Q&A Hero

Q: sam has to buy his girlfriend something for her birthday. one of the main reasons that sam could forget to do this is _____ due to _____. a.absentmindedness; decay b.transience; chunking c.absentmindedness; shallow encoding d.transience; shallow encoding

Q: amnesia is caused by all of the following except: a.brain injury c.disease b.coma d.trauma

Q: on which issue are the stage theories of erikson and piaget in agreement? a. whether all people reach the highest stages b. whether the stages represent hierarchic integrations c. whether biological maturation is a powerful force d. whether the stages are qualitatively different

Q: one of the criticisms of erikson, advanced by robert white, is that erikson a. overlooked the need for anthropological fieldwork b. didnt fully recognize maturational forces c. didnt fully recognize the importance of a historical perspective d. didnt capture all ego development in his concepts of modes

Q: yolanda has a brain tumor. after the tumor grew to a certain size, she could no longer form new memories. yolanda most likely has _____ amnesia. a.anterograde b.retrograde c.source d.childhood

Q: eriksons child rearing advice sounds most similar to that of a. gesell b. locke c. piaget d. skinner

Q: after taking a fall off your horse, you seem to have temporarily lost your memory for past events. the doctor will most likely say that you suffer from: a.cryptomnesia b.retrograde amnesia c.anterograde amnesia d.absentmindedness

Q: after a plane crash, sherrod wakes up in the hospital and can remember everything about his life. the doctor comes in, introduces himself, and explains the course of treatment. the next day, sherrod believes he has never met the doctor and asks him to explain the proposed treatment. the doctor is likely to diagnose sherrod with: a.a concussion b.retrograde amnesia c.anterograde amnesia d.absentmindedness

Q: eriksons stage of initiative vs. guilt is most closely related to piagets stage of a. sensorimotor intelligence b. preoperational thought c. concrete operations d. formal operations

Q: this type of amnesia results in a loss of past memories: a.retrograde amnesia b.anterograde amnesia c.source amnesia d.none of the above

Q: eriksons stage of industry vs. inferiority is most closely related to piagets stage of a. sensorimotor intelligence b. preoperational thought c. concrete operations d. formal operations

Q: scientists have developed a new drug that leaves your current memory intact, but people who take the drug can no longer learn new information. this drug produces: a.anterograde amnesia b.retrograde amnesia c.relearning interference d.proactive amnesia

Q: if the wicked witch of the east flew down and struck you with retrograde amnesia, you would be _____ to form new memories and _____ to remember events before the witch. a.unable; unable b.able; unable c.able; able d.unable; able

Q: looking at old age, erikson focused on a. the inner struggle for meaning b. the problem of being useless in america c. social and physical losses that require new adjustments d. the various styles people use to remain young and active

Q: after itohan was in a serious car accident she could remember everything that had happened to her before the accident, but she could not form new memories. itohan most likely has _____ amnesia. a.anterograde b.retrograde c.source d.childhood

Q: a psychosocial moratorium occurs at eriksons stage of a. industry vs. inferiority b. intimacy vs. isolation c. initiative vs. guilt d. identity vs. role confusion

Q: erikson seems to regard identity foreclosure as a. a necessary stage for all of us to go through b. tied to postconventional thought c. impoverishing the personality d. all of the above

Q: according to erikson, trust ultimately depends on a. the infants feeling that he or she is loved b. the parents consistency and predictability c. the resolution of anger in the mother/infant bond d. the parents own confidence

Q: a character on a tv show wanders into a hospital seeking help because he cannot remember who he is or where he is from. if the doctor on the show knows anything about memory, she will diagnose the man with: a.a concussion b.retrograde amnesia c.anterograde amnesia d.absentmindedness

Q: in the context of memory, persistence is: a.transience b.a type of distortion c.unwanted remembering d.ptsd

Q: dion keeps having nightmares and flashbacks about his brief time in the military. his chronic anxiety is most likely due to which disorder? a.attention deficit hyperactivity disorder b.obsessive-compulsive disorder c.posttraumatic stress disorder d.attention deficit disorder

Q: a child who is very curious, ambitious, and imaginative is most likely to be at eriksons stage of a. trust vs. mistrust b. autonomy vs. shame, doubt c. initiative vs. guilt d. industry vs. inferiority

