Q&A Hero

Q: individuals diagnosed with aspergers syndrome: a.lack a theory of mind b.have decreased in number in recent decades c.tend to be primarily female d.may develop schizophrenia as adults

Q: rates of autism have recently: a.decreased in number, which means there are many children with autism who are undiagnosed b.decreased in number, due to the fact that physicians are reluctant to negatively label a child c.increased in number, which corresponds to an actual increase in cases d.increased in number, which is probably due to the recent recognition and diagnosis of more mild cases of autism

Q: a remedial program that provided _____ to children resulted in a reduced likelihood of _____ in the kids when they were tested 20 years later. a.a better nutrition program; antisocial personality disorder b.a better nutrition program; bipolar disorder c.education opportunities; antisocial personality disorder d.education opportunities; bipolar disorder

Q: according to your textbook, people diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder are less likely to learn from punishment because: a.they have a low level of arousal and do not experience punishment as aversive b.they enjoy punishment, so the punishment becomes a reward c.they do not understand that the punishment is connected to their behavior d.their bad behavior is not typically punished

Q: a large adoption study discussed in your textbook found that antisocial behavior in adopted males is: a.strongly related to their same-sex siblings behavior b.more closely related to the antisocial behaviors of their adoptive fathers than their biological fathers c.more closely related to the antisocial behavior of their biological fathers than their adoptive fathers d.related to cognitive and motivational factors and mostly unrelated to genetic factors

Q: a clear biological mechanism for the development and maintenance of antisocial behavior, demonstrated by david lykken and colleagues, is: a.an enlarged amygdala b.overactive frontal lobes c.reduced overall arousal d.overproduction of serotonin and dopamine

Q: people who lack empathy for their victims, who do things just for fun even if they are dangerous, and who tend to seek immediate gratification: a.cannot be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder b.can be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder if they have shown a persistent pattern of antisocial behavior across their lives c.can be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder if their problems become so serious that they begin committing crimes d.can be diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder but not with antisocial personality disorder

Q: tom has often been in trouble with the justice system, appearing in court more than 20 times for instigating fights, stealing cars, or robbery. tom seems to have no empathy for his victims, and has even laughed when talking about stealing from or hurting them. tom would likely be diagnosed with: a.multiple identity disorder b.amoral apathy syndrome c.antisocial personality disorder d.narcissistic personality disorder

Q: ted, the president of a multimillion-dollar corporation, stated that he did not feel bad at all for firing thousands of workers in order to make more money. why should i feel bad for them when i just made millions of dollars by getting rid of their jobs? not only at work but in his personal life, too, ted seems unconcerned with the effects of his behavior on others. if ted had been born into a poor and violent neighborhood, he would likely be incarcerated. ted could probably be diagnosed with: a.multiple identity disorder b.antisocial personality disorder c.narcissistic personality disorder d.a mood disorder

Q: which of the following behavioral characteristics would tell you that a man you know is suffering from antisocial personality disorder rather than some other personality disorder? a.he has a weak sense of self and does not like to be alone. b.he shifts rapidly from one mood or emotion to another without any obvious reason. c.he is uncaring toward others. d.he engages in self-mutilation and is very manipulative of others.

Q: this personality disorder is characterized by a lack of empathy and of remorse: a.histrionic personality disorder b.borderline personality disorder c.antisocial personality disorder d.schizoid personality disorder

Q: strong evidence suggests that borderline personality disorder is: a.mostly a genetic disorder b.mostly an environmentally caused disorder c.associated with a history of trauma or abuse, although biological factors are likely also involved d.mostly the result of role modeling by borderline parents

Q: a clear influencing factor in the life of a person with borderline personality disorder is: a.a history of violence or abuse b.the traumatic breakup of the persons parents marriage c.an adolescent peer group that encourages impulsive, selfish behavior d.the role modeling of a sibling with the same personality disorder

Q: floyd has always tended to have love-hate relationships with people who are close to him. he constantly worries about whether people will leave him so he smothers them with affection only to feel rejected and disappointed when they back away from this behavior. he has threatened to commit suicide a number of times and most people view him as very emotionally unstable. floyd would probably be diagnosed with: a.narcissistic personality disorder b.obsessive-compulsive personality disorder c.bipolar disorder d.borderline personality disorder

