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Psychology
Q:
research has shown that the effects of alcohol on emotions and behavior: a.are nearly identical across individuals b.are highly dissimilar with age, with young people enjoying the effects more c.may differ greatly based on the expectations of the individual who is drinking d.vary widely, depending on whether you are a frequent or chronic drinker
Q:
which of the following statements is not a theory suggested to explain gender differences in alcohol consumption? a.women do not metabolize alcohol as quickly, and they consume less to get the same psychoactive effect as men get. b.women may be as likely to drink, but they hide it better. c.drinking by men is more socially acceptable. d.women are less likely genetically to have an addictive personality.
Q:
microgenesis means a.the micro-analysis of development in diverse areas b.the same principles apply to microorganisms as to higher species c.each thought or perception undergoes development d.small, discrete behavior generates into broader forms
Q:
in their book, symbol formation, werner and kaplan argued that words a.retain their physical feeling tones in adults b.are tied to objects in conventional and arbitrary ways c.are mastered at a rapid pace in childhood d.can best be understood by referring to chomsky
Q:
a father remembers how large he must look to his 3-year-old son. the fathers awareness illustrates a.a comparative approach b.a differential approach c.a phenomenological approach d.all of the above
Q:
according to cross-cultural studies, _____ consume more alcohol. a.women b.men c.the elderly d.none of the above
Q:
werner said that eidetic imagery a.should be distinguished from what is commonly called photographic memory b.is an example of physiognomic perception c.is an example of synesthesia d.is more common in children than in adults
Q:
according to the world health organization, data suggest that _____ are most likely to engage in binge and heavy drinking. a.men b.women c.university students d.none of the above; it varies by culture
Q:
the old wintu woman who said the earth feels sore where the white men have abused it illustrates werners concept of a.physiognomic perception b.synesthesia c.multilinear development d.eidetic imagery
Q:
kevin has been drinking heavily since his early teens. now, in his late 50s, he has begun to experience significant memory effects and intellectual deterioration in addition to the liver damage due to his heavy alcohol intake. kevin has most likely developed: a.parkinsons disease b.huntingtons chorea c.korsakoffs syndrome d.frozen addict disorder
Q:
according to the text, werners orientation a.suggests the importance of early formal education b.suggests how literacy emerges out of other activities c.demonstrates that the best thinking is precise and abstract d.neglected the artistic side of child development
Q:
with respect to its neurochemical effects, alcohol is rewarding because it activates receptors for the neurotransmitter: a.norepinephrine b.dopamine c.glutamate d.acetylcholine
Q:
which of the following drugs costs the united states the most in terms of lost workdays, medical treatment, and rehabilitation costs? a.alcohol b.marijuana c.cocaine and methamphetamine d.opiates
Q:
which drug(s) is/are involved in more than half of fatal car accidents, one-third of homicides, and often risky sexual behavior? a.marijuana b.cocaine and methamphetamine c.opiates d.alcohol
Q:
werner believed that physiognomic perception is dominant in a.children b.artists c.schizophrenic patients d.all of the above
Q:
a 7-year-old girl no longer just hammers and nails, but first forms an image of what she wants to build, and this image now guides her actions. in werners terms, her new approach illustrates a.microgenesis b.hierarchic integration c.conceptual reasoning d.all of the above
Q:
which of the following relationships is not correct? a.marijuanathc receptors b.cocainedopamine receptors c.opiatesopiate receptors d.mdmaacetylcholine receptors
Q:
opiates such as heroin have enormous reward value to the brain because they _____ and _____. a.activate dopamine receptors; bind with opiate receptors b.inhibit dopamine receptors; bind with opiate receptors c.activate dopamine receptors; block opiate receptors d.inhibit dopamine receptors; block opiate receptors
Q:
