Q&A Hero

Q: which emotion is an infant capable of expressing at birth? a.joy b.disgust c.pain d.all of the above

Q: sadao seems to make the same mistakes over and over again. his friends are constantly telling him, dont do that. remember how badly it turned out the last time! but sadao never listens. he insists, every time, that this is a new situation. according to somatic marker theory, sadao most likely has damage to his: a.amygdala b.hippocampus c.frontal lobes d.prefrontal cortex

Q: margarita is a brilliant student. the men she has dated in the past have had trouble dealing with her academic success. margarita just won a full scholarship for her last two years of college. she is going to tell her current boyfriend at dinner, and she feels nauseated every time she thinks about it. margaritas reaction can easily be explained by: a.somatic marker theory b.affect-as-information theory c.the dominance of emotions over cognition d.conflict between her desire to take the scholarship and to please her boyfriend

Q: tameri and khai have found a house to buy that they really like. the day they found it, they had been having a wonderful time house hunting and planning their life together. a few days later, after having had a miserable day at work, khai goes back to look at the house again. you could predict that khai will like the house: a.more because it will remind him of tameri b.more because of belief persistence c.less because of his bad day at work d.less because his second look will be more objective

Q: according to the affect-as-information theory, we use: a.current moods to make judgments, even if we do not know the sources of our moods b.prior moods to make judgments, even if we do not know the sources of our moods c.current moods to make judgments, but only if we know the sources of our moods d.prior moods to make judgments, but only if we know the sources of our moods

Q: paul is getting married on sunday. on saturday, he is riding in a very exciting and somewhat dangerous bicycle race. he knows that it is not sensible to risk an injury the day before his wedding. but he really wants to race, and he feels sure that he can do so safely. pauls decision to ride in the race demonstrates that: a.potential rewards influence decisions more than potential punishments b.emotions influence decisions more than cognitions c.positive emotions influence decisions more than negative emotions d.certain rewards influence decisions more than possible punishments

Q: sydney has been asked about her life satisfaction. to answer the question, she reflects on how she feels right now, and right now she is in a positive mood. according to the affect-as-information theory, sydney will most likely respond that: a.she cannot answer without thinking for a while about all aspects of her life b.she is generally unhappy with her life c.she is generally happy with her life d.it is not possible to know how she will respond

Q: imagine you will be going to zambia on a field trip. the research on facial expressions and emotion would suggest you should: a.take care because the zambians will not be able to read your expressions b.not assume that you are reading zambian expressions accurately c.not worry much about misinterpretation of facial expressions d.both a and b

Q: japanese students were shown film clips designed to provoke strong emotions. when a student watched the clip with other people, she showed little outward emotion. when the student watched the clips alone, she showed the same emotions as are seen in american college students. the difference in emotional expression in the two situations shows the influence of: a.cultural display rules b.cues from experimenter expectancies c.responding to interpersonal rather than intrapersonal factors d.conformity to the emotional expression of other people

Q: when suellen learns that her roommate will be an international student from britain, she is worried that her roommate will be stiff and reserved. she is very surprised, but pleased, when diana turns out to be bouncy and emotional. suellen is surprised because dianas behavior violates: a.cross-cultural congruence b.gender norms for emotionality c.cultural display rules d.both a and c

Q: the universal aspect of emotions is the _____ which they are expressed; the culture-specific aspect of emotions is the _____ which they are expressed. a.facial expressions in; body cues in b.body cues in; facial expressions in c.conditions under; way in d.way in; conditions under

Q: cross-cultural research on emotions conveyed by facial expressions shows that: a.some facial expressions are universal, suggesting a biological basis b.some facial expressions are not universal, suggesting a cultural basis c.all facial expressions are universal, suggesting a cultural basis d.all facial expressions are not universal, suggesting a biological basis

Q: the strongest cross-cultural congruence in the identification of emotions seems to involve _____, and the weakest seems to involve _____. a.fear and disgust; happiness b.happiness; fear and disgust c.happiness and joy; fear and pain d.fear and pain; happiness and joy