Q: sherry has a very difficult time controlling her behavior. she hates being by herself and makes every effort to keep people as emotionally close to her as possible. she has threatened to hurt herself more than once when boyfriends have broken up with her. sherry would probably be diagnosed with: a.narcissistic personality disorder b.borderline personality disorder c.obsessive-compulsive personality disorder d.a mood disorder

Q: which of the following does not characterize borderline personality disorder? a.social phobia b.weak sense of self c.self-mutilation d.emotional instability

Q: people who cannot tolerate the idea of being abandoned, who have highly negative emotional reactions to relationship disruption, and who often act impulsively fit the description of someone with: a.borderline personality disorder b.narcissistic personality disorder c.bipolar disorder d.dysthymia

Q: borderline personality disorder is associated with: a.disturbances in identity and impulse control b.low iq and lack of remorse c.overly strong sense of self and aggression d.strong hedonistic tendencies and aggression

Q: angie often has relationships that are full of drama, and her emotions in these relationships range from extremely loving to angry and depressed. other people view her as intense and unstable. she has been this way since adolescence and probably will not change much as she ages. her disorder would be diagnosed as: a.narcissistic personality disorder b.borderline personality disorder c.major depressive disorder d.no diagnosis because these are simply extremes of normal behavior

Q: personality disorders are classified along with _____ in the diagnostic and statistical manual because they _____. a.mood disorders; involve extreme moods b.anxiety disorders; involve fear in relationships c.multiple personality disorder; involve dysfunction in personality expression d.mental retardation; are typically long lasting

Q: in which of the following disorders is the person least aware of the maladaptive nature of her or his behavior? a.obsessive-compulsive disorder b.phobic disorder c.personality disorder d.depression

Q: personality disorders are: a.easy to treat with the right drug interventions b.more responsive to treatment than other clinical disorders c.more responsive to cognitive-behavioral treatment than some disorders d.very difficult disorders to treat

Q: one of the reasons personality disorders remain controversial in clinical practice is that: a.they appear to be relatively temporary conditions that come and go unpredictably, so they should not be classified as real disorders b.there is overlap among the traits associated with different personality disorders, so people are often diagnosed with more than one personality disorder at the same time c.personality disorders appear to have very little in common with normal personality, so calling them personality disorders does not make sense d.more than 75 percent of the population could be diagnosed with a personality disorder, which makes the diagnosis meaningless

Q: borderline personality disorder is listed under the _____ cluster. a.odd b.anxious c.dramatic d.all of the above

Q: which of the following personality disorders belong to the same group? a.histrionic, paranoid, and obsessive-compulsive b.avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive c.paranoid, dependent, and obsessive compulsive d.antisocial, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive

Q: the cluster of anxious personality disorders includes all of the following disorders except: a.avoidant b.paranoid c.dependent d.obsessive-compulsive

Q: personality disorders are grouped with mental retardation in the diagnostic and statistical manual because: a.improvement tends to be minimal over the life course b.both involve seriously reduced intellectual functioning c.they are thought to have similar biological causes d.they both result in social exclusion

Q: tasha has always been extremely dependent on others, even as an adolescent. when asked her opinion, she seems not to know what she thinks or feels, and relies on others to tell her. her extreme, lifelong dependency on others makes people uncomfortable and causes them to avoid her. tashas disorder would be classified as: a.axis i b.axis ii c.axis iii d.axis iv

Q: the notion that schizophrenia may be caused by a virus is: a.an outdated theory b.supported in studies of pregnant women c.supported by adoption studies d.a current theory but there is no research support for it at this time

Q: which of the following is not one of the environmental influences on schizophrenia? a.birth order b.family functioning c.urban versus rural living environment d.stress

Q: one of your roommates comes from a small rural town and the other one from a large city. does this affect their probability of ever experiencing a schizophrenic episode? a.no; genetic factors tend to override environmental factors in schizophrenia. b.maybe; it depends entirely on the stress level of each environment. c.yes; the one from the urban area is at higher risk. d.yes; the one from the rural area is at higher risk.

