Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Psychology
Q:
the three representations of discourse are: a.direct, demonstrative, and comparative b.local, global, and situational c.reference, lexical, and conjunction d.propositional, surface, and situational
Q:
phenotype refers to the: a.genetic information carried by a cell b.physical or behavioral characteristics actually expressed c.results of a genetic mutation d.probability of a gene being expressed
Q:
genotype refers to the: a.genetic information carried by a cell b.physical or behavioral characteristics actually expressed c.results of a genetic mutation d.probability of a gene being expressed
Q:
beaus mother and father each carry a dominant gene for brown eyes and a recessive gene for blue eyes. the probability that beaus eyes are blue is: a.0.75 b.0.50 c.1.00 d.0.25
Q:
daneman and carpenter (1980) found that students with better performance on the reading span task: a.had more trouble comprehending anaphoric pronouns b.had better verbal sat scores c.were better at a simple span task d.were slower readers
Q:
which of the following was not a focus of the daneman and carpenter (1980) study? a.examining tradeoffs between storage and processing functions of working memory b.examining individual differences in the size of working memory c.measuring the relationship between the size of working memory and sat scores d.measuring speed/accuracy tradeoffs in reading complex text passages
Q:
beatrices mother and father both carry a dominant gene for brown eyes and a recessive gene for blue eyes. the probability that beatrices eyes are brown is: a.0.75 b.0.50 c.0.25 d.1.00
Q:
darrius was visiting his cousins dairy farm. his cousin pointed out that they were using selective breeding to increase milk production. what did he mean? a.they selected only certain cows to give milk. b.they bred cows for milking and cows for meat together. c.they used cows only for milking and not meat. d.they controlled which cows were bred based on their prior milk production.
Q:
the strategy likely to be used to comprehend the sentences last christmas eugene went to a lot of parties. this christmas he got very drunk again is: a.anaphoric reference b.reinstatement c.bridging d.none of the above
Q:
which of the following came first? a.human genome project b.selective breeding c.discovery of dna d.gene silencing
Q:
the distinction between direct matching and bridging is that in bridging: a. the reference is to something that occurred several sentences back b.the reference is to material that must be inferred c.the reference is by synonym instead of by exact repetition d.the reference has been ellipted
Q:
which of the following are strategies for establishing coherence? a.given/new, direct matching, and reinstating old information b.substitution, ellipsis, and conjunctive c.reiteration, synonomy, and hyponymy d.pronominal, demonstrative, and comparative
Q:
the difficulty of reading passages has been found to depend on: a.the distance of an antecedent to an anaphor b.whether a passage has both local and global structure c.whether the passage contains given or new information d.whether the sentence contains anaphoric or cataphoric reference
Q:
gregor mendel developed the experimental technique called: a.mendelian breeding b.selective breeding c.cross pollination d.cloning
Q:
the type of cohesion in which we use an expression to refer back to something previously mentioned in discourse is called ____ reference. a.lexical b.cataphoric c.assimilative d.anaphoric
Q:
gregor mendels discovery of the transmission of dominant and recessive genetic characteristics occurred during which time period? a.early 1700s b.mid-1800s c.about 1900 d.mid-1950s
Q:
sherri has only 23 chromosome pairs. how common is this in terms of human development? a.atypical b.typical c.atypical but not abnormal d.highly atypical and usually fatal
Q:
the complexity of humans is due to: a.a very large number of genes b.a large number of chromosomes c.the subtleties in the way genes are expressed d.the way that genes are organized into pairs of chromosomes
Q:
by replacing (rather than repeating) a lexical item in a sentence, we are using the form of cohesion known as: a.ellipsis b.anaphor c.lexical d.antecedent
Q:
the human genome project has made the surprising discovery that: a.humans have millions of genes in common with insects b.humans have about the same number of genes as other living creatures c.there are single, separate genes for each human psychological characteristic d.the genome is too complex to map at this time
Q:
the sentences the woman lost track of her little boy at the mall. she became very worried illustrate what type of cohesion? a.substitution b.lexical c.ellipsis d.reference
Q:
_______ connects individual sentences and ideas in a discourse. a.ellipsis b.reference c.macrostructure d.microstructure
Q:
the local structure of a text refers to: a.the inferences readers draw during discourse comprehension b.the relationships between individual sentences in a discourse c.the distinction between given and new information d.the process of referring back to previous material in discourse
Q:
according to the most recent estimate from the human genome project, humans have approximately how many genes? a.1,0005,000 b.20,00030,000 c.over 100,000 d.three times as many as most animals
Q:
what is the human genome project? a.an international effort to map the entire structure of the human genome b.a research project dedicated to human cloning c.an international investigation into the genetic basis of what it means to be human d.an effort by the national institutes of health to determine genetic heritability
Q:
a proposition is: a unit of meaning containing a predicate and one or more arguments
a structural representation of a sentence
a guiding principle in conversation
the outcome of identifying a general term with a specific meaning
Q:
which of the following sequences correctly orders the units of genetics, from the smallest and most specific to the largest and most inclusive?