Q: eriksons stages, compared to freuds, a. unfold in an invariant sequence b. are more general c. are more closely tied to libidinal zones d. are less hierarchically organized

Q: posttraumatic stress disorder is an example of: a.retrograde amnesia b.persistence c.anterograde amnesia d.none of the above

Q: in general, the strongest fixations seem to be due to a.excessive gratification b.excessive frustration c.inconsistent care d.unconscious fantasies

Q: clara thompson said that penis envy in girls is actually a.a cry for equal opportunity b.womb envy c.more valid than women will admit d.quite pathological

Q: people who were close to the location of the world trade center during the 9/11 terrorist attacks are very likely to show increased physiological responses to: a.planes overhead b.looming skyscrapers c.cars d.hospitals in the background

Q: melanie goes to the hospital emergency room hysterical and hurt because she has just been attacked. if the er doctor wants to be sure that melanie will not develop posttraumatic stress disorder as a result of the attack, he could give her _____, which block(s) postsynaptic _____ receptors. a.antidepressants; glucose b.propranolol; norepinephrine c.antidepressants; norepinephrine d.propranolol; glucose

Q: srimoyee and richa, who are college seniors, are reminiscing about their high school prom. srimoyee enjoyed the prom, but it was not particularly important to her. for richa, the prom was a very significant event. that was the night her boyfriend told her that he was going to break up with her because he had been secretly involved with richas best friend for quite a while. you would expect that srimoyee would have trouble _____ the prom and richa would have trouble _____ the prom. a.remembering; remembering b.forgetting; forgetting c.forgetting; remembering d.remembering; forgetting

Q: mahlers phase in which the child explores with unbridled enthusiasm is a. the normal autistic phase b. the symbiotic phase c. the rapprochement phase d. the practicing phase

Q: which of the following phenomena does memory bias not result from? a.the human tendency to exaggerate successes. b.the human tendency to minimize failures. c.the human tendency to have consistent beliefs. d.the human tendency to accurately report events.

Q: which is not a trait of autism? a. isolation from others b. avoidance of eye contact c. echoing of words d. competitive play

Q: the tendency to make memories consistent with current beliefs or attitudes is referred to as: a.confabulation b.repressed memories c.persistence d.memory bias

Q: mahler used which term to describe a state of non-differentiation between infant and mother? a. autism b. practicing c. symbiosis d. rapprochement

Q: the issue of parental discipline usually first arises at eriksons stage of a. trust vs. mistrust b. autonomy vs. shame, doubt c. initiative vs. guilt d. industry vs. inferiority

Q: at a party, you get into an argument with someone by making an insulting remark. the next day, you remember the argument as being the other persons fault. you do not remember that you were actually to blame because of: a.alcohol blocking b.absentmindedness c.memory bias d.confabulation

Q: the text suggests mahler casts light on schizophrenia through her concept of a. autism b. symbiosis c. rapprochement c. early practicing

Q: after a group project, the teacher asks each group member to rate the contribution of everyone in the group. all the group members have given their highest ratings to themselves. the teacher will be less puzzled by this outcome if she understands the concept of: a.alcohol blocking b.absentmindedness c.memory bias d.confabulation

Q: javier convinces suzanne to go with him to the sequel of a science fiction movie that he loved. though suzanne does not like science fiction, she agrees to go because javier has been raving about the original movie for years. the sequel is terrible, but javier sincerely praises it on the way home. javiers response to the movie represents: a.false memory b.memory bias c.confabulation d.rationalization

Q: which phrase below does not describe mahlers normal autism? a. inner focus b. stimulus barrier c. hyper alert d. still achieving physiological balance

Q: when the infant begins pulling back from the mother to inspect her, mahler used the term a. hatched b. conflicted c. the love affair with the world d. stranger anxiety

Q: people often maintain stereotypes about groups even after they have met individuals who contradict the stereotype. given the phenomenon of memory bias, what might one reason be that a stereotype does not change with new information? a.the memory for the individual shifts in the direction of the stereotype. b.memories of the individual are incorrectly combined into new ones. c.other people with similar beliefs give false interpretations of the individual. d.the person does not recognize the beliefs to be a stereotype.