Q: which of the following phenomena is not an environmental factor that influences schizophrenia? a.dysfunctional family b.possibly viruses c.genetic predisposition d.urban environment

Q: what are the odds that jamie will develop schizophrenia if both of his parents have the disorder? a.there is only a slight chance because the disorder tends not to run in families. b.it is almost certain because he has inherited the genes associated with the disorder from both parents. c.the odds are approximately 50 percent. d.it is difficult to estimate because researchers are still deciding what causes the disorder.

Q: as a 4-year-old, willey was much more awkward than his peers in social interactions. he experienced more severe negative emotions. other kids thought he had strange facial expressions and odd behaviors. although willey was never diagnosed with a disorder as a child, his early behaviors indicate a tendency toward: a.social phobia b.antisocial personality disorder c.bipolar disorder d.schizophrenia

Q: most people with schizophrenia are diagnosed with the disorder in young adulthood (around 2030 years of age). recent studies show that as children they: a.were almost indistinguishable from their peers b.showed more abnormal social behaviors compared to their peers c.had difficulty learning language d.showed excessive motor activity

Q: under which of the following conditions do you have the greatest chance of developing schizophrenia during your lifetime? a.both of your parents have the disorder. b.your fraternal twin has the disorder. c.your spouse has the disorder. d.there are generally higher rates in your culture.

Q: compared to people who develop mood or substance use disorders in adulthood, people who develop schizophrenia: a.show more odd social behaviors and motor disturbances as children b.seek treatment at a younger age c.are more likely to take their medications d.tend to be higher functioning intellectually as children

Q: if schizophrenia did not have a genetic basis, then concordance for schizophrenia in identical twins would be: a.very low b.about 12 percent c.about 25 percent d.a little over 50 percent

Q: ted has a severe form of schizophrenia that has affected him since age 18. he has progressively deteriorated in functioning since onset. compared with people who have more mild cases of schizophrenia, neuroimaging of teds brain would reveal that his: a.amygdala is enlarged b.corpus collusum has a serious blockage c.brain volume is clearly reduced d.serotonin system is highly overactive

Q: brain imaging studies of patients with schizophrenia have shown all of the following except: a.reduced brain tissue in the frontal cortex b.enlarged ventricle size c.reduced brain tissue in the temporal lobes d.decreased levels of dopamine

Q: longitudinal brain imaging studies indicate that in people with schizophrenia: a.brain ventricles become smaller over time b.the frontal and occipital lobes show a dramatic increase in activity c.the amount of overall brain tissue is reduced d.both the amygdala and hippocampus become almost inactive

Q: neuroimaging studies have shown that in the brains of people with schizophrenia: a.brain activity is centered on the amygdala and the hippocampus b.there is a decreased quantity of brain tissue in various brain regions c.increased volume is visible in the frontal lobes d.regions that affect people with bipolar disorder are also overactive in people with schizophrenia

Q: in regard to the positive and negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia: a.positive symptoms respond to antipsychotic drug treatments, whereas negative symptoms frequently do not b.positive symptoms are thought to be caused by structural deficits in the brain, whereas negative symptoms are caused by dopamine activity c.both probably originate from the same organic causes d.both are more common in women

Q: the best way to think about positive symptoms of schizophrenia is that they are _____, whereas negative symptoms are _____. a.perceived by the schizophrenic as positive; perceived by others as negative b.excesses of abnormal behaviors; deficits in normal functioning c.positive in terms of their impact on the schizophrenic; negative in terms of their impact on the schizophrenic d.comorbid with at least one other disorder; a singular feature of schizophrenia

Q: dr. black eagle is interviewing a patient who appears to have a serious psychological disorder. the patient rarely responds to the doctors questions, does not make eye contact, and moves his body in a slow, odd manner. when the patient does talk, his voice is flat and unemotional. dr. black eagle will probably diagnose the person with _____ based on the patients apparent _____. a.antisocial personality disorder; flat affect b.antisocial personality disorder; internalizing tendencies c.schizophrenia; positive symptoms d.schizophrenia; negative symptoms

Q: delusions are a positive symptom and social isolation is a _____ symptom; both are associated with _____. a.negative; schizophrenia b.positive; schizophrenia c.positive; bipolar disorder d.negative; bipolar disorder

Q: all of the following phenomena are positive symptoms of schizophrenia except: a.delusions b.hallucinations c.disorganized behavior d.slowed speech

