyond a reasonable doubt
b. preponderance of the evidence
c. clear and convincing evidence
d. air of reality
Q:
Murder can be defined as
a. the failure to act where there is a duty to act, resulting in the death of a human being
b. the unlawful killing of a human being committed with malice
c. neither a or b
d. both a and b
Q:
The burden of proof in certain civil cases (such as those involving fraud) is
a. beyond a reasonable doubt
b. preponderance of the evidence
c. clear and convincing evidence
d. air of reality
Q:
According to the _______________, alcohol weakens brain mechanisms that normally
restrain impulsive behaviors, including inappropriate aggression.
a. social cues hypothesis
b. toxicology hypothesis
c. disinhibition hypothesis
d. neurochemical change hypothesis
Q:
Criminal trials in state courts can use as few as _____ jurors
a. four
b. six
c. eight
d. nine
Q:
The "cluster" of personality representative of impulsive aggression in the DSM-IV is
a. "angry and hostile"
b. "dramatic and emotional"
c. "fearful and avoidant"
d. "likeable and pleasant"
Q:
This Act, passed in 1963, was representative of a widespread effort to move the locus of
treatment from isolated hospitals to patients' communities
a. The Civil Commitment Act
b. The Insanity Defense Reform Act
c. The Community Mental Health Centers Act
d. The Guilty But Mentally Ill Act
Q:
Individuals with an inflated sense of self-worth without a strong set of beliefs that support
this sense of superiority are often referred to as
a. vindictive
b. impulsive
c. affective
d. narcissistic
Q:
Most states' inpatient commitment statutes require some combination of mental illness and
a. criminality
b. dangerousness
c. need for treatment
d. lack of medical compliance
Q:
A person who exhibits repeated criminal activity, lying, unreliability, irresponsibility,
manipulativeness, and a disregard for the rights of others and the standards of society, can be
referred to as a(n)
a. antisocial personality
b. narcissistic personality
c. borderline personality
d. all the above
Q:
An example of "assisted outpatient treatment" is
a. Kendra's Law
b. New York's Deinstitutionalization Law
c. the Treatment Advocacy Act
d. the Torry Act
Q:
According to Erich Fromm, this type of person shows the inability to respond to things
and people around oneself with real interest, shows a lack of appetite for life, a lack of any
deep interest in anything or anybody, and a deep sense of powerlessness and resignation.
a. the self-regulating character
b. the bored character
c. the narcissistic character
d. the paranoid character
Q:
Critics of assisted outpatient commitment state that such laws
a. abandon the dangerousness criteria for civil commitment
b. promote unwarranted inpatient commitment of those who do not meet civil commitment
criteria
c. undermine important individual liberties by diluting the right to refuse treatment
d. all the above
Q:
Research shows that the mere presence of weapons in pictures or in the natural environment
increases aggressive behavior in both angered and non-angered adults. This is called the
a. trigger effect
b. dagger effect
c. weapons effect
d. destruction effect
Q:
In federal criminal cases, a jury must have _____ members
a. four
b. six
c. nine
d. twelve
Q:
The social learning theory of aggression is most associated with
a. John Dollard
b. Konrad Lorenz
c. Albert Bandura
d. Niko Tinbergen
Q:
In colonial America incompetent individuals were considered a matter left to
a. their families
b. the Church
c. the individual colonies
d. the King of England
Q:
According to the social learning model of aggression, aggressive behavior in children is
acquired through
a. inhibition
b. disappointment
c. imitation
d. autonomic stimulation
Q:
The first mental hospital in America was opened in 1773 in the colony of
a. Delaware
b. Georgia
c. Vermont
d. Virginia
Q:
A long-standing and maladaptive pattern of perceiving and responding to other people and to
stressful circumstances, is best referred to as a(n)
a. personality disorder
b. neurosis
c. transference
d. irresponsibility dilemma
Q:
Civil commitment and the inpatient treatment of the mentally ill faced a major transformation
in the mid-1950s because of
a. psychotropic medication
b. Supreme Court decisions
c. The community mental health center movement
d. none of the above
Q:
The _______________ required that at the time a person committed an offense, he/she
was operating under a defect of reason from a disease of the mind and that such a defect
resulted in the individual not being able to recognize the nature and quality of his/her
actions, or not knowing that such actions were wrong
a. Durham test
b. irresistible impulse
c. M'Naughten test
d. Lord Bracton test
Q:
The view that frustration emerges when environmental circumstances interfere with a
desired goal response, is called the
a. species-defense hypothesis
b. frustration-aggression hypothesis
c. cognitive-defense hypothesis
d. imitation hypothesis
Q:
"A defendant is not responsible for criminal conduct where he/she, as a result of mental
disease or defect, did not possess substantial capacity either to appreciate the criminality
of his/her conduct or to conform his/her conduct to the requirements of the law." This is
known as the
a. American Law Institute test
b. Durham test
c. Model Penal Code test
d. Lord Bracton test
Q:
It has been proposed that aggressive behavior may be controlled by learned ways of
responding that are stored in a person's memory and used as guides for behavior and social
problem solving. These are called
a. cathartic behaviors
b. communal defense responses
c. revised frustration-aggression behaviors
d. cognitive scripts
Q:
Under the law, can a mentally incompetent prisoner be executed?