in werners terminology, a person who sees a room as cold and rejecting illustrates a.differentiation b.hierarchic integration c.physiognomic perception d.all of the above
Q:
werner tried to a. refute piaget b. advance behaviorism c. tie thinking to the whole organism d. make a strong case that rousseau was correct
Q:
which of the following is not an effect of opiate drugs? a.feeling of intense pleasure b.pain relief or analgesia c.increased heart rate d.relaxation
Q:
in werners organismic theory a.perception is initially fused with actions and feelings b.the goal is to study psychological processes as separate functions c.the organism thinks abstractly from early infancy d.all of the above
Q:
ecstasy differs from amphetamines in that it _____ and _____. a.increases dopamine release; decreases serotonin release b.decreases dopamine release; increases serotonin release c.increases dopamine release; decreases mdma release d.decreases dopamine release; decreases mdma release
Q:
in comparison to cocaine, methamphetamine does all of the following except: a.increases the release of dopamine b.stays in the body longer c.is easier to manufacture d.has fewer side effects
Q:
in montessoris view, the teacher should be a.an authority to whom the child can turn for sound advice b.mainly out of the picture c.sociable and creative d.affectionate but not smothering
Q:
according to the text, research tends to show that montessori education, compared to other approaches, promotes a.the strongest advances in attitudes toward learning b.slow verbal development; advanced mathematical thinking c.clear advances in all areas of achievement d.little positive change; results are ambiguous
Q:
children who work with concerted effort and then, when finished, appear fresh and rested, demonstrate a process montessori called a.fulfillment b.normalization c.self-actualization d.satiation
Q:
your text associates frontal lobe damage with the long-term use of: a.methamphetamine b.marijuana c.lsd d.heroin
Q:
methamphetamine blocks the reuptake of dopamine. in this way, it is similar to: a.marijuana b.opiates c.cocaine d.marijuana
Q:
montessori agreed with rousseau that a. development is governed by an inner force b. children think differently from adults c. both a. and b. above d. neither a. nor b.
Q:
after using a recreational drug at a party, fawn became energetic, talkative, and lively. which of the following drugs did fawn most likely use? a.alcohol b.heroin c.cocaine d.marijuana
Q:
montessori materials with control of error a.enable children to detect their own errors b.keep errors to a minimum c.stimulate thinking by presenting carefully controlled errors d.guide children toward mastery in gradual steps
Q:
like methamphetamine, _____ increases the concentration of dopamine in the synapse. a.cocaine b.alcohol c.mdma d.heroin
Q:
according to the text, the most serious criticism of montessori is that a.she became too concerned with free choice b.she ignored fantasy and emotional factors c.research has not shown much teacher consistency across tasks d.her methods are restricted to young children
Q:
montessori thought teachers should a.use only rewards, never punishments b.use both rewards and punishments c.use neither rewards nor punishments d.use verbal punishments, but never physical punishments
Q:
marijuana has been known to produce memory effects in long-time users. this result is most likely due to the altering of a large percentage of _____ receptors in the _____ of the brain. a.cannabinoid; frontal lobe b.cannabinoid; hippocampus c.acth; frontal lobe d.acth; hippocampus
Q:
which of the following individuals is most likely to use marijuana for a medicinal purpose? a.an alzheimers patient for memory loss b.a schizophrenic to reduce fearful hallucinations c.an alcoholic to reduce the withdrawal symptoms d.a cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy to reduce nausea
Q:
in montessoris view, a teacher who needs to shout at his or her children is probably making the following mistake: the teacher a.has not set forth the class rules clearly and forcefully b.hasnt learned to use more subtle methods of control c.is using individual rather than group techniques of classroom control d.is not using materials that absorb the childrens interests
Q:
montessori a.valued independent thinking b.thought children need lots of time in nature c.taught writing before reading d.all of the above