a.dna → gene → chromosome
b.dna → chromosome → gene
c.gene → dna → chromosome
d.gene → chromosome → dna
Q:
_____ are composed of _____, which in turn are made of _____. a.chromosomes; dna; genes b.chromosomes; genes; dna c.genes; dna; chromosomes d.genes; chromosomes; dna
Q:
__________ is the process of relating incoming information to information already stored in permanent memory. a.instantiation b.inferencing c.elaboration d.retention
Q:
although we generally forget the exact form of a sentence shortly after we have heard or seen it, we tend to retain the exact wording when: a.it is repeated more than once b.it is pragmatically significant c. it is presented in an excessively polite way d.we know we will be tested on it
Q:
genes are components of: a.rna b.dna c.natural sugars d.protein
Q:
which of the following results did sachs (1967) obtain regarding the retention of sentence meaning and form? a.over time form deteriorated; meaning remained stable b.over time both form and meaning deteriorated c.over time both form and meaning remained stable d.over time meaning deteriorated; form remained stable
Q:
dna consists of: a.two intertwined strands of protein molecules b.two intertwined strands of genes c.a series of intertwined cells d.two straight stands of protein molecules
Q:
a gene is: a.a segment of dna that is involved in producing proteins that carry out specific tasks b.the same as a chromosome c.a segment of rna that carries out specific cellular building tasks d.programmed to produce protein irrespective of the environment
Q:
studies of metaphor comprehension converge on the conclusion that comprehension of metaphorical sentences is _____ comprehension of literal sentences. a.harder than b.fundamentally similar to c. easier than d.dependent on an initial literal interpretation of
Q:
the results of the human genome project indicate that humans have approximately _____ as many genes as a fly or worm. a.twice b.four times c.five times d.six times
Q:
which of the following is a conceptual metaphor? a.love is a journey b.our love is a bumpy rollercoaster ride c.our love is full of ups and downs d.all of the above
Q:
a criticism of the pragmatic theory of figurative language comprehension is that: a.literal meanings always precede figurative meanings b.figurative meanings are slower to comprehend than literal meanings c.people can comprehend a figurative meaning even if the literal meaning is acceptable d.literal meanings violate communicative convention
Q:
the view that we comprehend figurative language by first identifying the literal meaning and then inferring the intended meaning is found in the _____ theory. a.conceptual metaphor b.class-inclusion c.pragmatic d.instantiation
Q:
in considering a human characteristic, we could say that the _____ provides the options and the _____ determines which option is taken. a.gene; genome b.environment; genome c.genome; environment d.chromosome; genome
Q:
regarding the factors potentially influencing behavior, which of the following statements is true? a.behavior overwhelmingly reflects genetics. b.behavior mainly stems from environmental causes. c.behavior is generated mainly by the endocrine system. d.behavior reflects an interaction between genetics and the environment.