a. yes
b. no
c. only for capitol offenses
d. only for treason
Q:
The limbic system includes the hypothalamus, the hippocampus, and the
a. amygdala
b. cortex
c. thalamus
d. cerebrum
Q:
In Sell v. United States (2003), the Supreme Court held that
a. involuntary administration of medication can be permitted in certain limited circumstances
b. involuntary administration of medication can be permitted in all federal cases
c. involuntary administration of medication can be permitted in all capital cases
d. involuntary administration of medication can never be permitted
Q:
Measures of brain functioning include all the following except a(n)
a. EEG
b. PET
c. TAC
d. both a and b
Q:
A defendant's current ability to understand and participate in the trial process is called
a. defense capacity
b. sanity
c. criminal responsibility
d. trial competency
Q:
The zoological study of animal behavior is called
a. natural selection
b. zoology
c. ethology
d. morphology
Q:
A defendant's state of mind at the time of the alleged crime is called
a. criminal capacity
b. sanity
c. criminal responsibility
d. criminal competency
Q:
Genetically-programmed behaviors are most commonly referred to as
a. adaptations
b. instincts
c. heredity
d. ontogenetic development
Q:
"Insanity" is a _______________ term
a. medical
b. legal
c. psychiatric
d. none of the above
Q:
The "hydraulic model" of instinctive behavior is best associated with
a. Konrad Lorenz
b. Ernst Kretschmer
c. Booth & Osgood
d. William Sheldon
Q:
From the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries in England, in order to be found guilty of
an offense, an individual had to understand the difference between
a. good and evil
b. right and wrong
c. God and the Devil
d. King and commoner
Q:
One of the earliest and most widely known theories of aggression described aggression as
being instigated by
a. modeling
b. blocked energy
c. defense mechanisms
d. frustration
Q:
Self-defense would be an example of _______________ aggression.
a. justifiable
b. criminal
c. involuntary
d. instrumental
Q:
"We hold that a person involuntarily civilly committed to a state mental hospital has a
constitutional right to receive such individual treatment as will give him a reasonable
opportunity to be cured or to improve his mental condition." This quote was from the
Supreme Court case of
a. Dusky v. United States
b. Godinez v. Moran
c. O'Connor v. Donaldson
d. Anaya v. Crossroads Managed Care Sys., Inc.
