Q&A Hero

Q: dynamic systems theory views development as arising from the interaction between a child and: a.the childs cultural context b.the childs environmental context c.the childs genetic makeup d.both a and b

Q: comparisons across cultures regarding when children achieve particular developmental milestones indicate that: a.culture plays a role in when children achieve developmental milestones b.crawling occurs at the same age in all cultures c.the achievement of developmental milestones shows a consistent general pattern across cultures d.no generalizations can be made regarding the process of human development without taking culture into account

Q: cross-cultural research shows that infants reach different developmental milestones: a.at exactly the same pace b.at different paces c.occasionally at different paces, but almost always at the same pace d.none of the above

Q: which of the following conditions is a disorder or syndrome that exemplifies the conflict between womens personal rights versus the effects of womens behavior on their infants? a.down syndrome b.fetal alcohol syndrome c.hemophilia, a genetic bleeding disorder d.mental retardation

Q: what is the name of the drug taken by women in the late 1950s and early 1960s to ease morning sickness and later found to produce birth defects (e.g., limb deformities)? a.thorazine b.imipramine c.ethanol d.thalodimide

Q: environmental influences begin to affect childrens development: a.when they are able to move about in their environments b.shortly after conception c.within hours of birth d.as soon as they begin attending to peers

Q: which of the following statements is not true of teratogens? a.teratogens include any chemical in the environment that negatively affects a developing embryo or fetus. b.teratogens are a group of recessive genes that affect the child while still in the womb. c.teratogens include alcohol, prescription drugs, and environmental chemicals. d.teratogens are often avoidable.

Q: the drug thalidomide, when administered to pregnant women: a.facilitated the development of immune responses in offspring b.resulted in a high incidence of severe birth defects c.did not relieve the negative symptoms of pregnancy as had been hoped d.balanced the levels of hormones that a fetus was exposed to

Q: which of the following conditions is a preventable birth defect? a.down syndrome b.fetal alcohol syndrome c.hemophilia, a genetic bleeding disorder d.mental retardation

Q: your aunt who drinks just got pregnant. what of the following actions would you recommend to her? a.she should quit drinking immediately. b.she should stop drinking, but could begin to smoke. c.she can drink safely up until the end of the first trimester. d.it is already too late to avoid harm to her fetus, so it does not matter what she does.

Q: which of the following items are considered potential teratogens? a.drugs b.bacteria c.viruses d.all of the above

Q: sandra is a very emotional person. she becomes even more emotional when she is pregnant with her first child. a psychologist is counseling her about the effects of being highly stressed and distraught during her pregnancy. which of the following effects is a possible result of sandras highly emotional state on her baby? a.her stress may affect the fetus via exposure to high levels of stress hormones. b.her stress levels will impair future thyroid functioning in the fetus, resulting in growth difficulties. c.her stress may expose the fetus to high levels of testosterone, resulting in high aggression. d.there are no known effects on fetus development.

Q: maternal hormones: a.have little effect on a fetuss development because the fetus is isolated from the mothers blood supply b.can affect physical development, such as the time at which a child will walk, but not mental variables, such as iq c.can have important effects on variables such as intellectual development d.have an effect on a fetuss development only in the first trimester

Q: which is likely to be the most critical period of fetal development and why? a.zygote, because most of the internal organs are formed during this period b.embryo, because most of the internal organs are formed during this period c.fetus, because most of the internal organs are formed during this period d.infant, because the baby is finally viable

Q: the embryonic stage of development ends at _____ weeks of development. a.24 b.32 c.2 d.8

Q: the zygotic stage of development ends at _____ weeks of development. a.24 b.32 c.2 d.8

Q: the term embryo describes the stage of development from: a.conception to approximately 2 weeks after conception b.approximately 2 weeks after conception to approximately 2 months c.approximately 2 months to birth d.during the last trimester

Q: what is the name of the developmental stage that occurs from approximately 2 months to birth? a.zygote b.embryo c.fetus d.infant

Q: what is the name of the developmental stage that occurs from approximately 2 weeks after conception to approximately 2 months? a.zygote b.embryo c.fetus d.infant