Q: caroline uses an old grocery cart to collect cans, plastic bags, and newspapers from the street. she wears multiple layers of clothing even when it is hot outside. she frequently talks to herself in public. she is: a.showing what happens when severe bipolar disorder is left untreated b.showing what happens when severe antisocial personality disorder is left untreated c.manifesting positive symptoms of schizophrenia d.manifesting negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Q: a woman says, the eagle takes flight at three oclock and flies here from general electric. i get my check from the eagle; he goes from the mailbox to make a payment. hes a secret spy for my husband and makes a shotgun sound. this woman is displaying a: a.negative symptom of schizophrenia b.positive symptom of schizophrenia c.negative symptom of bipolar disorder d.positive symptom of bipolar disorder

Q: speech in people with schizophrenia: a.is similar to the language of people with dissociative disorders b.is usually very simple, like the language of a 4-year-old c.can shift rapidly between topics with no apparent logic d.is typically delayed in its development by about five years

Q: a false sensory perception experienced without external sources is a: a.delusion b.hallucination c.loosening of association d.none of the above

Q: the symptoms most commonly associated with schizophrenia are: a.showing evidence of one or more distinct personalities and fluctuating moods b.delusions and hallucinations c.rapidly alternating periods of anxiety and depression d.extreme impulsiveness and sensation seeking

Q: hearing voices is an example of: a.a hallucination b.a delusion c.a negative symptom d.clang speech

Q: what evidence suggests that people who appear to have dissociative identity disorder may be faking symptoms of the disorder? a.people started developing the disorder after a highly visible court case in 2001. b.therapists often encourage patients to report symptoms of dissociative identity disorder in order to win court cases. c.the disorder is often diagnosed after someone has been arrested for a crime. d.most people who report having the disorder had easy and unproblematic childhood experiences, which makes developing the disorder highly unlikely.

Q: dissociative identity disorder is an example of a(n): a.serious psychological condition that claims many more victims than most people realize b.invalid psychological diagnosis c.genetically invariant disorder d.diagnosis that has been affected by societal forces

Q: in which of the following scenarios would a person diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder be most likely to report having hundreds of different personalities? a.the person was diagnosed recently. b.the person was diagnosed before the 1980s. c.the person has never seen a psychotherapist. d.the person has had a pleasant and unproblematic childhood.

Q: there is evidence that a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder may be invalid, at least in some cases. as discussed in your textbook, which of the following statements is not a piece of evidence supporting this claim? a.the frequency of this diagnosis has increased dramatically since it first came to psychologists attention. b.the diagnosis frequently occurs after someone has committed a crime. c.while older cases involved only one or two extra personalities, the current cases frequently involve many personalities. d.many therapists have claimed responsibility for causing dissociative identity disorder.

Q: karen claims that multiple people with different personalities live inside her body; they take over her experience and express themselves at unexpected times. each of these personalities has a different voice, a different age, and a different set of interests. which disorder is karen most likely experiencing? a.schizophernia b.dissociative fugue c.dissociative identity disorder d.a personality disorder

Q: one explanation offered in your textbook for the recent rapid increase in the diagnosis of dissociative disorders is that: a.childhood physical abuse, the primary antecedent of the disorder, has increased b.more therapists believe the disorder is real and elicit reports from their patients that support it c.more criminals are receiving psychiatric screening, and dissociative disorders are particularly prevalent in this group d.the disorder is caused by an environmental toxin that is now more widespread

Q: cases of dissociative identity disorder: a.are much more common in males b.are caused by faking on the part of the patient c.have no known causes or antecedents d.have increased dramatically in the past 30 years

Q: this type of dissociative disorder is characterized by the occurrence of two or more distinct identities in an individual: a.dissociative amnesia b.dissociative fugue c.dissociative identity disorder d.none of the above

Q: miguel woke up one morning in a strange hotel in detroit. he has no memory of how he got there and cannot remember his name or where he is from. miguel is most likely suffering from: a.dissociative amnesia b.schizophrenia c.dissociative fugue d.dysthmia

Q: this type of mental disorder involves a disruption in identity and travel to another location: a.dissociative amnesia b.dissociative fugue c.dissociative identity disorder d.dissociative schizophrenia