Q: when people view a face that is displaying an emotion, which part is most important in determining how the viewers perceive the emotion? a.forehead b.eyes c.nose d.mouth

Q: the _____ is/are the facial feature that best expresses emotion on its own; the _____ is/are the facial feature that best expresses emotion as part of the whole face. a.mouth; eyes b.eyes; eyes c.eyes; mouth d.mouth; mouth

Q: lavonne is majoring in engineering, but she dislikes all of her engineering classes and loves all of her government classes. one day, when lavonne is reading political science to avoid reading engineering, she decides to change her major and become a lawyer. lavonnes decision reflects which quality of emotions? a.they increase the probability of survival and reproduction. b.they provide cues to facilitate interpersonal dynamics. c.they provide information about significant personal goals. d.they increase the probability of avoiding immediate danger.

Q: a major aspect of depression is persistently negative cognitive attributions about the self, life, and the future. depression would seem to involve the emotional coping strategy of: a.thought suppression b.cognitive avoidance c.rumination d.distraction

Q: posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is characterized by attempts to avoid thinking about a seriously traumatic event, accompanied by flashbacks to and nightmares about that event. ptsd would seem to involve the emotional coping strategy of: a.thought suppression b.cognitive avoidance c.rumination d.distraction

Q: jeremiah is very attracted to annie, but he cannot even get her attention. all annie can think about is her old boyfriend, and she thinks about him all of the time. this situation exemplifies one of the major problems with _____; it _____. a.thought suppression; intensifies the feeling of loss b.thought suppression; impedes focusing on solutions c.rumination; impedes focusing on solutions d.rumination; intensifies the feeling of loss

Q: cynthias psychology professor was talking today about how hard it would be not to think about purple unicorns. though cynthia has never once before thought about a purple unicorn, she finds that she cannot stop thinking about them now. cynthia is experiencing _____ as a result of her attempts at _____. a.the rebound effect; rumination b.the rebound effect; thought suppression c.cognitive persistence; rumination d.cognitive persistence; thought suppression

Q: blake is waiting to hear whether he has been accepted to medical school. he is so anxious that he is having trouble working. to cope with the situation, he tries to keep himself from thinking about medical school or the admissions process. by engaging in this _____, blake is likely to _____. a.rumination; rebound and improve his mood b.rumination; delay his medical school admissions c.thought suppression; think about medical school even more d.thought suppression; reduce his anxiety

Q: ever since his girlfriend broke up with him, marcus has been going over the breakup in his mind. why did she leave? how could i have stopped her? we had such wonderful times. i miss her so much. marcus is coping with his feelings through: a.thought suppression b.misattribution c.rebound d.rumination

Q: research on thought suppression has shown that trying to suppress negative thoughts can lead to: a.misattribution b.humor c.distraction d.a rebound effect

Q: in recent years, people all across the country have formed laughter groups, in which a small number of people get together on a regular basis to laugh. they do not generate their laughter by watching funny movies or telling jokes. instead, they simply laugh deliberately for some period of time. even though the laughter is occurring without humor, people in these groups enjoy improved mental and physical health. the primary reason for these results is that: a.the act of laughing is a cue to positive affect b.laughter has physiological effects that are similar to exercise c.james was right; we base our moods on our actions d.laughter makes us remember other happy times

Q: bethanys boyfriend has just broken up with her. at first, she is heartbroken, thinking she has lost the perfect man. as the weeks go by, she realizes that she had never acknowledged the negative aspects of the relationship. eventually, she comes to see the breakup as an opportunity rather than a disaster. bethany is engaging in _____, which research suggests will _____. a.rumination; change neural processing of emotion b.rumination; change patterns of physiological arousal c.reappraisal; change patterns of physiological arousal d.reappraisal; change neural processing of emotion