Q: what is the name of the developmental stage that occurs from conception to approximately 2 weeks after conception? a.zygote b.embryo c.fetus d.infant

Q: the fetus has a heart by: a.the second month b.the fifth month c.the seventh month d.birth

Q: which of the following areas is not likely to be studied by developmental psychologists? a.the central role that culture plays in the order in which children develop certain skills b.the critical point in fetal development that is responsible for social behaviors c.the effects of exercise on memory in individuals with amnesia d.the neurotransmitters critical for the hardwiring of reflexes in the brain

Q: what is the correct order of the periods of the human developmental progression? a.prenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood b.prenatal, infancy, adolescence, childhood, adulthood c.prenatal, infancy, childhood, adulthood, adolescence d.none of the above

Q: what are some of the changes that a developmental psychologist might be interested in studying? a.cognitive b.physiological c.social d.all of the above

Q: most psychologists now agree that behavior is the product of nature and nurture. an example of this interaction is that: a.if the environment can prevent a gene from expressing itself, that gene will have little influence on behavior b.genes focus our attention on aspects of the environment that are required for our survival c.if nature has not prepared us to respond to a particular environmental stimulus, we cannot learn to respond to it d.we are unable to adapt to changes in the environment

Q: recently, in florida, a 7-year-old girl was found to have suffered much of the same types of neglect and abuse that genie suffered, as described in your text. given the florida girls age, you would expect that she: a.will also not recover, as the brain is set in infancy and cannot be changed b.might have slightly more recovery than genie because the florida girl is quite a bit younger than genie was when she was found c.is likely to completely recover because the brain is not set until the teen years d.unlike genie, will definitely recover because we are much better at repairing the brain today

Q: it is difficult to draw strong conclusions regarding a sensitive period for language on the basis of genie and other feral children because: a.it is unclear how old they are b.their language exposure was minimal during childhood c.some are abused or neglected d.they cannot speak

Q: the case of genie, discussed in your textbook, illustrates: a.how autism can affect behavior b.the negative impact of social isolation on normal development c.that brain development is relatively unaffected by ones early environment d.that early language develops even in the absence of environmental stimulation

Q: which of the following is not true about the young girl named genie described in your text? a.genie had been severely neglected and abused. b.genie had no language, self-help skills, or real-world knowledge when she was found. c.genie was able to overcome all the obstacles of her early life and is essentially normal today. d.genie engaged in animal-like behavior.

Q: for a research study on the origins of gender differences, participants took a short math test. the researcher told the experimental group, women perform as well as men on this math test. the control group was given no information about gender differences on the task. the short math test was then administered to both groups. based on stereotype threat, what are the most likely findings? a.in the experimental group, women performed as well on the task as men. b.in the experimental group, women performed better on the task than men. c.men and women in both the experimental and control groups performed equally well on the task. d.in the control group, women performed better on the task than men.

Q: a black man and a white man with equal iq scores are told that the test they are about to take will directly measure their intelligence. if _____ becomes a factor for the black man, he is likely to do _____ on the test than the white man will. a.stereotype threat; better b.stereotype threat; worse c.defensive performance; better d.defensive performance; worse

Q: alice and joanne take the same test of mathematical ability. alice is told about stereotype threat and how it can affect performance, but joanne is not. joanne will most likely score _____ alice on the math test. a.lower than b.higher than c.the same as d.it is not possible to predict their relative scores.

Q: a study used brain imaging on women solving math problems. group a was reminded that women usually perform poorly in math. group b was not. the scans of the two groups showed that group a showed: a. similar brain activity as group b b. more brain activity in the areas involved in learning math c. more brain activity in the areas involved in social and emotional processing d. less brain activity in the areas involved in social and emotional processing

Q: why does stereotype threat reduce performance? a.it decreases the capacity of short-term memory. b.it disorganizes information in long-term memory. c.it biases encoding from sensory memory. d.both a and c are correct.