Q:
the term genetics is used to describe how: a.physical characteristics are passed on through inheritance b.behavioral and personality characteristics are passed on through inheritance c.physical, behavioral, and personality characteristics are passed on through inheritance d.physical and behavioral characteristics are passed on through inheritance
Q:
the convention of _____ states that we should aim to make our contributions relevant to the ongoing conversation. a.relation b.manner c.quality d.quantity
Q:
the convention of _____ states that we should make our contribution as informative as is required, but not more informative than is required. a.quality b.quantity c.relation d.manner
Q:
ortony (1975) suggested that we use ________ to communicate experiential information that is otherwise difficult to express a.convention b.metaphor c.felicity d.relation
Q:
growth hormone is released primarily through the actions of the _____ and is released from the _____. a.cerebral cortex; pineal gland b.hypothalamus; pineal gland c.cerebral cortex; pituitary gland d.hypothalamus; pituitary gland
Q:
in the metaphor billboards are warts on the landscape, the vehicle is: a.billboards b.warts c.landscape d.ugly protrusions on some surface
Q:
why did the increased availability and consumption of dietary protein in postworld war ii japan result in taller children? a.the dietary protein increased potassium levels in the bones, allowing the bones to produce higher amounts of the growth factor hormone. b.the growth factor hormone relies on dietary protein to build the bones and muscles. c.the dietary protein increased the size of the hypothalamus, resulting in greater growth factor hormone release. d.the gonads were able to utilize the increased protein to release growth factor hormone in higher amounts.
Q:
you might think of the pituitary gland as the master gland because it: a.is in the brain, the master of the body b.allows for the mastery of skills c.facilitates cognitive mastery of problems d.controls the release of hormones throughout the system
Q:
how does the hypothalamus influence physical growth? a.by affecting the release of growth hormone b.by activating calcium receptors in the bones and tissues c.by directing the reception of growth hormone at the receptor sites d.by overriding the action of the pituitary gland
Q:
in the metaphor billboards are warts on the landscape, the tenor is: a.billboards b.warts c.landscape d.ugly protrusions on some surface
Q:
which of the following would not be an effect of growth hormone? a.increased intelligence b.increased bone strength c.increased strength d.increased muscle mass
Q:
for a speech act to have effect, _________ must be present. a.tenor and ground b.illocutionary force c.felicity conditions d.relation and manner
Q:
studies of the comprehension of indirect speech acts have led to the conclusion that: a.indirect speech acts are easier to comprehend than direct speech acts b.indirect speech acts are harder to comprehend than direct speech acts c.indirect speech acts are no easier or harder to comprehend than direct speech acts when presented in an appropriate context d.indirect speech acts do not always initiate a response
Q:
growth hormone (gh) is released primarily through the action of the: a.cerebral cortex b.hypothalamus c.cerebellum d.thalamus
Q:
human growth hormone is released by which gland? a.pineal b.thyroid c.pituitary d.adrenal
Q:
the effect of an utterance on a listener is its _____ effect. a.locutionary b.illocutionary c.perlocutionary d.indirect
Q:
the gland that controls the release of hormones in the endocrine system is the: a.pineal b.thyroid c.pituitary d.adrenal
Q:
in austins (1962) terminology, the act of saying something represents the: a.perlocutionary effect b.felicity condition c.locutionary act d.illocutionary force
Q:
in describing the effects of the endocrine system and nervous system, the best word would be: a.independent b.interactive c.identical d.iterative
Q:
a speech act serves a.to communicate information b.to serve as an action c.to determine the literal meaning of a sentence d.to guide conversation
Q:
___________ means one thing literally but is taken to mean something different. a.felicity b.pragmatic theory c.relation d.figurative language
Q:
christianson and colleagues (2001) presented participants with sentences such as while anna dressed the baby played in the crib and found that many participants: a.misinterpreted the sentences initially then corrected themselves b.never actually comprehended the sentences accurately c.used a variety of parsing strategies d.tended to err when the sentences were long or used infrequent words