Q: which of the following examples would be considered a flashbulb memory? a.the death of michael jackson b.the explosion of the challenger c.the terrorist attacks on september 11, 2001 d.all of the above

Q: when an infant realizes she needs mother but still seeks independence, the infant is in mahlers phase of a. rapprochement b. separation c. early practicing d. conflict

Q: mahlers belief in the caretakers patient availability is similar to the view of a. montessori b. ainsworth c. both montessori and ainsworth d. neither montessori nor ainsworth

Q: you vividly remember what you were doing when you heard about the terrorist attacks that occurred on september 11, 2001. what you remember is a _____ memory and is therefore likely to be _____. a.flashbulb; more accurate than memory for ordinary events b.true; more accurate than memory for ordinary events c.false; less accurate than memory for ordinary events d.flashbulb; as accurate as memory for ordinary events

Q: in therapy with severely disturbed children, one of mahlers most common goals was a. to promote a more pleasurable symbiosis b. to increase the infants independence c. to overcome internal object constancy d. to teach the child essential social skills

Q: according to the text, the most significant criticism of mahlers theory has to do with a. the phase of normal autism b. the phase of normal symbiosis c. the neglect of fathers role in development d. the absence of statistic data

Q: yu-ting vividly remembers the day that her husband took her completely by surprise when he proposed to her. she believes that she remembers every detail of the proposal. the research suggests that this _____ memory is _____ ordinary memories. a.photographic; more accurate than b.photographic; as accurate as c.flashbulb; more accurate than d.flashbulb; as accurate as

Q: which is not a symptom of autism? a. isolation b. echolalia c. self-stimulation d. excessive dependency

Q: your best friends favorite hamster died while you and a new neighbor were there. the most vivid memory of the event will be _____ because _____. a.yours; you have the best perspective b.the neighbors; she was totally unbiased c.your friends; she was emotionally involved d.the neighbors; she was getting new information

Q: crain, the textbook author, suggests a. mahler was completely wrong about the normal autism phase b. mahlers ideas could be extended to include oneness with nature c. mahler devalued piagets concept of object permanence d. mahler devalued eriksons concept of trust

Q: as you are telling a funny story, your boyfriend keeps interrupting you to say things like, no, it was sarah who said that, not latoya. either you or your boyfriend is experiencing: a.absentmindedness b.cryptomnesia c.source misattribution d.the sleeper effect

Q: mahlers concept of object constancy a. has little to do with piagets concept b. means overcoming the world of make-believe c. is a prerequisite to basic trust d. is an internal image of the mother

Q: when a person incorrectly remembers the time, place, person, or circumstances involved in a memory, he or she is experiencing: a.absentmindedness b.cryptomnesia c.source misattribution d.the sleeper effect

Q: roel watches a spoof of the news on the daily show. the next week, he describes the event in the spoof as having really happened. roels false belief that the news story was true is an example of: a.absentmindedness b.cryptomnesia c.suggestibility d.the sleeper effect

Q: bettelheim has stirred controversy because a. his suicide left many s unanswered b. he changed his view on the cause of autism c. he sometimes used physical force with the children d. he may have hidden some case reports

Q: having a memory for an event but not being able to remember where the information was encountered is referred to as: a.cryptomnesia b.source amnesia c.memory bias d.none of the above

Q: bettelheim believed that autistic symptoms a. are the childs greatest spontaneous achievement b. should be eliminated, but gradually c. are directly taught to them by parents and others d. are crude imitations of adult behavior

Q: in his treatment of autism, bettelheim believed in a. teaching self-help skills to give children independence b. personal development over conformity c. a good deal of parental involvement in his school d. all of the above

Q: according to bettelheim, autistic children a. do not feel their actins make a difference b. lack a sense of self c. fear for their lives d. all of the above

Q: laden has a memory of being given a wonderful teddy bear. she believes she is remembering her second birthday, but she cannot remember for sure. the earliest birthday she could be remembering is her _____ because until that time her _____ lobes were too immature. a.third; frontal b.third; temporal c.fifth; frontal d.fifth; temporal