Q:
the most widely used illegal drug is: a.cocaine b.alcohol c.amphetamines d.marijuana
Q:
tetrahydrocannabinol is the psychoactive chemical in which drug? a.marijuana b.mdma c.tetracycline d.crack cocaine
Q:
stimulant drugs have all of the following effects except: a.increased heart rate and blood pressure b.improved mood c.increased sleep d.increased mental concentration at low doses
Q:
montessori believed that childrens language learning a.is a matter of cultural teaching b.is governed by an innate mechanism c.is primarily a matter of imitating adults and older peers d.is gradual and continuous
Q:
to be considered a stimulant, a drug must _____ both _____ activity. a.decrease; mental and behavioral b.decrease; mental and emotional c.increase; mental and behavioral d.increase; mental and emotional
Q:
montessori said the best way to help children before they go to school is a.provide many toys b.provide clear discipline c.provide lots of warmth and love d.be sensitive to the childs own interests
Q:
montessoris sensitive periods a. are biologically based b. are periods when children work with great enthusiasm c. include walking, language, and the use of the hand d. all of the above
Q:
montessori a.frequently quoted locke b.had a relatively smooth personal life c.was italys first female physician d.initially worked with middle class children
Q:
a drug works by blocking normal reuptake of dopamine, allowing released dopamine to remain in the synapse for a longer period of time. this drug must be a(n): a.stimulant b.depressant c.opiate d.antipsychotic
Q:
in a special discussion on the ethological approach to play, the textbook author says a. play seems present in all young mammals b. play seems unique to humans and other primates c. play is primarily a product of culture d. bowlbys theory of play was quite correct
Q:
which of the following drugs is not a stimulant? a.cocaine b.crack c.methamphetamine d.thc
Q:
your friend is taking an over-the-counter medication. he claims that it is not a psychoactive drug, but you claim it is. what characteristic of the drug would most likely support your argument? a.the drug is available over the counter. b.the drug is legal. c.the drug activates the brains neurotransmitter receptors. d.the drug is nonprescription.
Q:
research suggests that the parents of insecure-ambivalent children a.are ambivalent about their desire to have children b.are primarily ambivalent about their childrens exploratory drive c.are preoccupied with winning their own parents love (p. 64) d.repress most feelings concerning attachment
Q:
which of the following would not be considered a psychoactive drug? a.a stimulant such as ritalin b.cocaine c.alcohol d.antibiotics
Q:
ainsworth describes insecure-avoidant children as a.avoiding new situations whenever possible b.avoiding strangers at all costs, but clinging to the mother c.consistently independent in both the home and the strange situation d.reacting defensively to the threat of maternal unresponsiveness
Q:
in bolwbys scheme, which does not begin in the same phase of attachment? a.crying out for a departing parent b. babbling c.separation anxiety d.stranger anxiety
Q:
a mind-altering substance that changes the brains neurochemistry by activating neurotransmitter receptors is called a: a.neuromodulator b.neurotoxin c.psychoactive drug d.psychoendorphin
Q:
between about 2 and 3 months, social smiles are elicited a. byany human feature b.primarily by caresses c. primarily by faces in the frontal position d.primarily by principal and secondary attachment figures
Q:
which of the following actions reflects a choice to engage with life, rather than to escape the self? a.gaining temporary relief from personal issues by engaging in a flow activity b.distracting oneself from reflecting on failures or problems c.escaping problems d.avoiding individuals and situations causing distress
Q:
in bowlbys scheme, a baby restricts smiling to familiar people a.during the second phase b.during the third phase c.when she shows a fear of strangers d.when she develops partnership behavior
Q:
regarding escapist pursuits, which of the following statements is true? a.escapist activities are associated with flow. b.escapist activities are almost always harmful. c.escapist activities are generally beneficial. d.escapist activities are sometimes harmless, but sometimes detrimental.