Q:
The study of facial features for the classification of criminal behavior is referred to as
a. phrenology
b. constitutionalism
c. primitivism
d. physiognomy
Q:
The 1970 Supreme Court case of Wyatt v. Stickney described the beneficial movement of
residents of mental institutions from
a. more to less structured living
b. larger to smaller facilities
c. larger to smaller living units
d. all the above
Q:
The study of bumps on the head for the classification of criminal behavior is referred to as
a. phrenology
b. constitutionalism
c. primitivism
d. physiognomy
Q:
Virtually every court that has considered the matter now recognizes a right to refuse
psychotropic medication for institutionalized populations under a doctrine of
a. safe confinement
b. informed consent
c. right to individualized treatment
d. humane habilitation
Q:
The study of body type and physique for the classification of criminal behavior is referred to
as
a. phrenology
b. physiognomy
c. somatotyping
d. none of the above
Q:
Between _______________ competency evaluations are conducted in the United States annually
a. 10,000 and 15,000
b. 15,000 and 20,000
c. 25,000 and 39,000
d. 40,000 and 59,000
Q:
Men possessing the XYY chromosome configuration, which has been linked to violence,
have been called
a. hyper males
b. hostile males
c. super males
d. psychoactive males
Q:
A diagnosis that always renders a defendant incompetent is
a. schizophrenia
b. bipolar disorder
c. borderline personality disorder
d. none of the above
Q:
There is evidence from animal research that the neurotransmitter serotonin plays a key role in
mediating
a. suicidal behavior
b. aggressive behavior
c. violent imagery
d. drug use
Q:
The issue of competency may be raised _______________ in/of the adjudication process
a. only at the beginning
b. only during the trial component
c. only at the sentencing component
d. at any point
Q:
_______________ aggression is impulsive or thoughtless and driven by anger.
a. affective
b. instrumental
c. sentimental
d. biological
Q:
Which of the following is not a constitutional right?
a. a right to liberty
b. a right to free speech
c. a right to treatment
d. a right to safety
Q:
Aggression that is a premeditated means of obtaining some goal other than just harming the
victim is called _______________ aggression.
a. affective
b. instrumental
c. sentimental
d. biological
Q:
The Supreme Court, in Youngberg v. Romeo, established that residents of an institution who
are mentally retarded and involuntarily committed, have a constitutional right to
a. freedom from false imprisonment
b. confront their accusers
c. waive a jury trial
d. safety, protection, and to be free from the use of unreasonable bodily restraints
Q:
With a guilty plea, defendants waive their rights to
a. prepare an adequate defense
b. have a jury trial
c. confront accusers
d. all the above
Q:
Assessments based on human judgment that considers clinicalvariables which are dynamic
and subject to change, are best referred to as
a. clinical judgments
b. predictive judgments
c. variable judgments
d. subjective judgments
Q:
In _______________ , the Supreme Court set forth a definition of competency to stand
trial that has since come to be the standard in federal court and most state
jurisdictions as well
a. Dusky v. United States
b. Drope v. Missouri
c. Sheppard v. Rees
d. O'Connor v. Donaldson
Q:
Statistically-based assessments based on validated relationships between measurable
predictor and outcome variables and ultimately determined by fixed, or mechanical, and
explicit rules, are best referred to as
a. meta-analytical assessments
b. organized assessments
c. actuarial assessments
d. validated assessments
Q:
The _______________ is at the center of all the rights relating to patients in state
confinement.
a. right to liberty
b. right of free speech
c. right to a fair trial
d. right to privacy
Q:
Behavior that has as its goal the infliction of harm upon another person who is in turn
motivated to avoid the harm, is called
a. violence
b. aggression
c. crime
d. hostility
Q:
"Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage,
of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to be
subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction
thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the
Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law . . . ."
This is the essence of what U.S. statute?
a. United States Code Title 42 1983
b. United States Code Title 5 1965
c. United States Code Title 24 1965
d. United States Code Title 5 2009
Q:
A "constructive breach" is where
a. one party to a contract fails to perform any promise which forms the whole or part of
a contract without legal excuse
b. a prisoner departs from legal custody using force
c. one party bound to perform a contract or obligation disables himself from performance
by some act, or declares, before the time comes, that he will not perform
d. none of the above
Q:
In the civil justice system there are two primary means of protecting adult individuals who
are incompetent to make vital decisions for themselves, these are
a. guardianship and conservatorship
b. ward of the court and conservatorship
c. ward of the court and guardianship
d. ward of the court and parens patriae
Q:
The seminal American case on "duty to warn" is
a. Jenkins v. United States
b. Underwood v. United States
c. Palsgraf v. Long Island R. R. Co.
d. State v. Boles
Q:
The government's _______________ authorizes the state to protect the community and to
incarcerate individuals who are threats to the public or who have committed crimes
a. parens patriae power
b. guardianship power
c. police power
d. executive power
Q:
A person who seeks a ________________ that is, a ruling by a higher court that it hear
a case, is known as a(n) ________________.
a. writ of certiorari, petitioner
b. writ of certiorari, respondent
c. judgment, plaintiff
d. judgment, defendant