Q: a study finds that women do as well as men in math courses at all levels. if heather reads this story before taking her calculus final, she will be _____ likely to do well, because of _____. a.less; positive role models b.more; positive role models c.more; reduced stereotype threat d.less; reduced stereotype threat

Q: grace and patrick go to the career center at their school for advice about possible careers. if all that the counselor knew about them was their genders, she might recommend that grace become a(n) _____ and patrick become a(n) _____. a.architect; lawyer b.lawyer; architect c.doctor; chef d.chef; doctor

Q: which baby will have the highest iq? a.a white baby b.a latino baby c.an african american baby d.it is impossible to tell about an individual child

Q: research indicates that the average difference in intelligence between men and women is: a.0 iq points b.5 iq points c.7 iq points d.10 iq points

Q: chiamaka has curly black hair and dark skin and is an excellent musician. kara has straight red hair and white skin and is great at basketball. approximately what percentage of their genetic code is the same? a.10 percent b.49 percent c.99 percent d.55 percent

Q: peter is a very precocious 4-year-old. he is already starting to read and has the vocabulary of a 10-year-old. peters parents are very academic. their house is filled with books and intellectual conversation. what is the most reasonable conclusion about the source of peters high intelligence? a.he inherited the genes for high intelligence from his parents. b.his parents provided the stimulation needed to develop high intelligence. c.his intelligence resulted from an interaction of genes and environment. d.either genes or the environment could be the causal factor for his high intelligence.

Q: which of the following questions best summarizes the modern version of the nature/nurture question about intelligence? a.is intelligence primarily determined by genetics? b.is intelligence primarily determined by the environment? c.to what extent do genes and the environment overlap in their effects? d.what roles do genes and the environment play in intelligence?

Q: many school systems advocate having children who turn 5 just before the school entry deadline wait a year so that they will be more socially mature when they start kindergarten. what does the literature on iq scores suggest about a possible consequence of this approach? a.the delayed schooling may lower their iqs. b.they may have higher iqs when they start school. c.there may be effects on achievement but not on iq. d.added social maturity may facilitate iq development.

Q: research on the brain development of mice that are raised in environments offering different degrees of stimulation suggests that the increased intelligence seen in children raised in more stimulating environments is due to: a.activation of genes involved in forming new neurotransmitters b.increases in the kinds of neurons formed c.increases in the number of new neurons formed d.more synaptic connections

Q: which one of the following findings is the best evidence that environment plays an important role in determining intelligence? a.identical twins raised by different families from birth have more similar iqs than fraternal twins raised together. b.nontwin siblings raised together have more similar iqs than nontwin siblings raised apart. c.children have iqs that are more similar to the iqs of their parents than to the iqs of their siblings. d.children adopted from different biological parents but raised by the same adoptive parents have small iq correlations as adults.

Q: jameisia has always loved numbers. when she starts first grade, she grasps basic math immediately. her teacher is so impressed that she gives jameisia increasingly complicated work in math. jameisia goes on to become a superb math student all the way through school. what is the most reasonable conclusion about the source of jameisias success in math? a.her genetically determined ability made the environment irrelevant. b.the environment acted as a social multiplier for her innate ability. c.the environment allowed her innate abilities to become apparent. d.her genetically determined ability found a compatible environment.

Q: which one of the following findings is the best evidence that genetics plays an important role in determining intelligence? a.identical twins raised apart have more similar iqs than fraternal twins raised together. b.fraternal twins raised together have more similar iqs than nontwin siblings raised together. c.children have iqs that are more similar to the iqs of their siblings than to the iqs of their parents. d.children adopted from different biological parents but raised by the same adoptive parents have fairly similar iqs as young children.

Q: the flynn effect suggests that what factor has not been involved in the increase in iq scores over the last century? a.education b.technology c.genetics d.nutrition

Q: what is the strength and direction of the correlation between years in school and iq? a.weak negative correlation b.strong positive correlation c.strong negative correlation d.no correlation

Q: breast-feeding a child for more than 6 months leads to _____ intelligence. a.a 5 to 7 point increase in b.no change in c.a social effect on d.a 2 to 4 point increase in

Q: the finding that iq scores have increased dramatically over the last century is known as: a.the 100-year effect b.enrichment effects c.the flynn effect d.neurogenesis