Q: dagmar and bjorg have gone down the most demanding ski trail at the resort. back at the lodge, they suddenly find that their attraction for each other has increased greatly. this effect is most likely due to: a.physiological arousal b.excitation transfer c.subjective emotional appraisal d.cognitive analysis

Q: gavriel has a tremendous crush on angelique, who seems to see him only as a friend. one way that gavriel might be able to change angeliques feelings would be to: a.take her to a scary movie b.write her a love poem c.make her a touching mixed tape d.take her for a romantic dinner

Q: jason is fascinated by his physics course; he gets excited every time he walks into class. however, jason has always considered himself someone who does not like science, so he does not recognize that his excitement is due to the class. instead, he decides that he must be attracted to his lab partner. jasons misattribution of his arousal is compatible with which theory of emotion? a.cannon-bard b.james-lange c.two-factor d.cerebral symmetry

Q: researchers conduct an experiment in which male participants are given a drug that makes them feel extremely happy. participants in group a are told that they will feel this way from the drug. participants in group b are not told about the effects of the drug. after the drug has taken effect, an attractive woman enters the room. according to the schachter-singer two-factor theory, which group of participants is less likely to feel attracted to the woman, and why? a.group a, because they were already happy when they came to the experiment. b.group a, because they expected positive feelings from the drug. c.group b, because they identified the positive feelings later. d.group b, because they were not told about the effects of the drug.

Q: according to the two-factor theory of emotion, we experience emotion through: a.simultaneous physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation b.the subjective emotion followed by the physiological response c.physiological arousal followed by cognitive interpretation d.the emotion correlated with the physiological response pattern

Q: the schachter-singer two-factor theory of emotion states that: a.a situation evokes a physiological response that is followed by an emotion label b.a situation evokes an emotion label and the physiological response follows c.a situation evokes a physiological label that is followed by a physiological response d.a situation evokes a physiological response that is followed by a physiological label

Q: some people are generally happy and optimistic; other people are generally sad and pessimistic. one possible explanation for these general dispositions on life might be that optimistic people _____ and pessimistic people _____. a.show cerebral symmetry; show cerebral asymmetry b.show cerebral asymmetry; show cerebral asymmetry c.are left hemisphere dominant; are right hemisphere dominant d.are right hemisphere dominant; are left hemisphere dominant

Q: aurore has been in a skiing accident. she remembers everything about her life, but does not seem to experience any emotions about her memories or about new things that happen. aurore most likely has experienced damage to her _____, making her _____. a.prefrontal cortex; insensitive to somatic markers b.prefrontal cortex; unable to interpret emotional cues c.amygdala; insensitive to somatic markers d.amygdala; unable to interpret emotional cues

Q: the pattern of cerebral asymmetry refers to the pattern of responding in which the right prefrontal cortex shows _____ and the left prefrontal cortex shows _____. a.greater activation with positive affect; greater activation with negative affect b.lesser activation with positive affect; lesser activation with negative affect c.greater activation with negative affect; greater activation with positive affect d.lesser activation with negative affect; lesser activation with positive affect

Q: extinction of a classically conditioned response involves suppression of that response by higher brain centers; the conditioned response can be established again very quickly. the probable mechanism for extinction lies in the path from the _____; the probable mechanism for reconditioning lies in the path from the _____. a.thalamus to the amygdala; thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala b.thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala; thalamus to the amygdala c.hippocampus to the amygdala; thalamus to the frontal lobes to the amygdala d.thalamus to the frontal lobes to the amygdala; hippocampus to the amygdala

Q: luiz is walking home late at night when he hears footsteps behind him. he is instantly frightened and gets ready to run. he glances over his shoulder and sees that it is the neighborhood police officer on patrol. realizing there is nothing to fear, he calms down. luizs first response, fear, was processed by the path from the _____. his second response, calming, was processed by the path from the _____. a.thalamus → amygdala; thalamus → sensory cortex → amygdala b.thalamus → sensory cortex → amygdala; thalamus → amygdala c.amygdala → thalamus; amygdala → sensory cortex → thalamus d.amygdala → sensory cortex → thalamus; amygdala → thalamus