Q:
which of the following is not an example of an altered state of consciousness similar to meditation? a.runners high b.automated behavior c.religious ecstasy d.focused attention
Q:
in bowlbys scheme, which of the following does not occur during the same phase of attachment? a.the moro reflex b.social smiling c.greeting a returning parent d.cooing and babbling
Q:
laboratory research by hess documented the ending of the critical or sensitive period for imprinting is associated with a.locomotion b.visual acuity c.the capacity for association learning d.the onset of the fear response
Q:
which two factors are involved in runners high? a.endorphin release in the brain and a shift in consciousness similar to meditation states b.endorphin release in the brain and a focus on the running activity itself c.a shift in consciousness similar to meditation states and dopamine release in the brain d.a focus on the running activity itself and dopamine release in the brain
Q:
ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny means a.in evolution, genetic transmission is a recapitulatory process b.the development of a member of a species repeats the history of the species c.under stress, species always revert to the simplest modes of behavior d.all species originate from a common ancestor
Q:
which of the following people is experiencing flow? a.jill, as she commutes to work daily b.peter, who feels euphoric while running 7 miles c.linda, who enjoys shopping at the mall d.chris, as he washes his car
Q:
imprinting is most precisely defined as the process by which a.the releasing stimuli of instincts are filled in b.animals learn to follow their principal attachment figures c.animals learn the environment of adaptedness d.both humans and animals learn the objects of later sexual desires
Q:
the particular kind of experience that is so engrossing and enjoyable that you do it for its own sake, rather than because of its consequence, is called: a.self-reinforcing behavior b.escapism c.flow d.runners high
Q:
jim is supposed to drive his children to school, but he is thinking about a big project at work. he drives directly to work, rather than dropping the children off at school first. this behavior suggests that: a.driving has become an automated behavior for jim b.jim is unable to concentrate on two things at once c.jim is likely very tired d.thinking about the project interfered with jims driving ability
Q:
the bowlby/ainsworth advice on child-rearing is most similar to that of a. locke b. preformationism c. aries d. gesell
Q:
in their child rearing advice, bowlby and ainsworth say parents should a.be authoritative but not authoritarian b.teach children early independence c.take their cues from their children d.master goal-corrected behavior
Q:
according to research on the cognitive effects of meditation, which of the following statements is not correct? a.meditation may improve attention and reduce stress. b.long-term practicing of meditation may result in structural brain changes. c.meditation may delay age-related cognitive declines. d.meditation is identical to hypnosis.
Q:
ainsworth a. is credited with the concept of using the parent as a base of support (p. 60) b. considered bowlby to be too preoccupied with evolutionary theory c. could be criticized for basing all her ideas on white, middle class families d. all of the above
Q:
the difference between concentrative meditation and mindfulness meditation is: a.mindfulness meditation requires you to focus on mental images, whereas concentrative meditation requires you to concentrate on external objects b.mindfulness meditation involves listening to free-flowing thoughts without responding; concentrative meditation focuses attention on mental images or one particular thing c.concentrative meditation focuses the mind toward one thing; mindfulness meditation eliminates all thoughts during meditation d.concentrative meditation focuses the mind toward one thing; mindfulness meditation focuses on answering ongoing thoughts
Q:
which of the following is not a general form of meditation? a.focusing attention on one particular thing, such as ones breathing pattern b.consciously trying to stop your inner thoughts c.repeating a mantra d.listening to your inner voice without responding
Q:
according to ainsworth, in the healthiest pattern of attachment, the child is a. able to explore without the mothers presence b. securely attached c. vigilant d. cognitively gifted
Q:
which of the following is not considered a form of meditation? a.zen b.yoga c.transcendental meditation d.hypnosis
Q:
according to bowlby and ainsworth, a one-year-old boy who uses the mother as a base of support a.behaves in a healthy manner b.is a bit too dependent for this age c.is likely to be classified as insecure-ambivalent d.is likely to be classified as insecure-avoidant
Q:
according to bowlby, a human baby crawling after a parent a.is following innate, evolved tendencies b.has imprinted on the parent c.is attached to the parent d.all of the above
Q:
in concentrative mediation a person: a.focuses attention on one thing, such as a mantra b.allows thoughts to flow freely c.keeps her or his eyes open throughout the experience d.none of the above