Q: if you were trying to separate the effects of inheritance from the effects of environment, comparing which groups of subjects would give you the strongest evidence? a.monozygotic and dizygotic twins b.twins and their nontwin siblings c.adopted children and children raised by their biological parents d.monozygotic twins reared together and monozygotic twins adopted into separate homes

Q: joe is especially talented at memorizing material that he reads in books. however, he has significant difficulty getting to work in the morning because the bus schedule confuses him. joe most likely: a.performs quickly on simple reaction time tests b.has a high iq c.is like galton d.is a savant

Q: kelsey and andreas are participating in the same two psychology experiments. the first task is to listen to a list of numbers and repeat them back in the same order. the second task is to determine how many prime numbers are on the list. kelsey has an iq of 123 and andreas has an iq of 111. there ought to be a _____ difference between kelsey and andreass performance on the repetition task and a _____ difference between kelsey and andreass performance on the counting prime numbers task. a.small; small b.large; large c.large; small d.small; large

Q: brianna has an iq of 129 and jenna has an iq of 117. brianna performs better than jenna does on a simple reaction time test and a choice reaction time test. it is most likely that brianna outperforms jenna by: a.about the same amount on the two tests b.much more on the test of simple reaction time c.much more on the test of choice reaction time d.both a or b

Q: dr. bui is conducting a series of studies examining the speed at which people can complete different cognitive tasks. she plans to examine the results to determine how information is processed in these tasks. what approach is dr. bui using toward the study of intelligence? a.biological b.analytical c.fluid d.cognitive

Q: john fell off his bike without a helmet and injured his frontal lobes. if he were to take an iq test, what aspect would be impaired? a.crystallized intelligence b.verbal intelligence c.fluid intelligence d.spatial intelligence

Q: johann has an iq of 104 and avi has an iq of 115. johann has a much higher level of interpersonal intelligence and kinesthetic intelligence than avi. they are both trying to listen to their psychology lecture at the same time that someone is sitting outside the room playing an ipod loudly. you might expect that johann will: a.pay better attention to the lecture than avi b.pay worse attention to the lecture than avi c.divide his attention between the lecture and music better than avi d.divide his attention between the lecture and music worse than avi

Q: dr. lecap is taking brain scans of people while they do simple cognitive tasks. he notices that the event-related potential (erp) waves of 20 participants occurred significantly faster than the waves of the other 50 participants. dr. lecap could conclude from this finding that the 20 people with faster erp waves were _____ than the 50 people with the slower waves. a.more intelligent b.more highly motivated c.working harder and more intelligent d.more highly motivated and working harder

Q: a classic childrens game involves placing a set of objects on a table under a cloth. the cloth is lifted very briefly. after the cloth is replaced, the child then tries to remember as many of the objects as possible. eleazar (iq 132), sean (110), suzanne (112), and diem (125) are playing. in what order (from high to low) should the children score in this game? a.eleazar, diem, sean, suzanne b.eleazar, diem, suzanne, sean c.sean, suzanne, diem, eleazar d.sean and suzanne, diem, eleazar

Q: sharda and onyedikachi are participating in a psychology study. shardas task is to press a button as rapidly as possible whenever she sees a circle on the computer screen. onyedikachis task is to press a red button if he sees a circle and a green button if he sees a square, also as rapidly as possible. shardas study is measuring _____ reaction time, and onyedikachis study is measuring _____ reaction time. a.basic; complex b.simple; choice c.basic; choice d.simple; complex

Q: a scientist interested in studying intelligence shows people a stimulus and then quickly takes it away. the scientist then does this repeatedly, with the stimulus shown for different amounts of time, to find out how much time is needed for the participant to correctly answer a question about the stimulus. people who can perform this task with very short durations are likely to: a.score within the normal range on intelligence tests b.score lower on intelligence tests c.score higher on intelligence tests d.do poorly on inspection time tests

Q: intelligence is associated with higher performance on which cognitive task(s)? a.simple reaction time b.inspection time c.choice reaction time d.all of the above

Q: a larger volume of neuronal cell bodies in areas that support attentional control is related to _____ intelligence but not to _____ intelligence. a.general; emotional b.emotional; general c.crystallized; fluid d.fluid; crystallized