Q: according to your textbook, a mental disorder that involves a persons losing awareness of time and events is called: a.dissociative amnesia b.dissociative fugue c.schizophrenia d.bipolar disorder

Q: sariah, a high school student, just received a grade of b on a paper. she is very ashamed that she did not perform according to her high standards. she tells herself, sariah, you are a really bad studentyou need to study harder. this is simply unacceptable! she believes that she may not get into college because she is a lazy and unmotivated person and that her future is doomed. given what we know about the role of _____ in psychological disorders, sariah is highly likely to develop _____. a.cognitive processes; generalized anxiety disorder b.learned helplessness; generalized anxiety disorder c.cognitive processes; major depression d.pessimism prototype; depression

Q: depressed individuals tend to attribute negative outcomes to _____ and positive outcomes to _____. a.others; idealistic and unrealistic role models b.personal shortcomings; luck c.chance; chance d.errors in logic; an idealized part of themselves

Q: tara has had many negative experiences over which she had little control. for example, her parents were divorced, her brother became a drug user, and her husband of 10 years left her for another woman. at this point, tara has given up trying to make her life better because she believes she can do nothing to improve her circumstances. taras attitude may lead her to develop: a.panic disorder b.major depression c.generalized anxiety disorder d.borderline personality disorder

Q: according to the learned helplessness model, animals who cannot escape from aversive situations experience a condition similar to: a.generalized anxiety disorder b.attention deficit disorder c.depression d.borderline personality disorder

Q: according to the learned helplessness model of depression, people: a.think they have no control over the outcomes they experience b.attribute outcomes to situational factors that are both specific and temporary c.explain negative events as a result of their own negative personality traits d.make errors in logic when explaining outcomes they have experienced

Q: relationships play an important role in the lives of people with depression. for example, evidence suggests that: a.parenting factors can cause depression b.the loss of a loved one is a particularly important contributing factor in depression c.people who are unmarried are five times as likely to be depressed than married people d.when people become depressed, their friends become closer to them and offer increasing levels of support

Q: if everyone born in a particular city had damage to the left prefrontal cortex, we would expect to see higher rates of _____ in that city. a.schizophrenia b.specific phobias c.depression d.hypomania

Q: dillon experiences low mood, crying, and sleep disturbance. he has a hard time getting excited about anything. dillon would probably benefit from a drug that increased activity in which neurotransmitter system? a.monoamine system b.glutamate system c.peptide system d.purine system

Q: which of the following phenomena is not a biological marker for depression? a.decreased activity in the left prefrontal cortex b.decreased monoamine activity c.disturbance in normal biological rhythms d.increased testosterone and oxytocin production

Q: lithium has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder, but patients frequently refuse to take this drug because it: a.blunts the euphoria associated with the manic episodes b.increases suicidal cognitions c.reduces the frequency of depressive episodes, but sometimes makes them more severe d.increases sexual motivation to a level that is uncomfortable for most people

Q: according to aaron beck, which of these thoughts is a person who is suffering from depression most likely to have after failing an exam? a.i didnt have enough time to study for this exam, ill do better next time. b.i am so stupid. i will have to drop out of college. c.this professor is so unfair. d.oh well, most of the class probably failed, too.

Q: the influence of biological rhythms on mood is particularly important in: a.bipolar disorder b.seasonal affective disorder c.dysthymia d.hypomania

Q: according to your textbook, an extensive study of mental illness in an amish community revealed that bipolar disorder was: a.the result of similar genetic defects within this group b.randomly distributed throughout the community c.mostly limited to individuals with a history of substance abuse d.almost entirely absent for reasons that have not been determined

Q: sarah is a practicing clinical psychologist. she should expect to see: a.roughly equal numbers of bipolar and depressed clients b.many more depressed than bipolar clients c.more females than males with bipolar disorder d.more males than females who are suffering from depression

Q: hypomania is one aspect of _____ and indicates a somewhat _____ severe form of the disorder. a.borderline personality disorder; more b.schizophrenia; less c.bipolar disorder; less d.schizotypal personality disorder; more

Q: people with bipolar disorder and people with major depression have in common that: a.they both have enlarged ventricles b.they both have experienced some childhood trauma c.both evidence extremely low mood or loss of pleasure some of the time d.both disorders occur about equally often in the population