Q:
the effects of the central nervous system on the endocrine system are largely mediated by which brain structure? a.cerebral cortex b.hypothalamus c.cerebellum d.thalamus
Q:
just and carpenter (1992) found evidence that: a.individual differences in working memory capacity affect language processing abilities b.working memory size is the same for all individuals and cannot account for differences in language abilities c.working memory size varies across individuals but does not affect language comprehension d.individuals with smaller working memories are paradoxically able to process language more efficiently
Q:
the endocrine glands involved with sexual behavior are called the: a.thymus b.penis and vagina c.gonads d.pituitary
Q:
the view that we use all available information--syntactic, lexical, discourse, and so on--in our initial parsing of a sentence defines the ________ model of parsing. a.modular b.minimal attachment c.constraint-based d.lexical
Q:
modular views of parsing claim that: a.syntax is processed before semantics and pragmatics b.semantics and pragmatics are processed before syntax c.syntax, semantics, and pragmatics are processed simultaneously d.all of the above
Q:
though hormones and neurotransmitters are often chemically identical, the effect of hormones is slower than the effect of neurotransmitters because hormones: a.are delivered by the bloodstream b.are chemically very different from neurotransmitters c.are transported in the interstitial fluid d.affect only the peripheral nervous system
Q:
with respect to their relative functions, the endocrine and nervous systems: a.act separately and are specialized b.are interrelated; each system affects the other c.are identical, but the nervous systems effects are more diffuse d.have little to no overlap
Q:
hormones are to _____ as neurotransmitters are to _____. a.the endocrine system; the nervous system b.disease; dysfunction c.outside the skull; inside the skull d.sex; feelings
Q:
frazier and rayner (1982) found evidence for the _______ strategy, showing that we prefer attaching new items into the phrase marker being constructed using the fewest syntactic nodes possible. a.lexical preference b.minimal attachment c.immediacy d.late closure
Q:
in the sentence, tom said that bill had taken the cleaning out yesterday, we tend to attach the adverb yesterday to bill had taken, rather than tom said . this is an example of the: a.late closure strategy b.immediacy principle c.minimal attachment strategy d.lexical preference strategy
Q:
compared to neurotransmitters, hormones are: a.chemically different b.less important for the bodys functioning c.slower to act and longer lasting d.unable to bind to target receptors
Q:
the _____ is a communication system that influences thoughts, behaviors, and actions via hormones. a.somatic nervous system b.sympathetic system c.parasympathetic system d.endocrine system
Q:
the late closure strategy of parsing states that: a.we prefer to attach new items to the current constituent b.we prefer to make decisions about each word immediately, as we encounter it c.we prefer to use the fewest syntactic nodes possible d.we prefer to postpone interpretations of words until the sentence meaning is clear
Q:
as andre came into the room in which his introductory psychology exam would take place, he noticed that his heart rate had increased due to his _____. as he settled into the test and was able to correctly answer the questions, he calmed down. this response was due to the _____. a.endorphins; peripheral nervous system b.sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system c.central nervous system; peripheral nervous system d.endocrine system; autonomic nervous system
Q:
the sentence, the florist who sent the flowers was very pleased is grammatical because it contains a(n): a.embedded relative clause b.proposition c.conceptual metaphor d.late closure
Q:
nasim is driving on a snow-covered road, and her car begins to slide. the quick behavioral response and the increased heart rate and respiration she experiences are most likely due to the _____ nervous system; the feeling of relief and decrease in heart rate and respiration once she has the car under control again are most likely due to the _____ nervous system. a.parasympathetic; sympathetic b.sympathetic; parasympathetic c.autonomic; somatic d.somatic; autonomic
Q:
we apply the immediacy principle to: a.postpone interpreting a word or phrase until the sentence meaning is clear b.compute the literal meaning of a sentence before rejecting it c.maintain the exact wording of a sentence in memory d.reduce memory load when processing a sentence