Q: the link between working memory and attention is most likely due to: a.processing speed b.storage capacity c.processing strategies d.maintaining attention

Q: which of the following factors are associated with greater longevity? a.high intelligence and faster reaction time b.larger memory span and high intelligence c.faster reaction time and larger memory span d.faster reaction time

Q: galton believed that the most important factor in intelligence was: a.the amount of available neural storage b.the efficiency of the brain c.the relative size of lobes of the brain d.a dominant left hemisphere

Q: recent mri studies have found that about _____ of the variability among people in intelligence is accounted for by brain volume. a.5 percent b.10 percent c.25 percent d.50 percent

Q: which memory system is most closely related to intelligence test scores? a.sensory b.working c.semantic d.episodic

Q: _____ describes intelligence as a unitary construct. _____ describes two aspects of intelligence. _____ describes multiple intelligences. a.the stanford-binet test; the wechsler adult intelligence scale; gardners approach b.the wechsler adult intelligence scale; gardners approach; the stanford-binet test c.gardners approach; the stanford-binet test; the wechsler adult intelligence scale d.the stanford-binet test; gardners approach; the wechsler adult intelligence scale

Q: the concept of emotional intelligence has been criticized for considering a set of skills to be a form of intelligence. which other theory of intelligence has been criticized for the same reason? a.gardners b.sternbergs c.binets d.spearmans

Q: hyun is working on a chemistry project with raul. raul insists on doing things his way and argues with all of hyuns suggestions. hyun finds himself getting angry. before he says something nasty, hyun reminds himself that the goal is to complete a good project and fighting with raul will not accomplish that. hyun is clearly high on which of the four attributes of emotional intelligence? a.recognizing other peoples emotions b.managing his own emotions c.understanding emotional language d.managing other peoples behavior

Q: alina is a straight a student in an honors business program, and she has had very prestigious internships. during her job interviews, alinas arrogance about her own abilities comes through. she fails to realize from their reactions that the interviewers are looking for team players, not independent superstars. alina is not offered any of these jobs because she lacks: a.intrapersonal intelligence b.general intelligence c.fluid intelligence d.emotional intelligence

Q: which of the following abilities is not an aspect of emotional intelligence? a.using our own emotions to guide thoughts and actions b.managing other peoples emotions c.understanding emotional language d.recognizing other peoples emotions

Q: emotional intelligence encompasses which of gardners multiple intelligences? a.verbal and intrapersonal b.interpersonal and kinesthetic c.interpersonal and intrapersonal d.verbal and kinesthetic

Q: in contrast to gardners idea of several independent intelligences dealing with different intellectual content, sternbergs theory involves: a.cognitive processes comprised by intelligence b.different aspects of intelligence c.three highly correlated abilities d.biological-based forms of intelligence

Q: in terms of sternbergs theory of intelligence, an architect who draws blueprints of a standard house is showing _____ intelligence; the contractor who builds the house is showing _____intelligence. a.analytical; creative b.creative; practical c.practical; analytical d.analytical; practical

Q: most proposed designs for the vietnam war memorial involved statues of soldiers. the winning design was a low black wall inscribed with the names of the dead. the architect who submitted the winning design is clearly very high in sternbergs _____ intelligence. a.analytical b.practical c.creative d.emotional

Q: an important difference between gardners multiple intelligences and the use of g in multiple areas is that gardners intelligences are defined _____ and the skills associated with general intelligence are defined _____. a.descriptively; statistically b.qualitatively; analytically c.normatively; quantitatively d.subjectively; objectively

Q: sun is a wonderful history student. according to spearmans theory, her abilities at science should be _____; according to gardners theory, her abilities at science should be _____. a.high; unrelated b.low; high c.high; high d.unrelated; high

Q: daniel plans to attend law school and later run for political office. which of gardners multiple intelligences will he need to be a good law student? which will he need to become a successful politician? a.linguistic; mathematical b.logical/mathematical; interpersonal and intrapersonal c.logical/mathematical; linguistic and interpersonal d.linguistic and logical/mathematical; interpersonal