Q: xandra, a 3-year-old, has a damaged amygdala. her parents should be concerned that she may: a.not bond well to them b.not experience a full range of normal emotions c.be too willing to engage in risk-taking behaviors d.be too friendly to strangers

Q: winona has a great deal of trouble determining the amount of fear that someone is experiencing based on his or her facial expressions. it is quite likely that winona has damage to her: a.hippocampus b.prefrontal cortex c.thalamus d.amygdala

Q: delroy was on a plane that flew through a hurricane. there was tremendous turbulence, and he was absolutely terrified. even though he tries not to think about it, delroy cannot forget that plane trip. delroys persistent memory results from the effect of the _____ on how the _____ consolidates memory. a.thalamus; prefrontal cortex b.amygdala; prefrontal cortex c.amygdala; hippocampus d.thalamus; hippocampus

Q: participants in a psychology experiment are shown photographs that elicit three kinds of emotional reactions: happiness, fear, or sadness. a week later, they are shown a series of photographs and asked to identify which ones they had seen before. you could predict that the best memory would be for the: a.sad pictures b.happy pictures c.frightening pictures d.happy and frightening pictures

Q: danny, who has a damaged amygdala, accidentally spilled kerosene on a campfire and got badly burned. later, dannys reaction to fire is that he: a.knows it is dangerous and has a strong conditioned fear response to it b.does not think it is dangerous and has no conditioned fear of it c.does not think it is dangerous but becomes terrified around it d.knows it is dangerous but has no conditioned fear of it

Q: eva and garnet are identical twins who survived a traumatic accident in which a bus they were riding in plummeted into a river. during the accident evas amygdala was severely damaged; garnet experienced no injuries. you would expect that eva _____ develop a conditioned fear to buses and garnet _____ develop a conditioned fear to buses. a.would not; would not b.would; would not c.would; would d.would not; would

Q: contemporary thinking about the role of the amygdala in emotion is that the path from the thalamus to the amygdala _____ , and the path from the thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala _____. a.evaluates whether a threat exists; prepares someone to respond b.prepares someone to respond; confirms whether a threat exists c.selects a response; determines if that is the appropriate response d.determines if that is the appropriate response; selects a response

Q: which brain region processes the emotional significance of stimuli and generates immediate emotional and behavioral reactions? a.prefrontal cortex b.amygdala c.hippocampus d.hypothalamus

Q: imagine you are in the forest and come across a bear. which of the following explanations best represents the cannon-bard theory of emotion? a.im afraid because im shaking. b.im shaking because im afraid. c.my shaking must be due to fear because my house is on fire. d.im shaking, and im afraid.

Q: the cannon-bard theory argues that physiological responses and emotional experiences occur: a.roughly simultaneously and independently b.sequentially and independently c.sequentially beginning with physiological responses d.sequentially beginning with emotional experiences

Q: if you hold a pencil in your teeth, forcing you to raise the edges of your lips into a sort of smile, you will _____, as predicted by the _____. a.begin to feel happy; facial feedback hypothesis b.begin to feel happy; canon-bard model c.not feel any differently than you did before; facial feedback hypothesis d.not feel any differently than you did before; circumplex model

Q: one criticism of the james-lange theory of emotion has been that physiological responses are not specific enough to correspond to different emotions. however, more recent research has shown that _____, which is _____ with the james-lange theory. a.different primary emotions correspond to different patterns of brain activation; inconsistent b.different primary emotions correspond to different patterns of brain activation; consistent c.adopting a happy facial expression leads to positive emotions; inconsistent d.adopting a happy facial expression leads to positive emotions; consistent

Q: how might the james-lange theory of emotion describe the relationship between fear and trembling? a.fear and trembling are unrelated. b.we tremble and feel afraid simultaneously. c.we tremble because we feel afraid. d.we feel afraid because we tremble.