Q: anita started to talk at 9 months and was speaking fluently by the time she was a year old; she crawled at 13 months and was walking at 15 months. xenia started to talk at 14 months and was speaking fluently just after her second birthday; she crawled at 10 months and was walking by her first birthday. one theory of childhood amnesia might predict that _____ will have memories from an earlier age because of her _____. a.anita; better linguistic capacity b.anita; cognitive precocity c.xenia; increased capacity to explore d.xenia; higher level of motor skill

Q: the text criticizes bettelheim for a. lack of clarity on the concept of autonomy b. encouraging too much unsocial behavior c. not providing statistical reports beyond his impressions d. failing to recognize the importance of behavioral approaches

Q: a phenomenological approach with autistic children includes a. putting ourselves in their shoes b. appreciating the need for autonomy c. looking at overt phenomena d. all of the above

Q: laken takes a course in which her professor talks about virginia woolfs novel, to the lighthouse. the next semester, laken writes a paper for another class on virginia woolf. in her paper, laken uses ideas that her earlier professor had presented, while believing that she has developed these ideas herself. lakens behavior comes from: a.absentmindedness b.cryptomnesia c.persistence d.the sleeper effect

Q: jacob has to write an essay for his college writing class and decides to write about a boy who makes a boat from popsicle sticks and sails it every day. when his teacher reads the essay, she realizes that jacob got the idea from a popular book. jacob denies knowing about the story from a book and honestly believes he thought of it himself. he is most likely suffering from: a.a concussion b.cryptomnesia c.source amnesia d.transience

Q: in schachtels view, the child from 1 to 5 years approaches the world a. through conventional categories b. largely through taste and touch c. through the autocentric senses d. with openness

Q: schachtel proposed that infantile amnesia primarily occurs a. because we cannot classify preverbal experiences b. because we repress sexual and aggressive memories c. because we repress sexual but not necessarily aggressive fantasies d. because of differences between long-term and short-term memory

Q: forgetting the store where you bought your blue sweater is analogous to _____. thinking that the red sweater is yours when you actually borrowed it from your sister is analogous to _____. a.source misattribution; absentmindedness b.absentmindedness; source misattribution c.the sleeper effect; cryptomnesia d.cryptomnesia; the sleeper effect

Q: eyewitness testimony is very convincing because people incorrectly assume that memory is like: a.a video camera b.a live journal c.an interactive web site d.the evening news report

Q: according to schachtel, the autocentric senses include a. smell and vision b. hearing and vision c. smell and taste d. hearing and touch

Q: on the topic of infantile amnesia, schachtel expanded on freud. freud saw infantile amnesia is primarily due to a. long-term memory loss b. pathology c. repression d. voluntary forgetting

Q: raul saw a car crash on the way to campus. yosep participated in a psychology experiment in which he saw a film of a car crash. how accurate would you expect these memories to be, given the research on event memory? a.yoseps memory will be more accurate than rauls memory. b.rauls memory will be more accurate than yoseps memory. c.raul and yosep will have equally accurate memories. d.yoseps memory will be more accurate, but rauls memory will be more vivid.

Q: jurors are listening to an eyewitness describe a murder. research on eyewitness testimony suggests that the jurors will be: a.good at judging the accuracy of the testimony b.good at judging accuracy if the witness has detailed information c.poor at judging accuracy if the witness lacks confidence d.poor at judging the accuracy of the testimony in general

Q: according to jung, which development is not characteristic of the second half of life? a. a turning inward b. a shift in gender role attitudes c. a greater emphasis on social success d. new attention to the neglected parts of the personality

Q: compared to freud, jung placed more emphasis on a. the ego b. cultural factors c. unconscious fantasies d. spiritual strivings

Q: many people who have been convicted of crimes based on eyewitness testimony are later found, through dna evidence, not to be guilty. which of the following statements is a common reason for why eyewitness testimony may lead to false convictions? a.eyewitness confidence is not a reliable indication of the accuracy of the story. b.eyewitnesses are usually not questioned seriously enough by the defense. c.eyewitnesses frequently lie to make their stories more dramatic. d.judges instruct juries to prioritize eyewitness testimony over other evidence.

Q: the police have put an asian american suspect in a lineup of asian americans. the identification is most likely to be accurate if the eyewitness is: a.caucasian b.asian american c.african american d.hispanic

Q: compared to most developmental psychologists, schachtel was more a. maturational b. environmental c. cognitive d. phenomenological