Q: in a song from the musical the king and i, the lead character sings about whistling when she feels afraid, to hide her fear, and finally losing her fear. the notion that acting as though you are not afraid keeps you from feeling afraid is compatible with which theory of emotion? a.cannon-bard b.james-lange c.two-factor d.cerebral symmetry

Q: a major criticism of the james-lange theory is that: a.emotions occur faster than interpretations can be made b.the emotion has to exist to produce the physiological reaction c.physiological reactions to emotions are not specific enough d.both b and c

Q: imagine you are in the forest and come across a bear. which of the following explanations best represents the james-lange theory of emotion? a.im afraid because im shaking. b.im shaking because im afraid. c.my shaking must be due to fear because my house is on fire. d.im shaking, and im afraid.

Q: the james-lange theory of emotion states that: a.the emotions we experience cause our bodily reactions b.our perception of bodily responses leads to our emotions c.our emotions and bodily responses occur simultaneously d.none of the above

Q: a convincing piece of evidence for the idea that positive emotions and negative emotions are independent is that positive emotions involve _____ and negative emotions involve _____. a.increases in norepinephrine; increases in dopamine b.increases in dopamine; increases in norepinephrine c.increases in dopamine; decreases in norepinephrine d.decreases in norepinephrine; decreases in dopamine

Q: which of the following is not a secondary emotion? a.remorse b.anticipation c.happiness d.submission

Q: in the mythical country of xacandra, people experience an emotion that they call blegthium. though everyone agrees the people experience blegthium, it has proven very difficult to define or to associate blegthium with physiological correlates. cross-cultural xacandran psychologists have not been able to consistently find an emotion comparable to blegthium in other cultures. in terms of the circumplex model of emotions, blegthium is a _____ emotion. a.universal b.primary c.secondary d.cross-culturally congruent

Q: which of the following is not a primary emotion? a.fear b.guilt c.sadness d.disgust

Q: in the mythical country of xacandra, people experience an emotion they call revzola. revzola is associated with particular states of arousal, and the people who experience it strongly do better in xacandran society. when xacandran psychologists explored nearby countries, they discovered that every culture had an emotion like revzola, though they called it by different names. in terms of the circumplex model of emotions, revzola is a _____ emotion. a.universal b.primary c.secondary d.cross-culturally congruent

Q: according to the circumplex model of emotion, depression is a state of _____ and _____, whereas calm is a state of _____ and _____. a.negative affect; high arousal; neutral affect; low arousal b.negative affect; low arousal; neutral affect; low arousal c.negative affect; low arousal; positive affect; low arousal d.negative affect; low arousal; negative affect; low arousal

Q: in terms of the circumplex model, anger and annoyance share _____, whereas anger and joy share _____. a.valence but not activation; activation but not valence b.valence and activation; activation but not valence c.activation but not valence; valence but not activation d.activation but not valence; valence and activation

Q: gervasio sustained damage to his prefrontal cortex in a car crash, and the damage left him with severe alexithymia. as a result, gervasio: a.experiences extremes of emotion, both positive and negative b.experiences normal emotions, but cannot express them c.can neither experience nor express many emotions d.experiences normal emotions but with rapid uncontrolled shifts

Q: a child is very excited to go to the playground. he is walking in circles, fidgeting with his hands, and showing other forms of agitation. these behaviors are almost certainly the result of: a.homeostasis b.arousal c.incentives d.goals

Q: alexithymia occurs because damage to the _____ causes the physiological messages associated with emotions to _____ the brain centers that interpret emotions. a.amygdala; fail to reach b.limbic system; be suppressed by c.frontal cortex; be suppressed by d.prefrontal cortex; fail to reach

Q: jason and cora are riding on a roller coaster, which is producing high levels of arousal. they attribute their aroused state to romantic feelings for each other and feel they are falling in love. the effect of the roller coaster is from the _____ associated with emotion; thinking that the arousal is usually due to romantic feelings is part of the _____ associated with emotion; feeling they are falling in love reflects the _____ associated with emotion. a.physical changes; cognitive appraisals; subjective experiences b.physical changes; subjective experiences; cognitive appraisals c.subjective experiences; cognitive appraisals; physical changes d.subjective experiences; physical changes; cognitive appraisals

Q: toby is generally somewhat sad and pessimistic. today, however, his candidate for president has won the election, and toby is feeling incredibly optimistic and exuberant. tobys usual sadness and pessimism is a(n) _____; his current optimism and exuberance is a(n) _____. a.emotion; mood b.emotion; emotion c.mood; emotion d.mood; mood

Q: emotions tend to _____ thought and behavior; moods tend to _____ thought and behavior. a.influence; interrupt b.interrupt; influence c.respond to; produce d.produce; respond to

Q: crystallized intelligence is to fluid intelligence as: a.abstract is to concrete b.general is to specific c.fact is to analogy d.young is to old

Q: which of the following statements is true regarding crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence? a.the former increases across age, whereas the latter begins to decline around age 30 b.both remain relatively stable across the life span c.both begin to decline around age 30, with the former showing the bigger losses d.both remain stable until about age 60 and then decline dramatically

Q: the ability to quickly calculate a 10 percent discount on an item would be an example of: a.crystallized intelligence b.fluid intelligence c.generative intelligence d.applying intelligence

Q: specific knowledge regarding important events during world war ii is an example of: a.crystallized intelligence b.fluid intelligence c.generative intelligence d.applying intelligence

Q: in comparing memory processes in young adults versus the elderly, we find that: a.the elderly are better able to remember things that happened to them yesterday, but have a more difficult time recalling things from childhood than do young adults b.the elderly are better at keeping multiple things in mind simultaneously c.whether the information is positive or negative has a greater impact on recall in the elderly d.memory is equal in both groups, but the elderly require more time to recall information

Q: imagine that a psychologist tests your mental processing speed every year. for example, how long does it take you to push a lever when a light comes on? if you age normally, you should show: a.no change in speed of response until after about age 60 b.speeding up until about age 35 and then a slow decline c.a slowing by age 25 that gets even slower as you age further d.an ability to perform this task throughout your life at roughly the same speed, as long as your visual acuity is high

Q: your grandparents are increasingly focused on things that have emotional meaning for them and have begun spending more time with a smaller circle of friends. these developments are most consistent with: a.eriksons stage theory b.freuds psychodynamic theory c.carstensens socioemotional selectivity theory d.piagets stages of development

Q: alzheimers disease is associated with: a.amnesia b.memory deficits c.enlarged brain ventricles d.both b and c

Q: which of the following things have been found to cause dementia? a.hiv infection b.alcohol c.small strokes d.all of the above

Q: dementia is a condition characterized by: a.paranoia and a tendency to avoid others b.deterioration of both behavior and cognitive abilities with age c.psychological deterioration in the absence of any physiological change d.death, usually before age 60

Q: christie is unhappily married. she is likely to have: a.worse immune function than an otherwise similar, happily married woman b.better immune function than a morbidly obese person c.worse immune function than a morbidly obese person d.better immune function than a smoker

Q: alex is happily married. he is likely to _____ than his single friend, joe. a.go to the doctor less b.live longer c.earn more d.both b and c

Q: how are marriage and health related? a.married individuals are healthier than singles. b.married females are healthier than singles, but married males are not. c.single males are healthier than any other group. d.marital status appears unrelated to health status.

Q: what have psychologists discovered concerning the relationship between having children and marital happiness? a.couples with children report being happier unless the number of offspring exceeds three. b.no consistent relationship between these variables has been found. c.couples with children report less happiness than those without. d.it depends on the sex of the offspring; couples with female children are the happiest.