Q&A Hero

Q: the use of tranquilizers to control anxiety disorders: a.is problematic because many of these drugs are addictive b.is ideal because most of these drugs are not addictive c.increases the presence of an excitatory neurotransmitter d.is most effective for phobias

Q: jaime has generalized anxiety disorder. her psychiatrist gives her a psychotropic medication. the most likely action of this drug is to _____ activity. a.increase gaba b.increase dopamine c.decrease norepinephrine d.decrease serotonin

Q: ramos has symptoms of panic disorder and has been prescribed the drug xanax. due to the medication, he is most likely to have side effects such as: a.facial tics b.sexual dysfunction c.drowsiness d.white blood cell deficiency

Q: which of the following terms is not a category of psychotropic drugs? a.anti-anxiety drugs b.antidepressants c.antipsychotics d.antisystolics

Q: the most widely used biologically based therapy for mental disorders is: a.psychotropic medication b.brain stimulation c.electroconvulsive therapy d.biofeedback

Q: haloperidol is a medication that acts on key neurotransmitter systems to effect cognitive and behavioral changes. jake takes haloperidol to ease his hallucinations and delusional thinking. jake is taking: a.illicit drugs b.psychedelic drugs c.a set of endogenous neurotransmitter agonists d.an antipsychotic medication

Q: dora the explorer is on a mission to find a completely healthy society in which people experience no mental disorders. according to the systems approach, dora will never succeed in her mission because people: a.are biopsychosocial organisms, and any aspect of an organism may be dysfunctional b.exist in families and larger social units, and those units are often dysfunctional c.always strive for personal achievement and fulfillment in a society with outdated laws and regulations that inhibit an individuals free expression d.fail to understand that they have a faulty cognitive system, and this faulty system causes them to think illogically

Q: jen is a college student who was diagnosed with depression last year; subsequently, she was given a prescription for prozac. this year, she is studying abroad in india, and in order not to become depressed again, she has kept taking her medicine. it is slightly more likely that she will say to her indian doctor that she is experiencing _____ because _____. a.depression; she wants the right prescription b.depression; the disorder is more culturally accepted as a normal part of life in non-western countries c.strain and tension; being depressed carries a social stigma in india d.strain and tension; the medical establishment in india does not see depression as a mental health problem

Q: in some cultures, it is more acceptable to say a person is not feeling well than to say the person is feeling depressed. according to the discussion in your textbook, you would be correct if you assumed that cultures that use _____ probably have _____. a.more words for psychological disorders; a low degree of cultural acceptance for those disorders b.more words for psychological disorders; more people with serious psychological disorders c.fewer words for psychological disorders; better resources to deal with those disorders in the community d.fewer words for psychological disorders; some cultural stigma attached to those disorders

Q: constanza just entered therapy for an eating disorder. she is starting to recognize how her role in the family affects her family members treatment of her. she has started to consciously change some of her interpersonal behaviors; for example, she now stands up for herself when someone criticizes her. accordingly, her parents are starting to treat her with more respect. the positive changes in the familys interactions makes sense if you look at the problem from a(n) _____ perspective. a.family cycle b.expressed emotion c.systems d.cathartic

Q: in society x, everyone has enough money, people demonstrate good social skills, and most people experience adequate mental and physical health. at the same time, some people wish to go into therapy for minor problems, for example, related to breaking bad habits or simply for personal growth. in society x, there is the least amount of need for: a.antipsychotic medication b.client-centered therapy c.behavioral therapy d.brief therapies

Q: being helped by listening to another persons experiences is the goal of _____ therapy. a.cognitive b.behavioral c.humanistic d.group

Q: group therapy increased in use after world war ii because: a.it was particularly effective in dealing with anxiety and depression related to combat situations b.the number of people needing therapy far exceeded the number of available therapists c.group therapy best mimicked an organized military context d.it was found to be the best empirically validated treatment available at that time

Q: jeremy knows that the anxiety he experiences is abnormal. he thinks he may have generalized anxiety disorder. jeremy does not have a lot of money, is in need of social support, and desires a structured therapy setting. in terms of psychological treatment, the best choice for jeremy would be: a.brief psychoanalytic therapy b.brief cognitive therapy c.brief client-centered therapy d.group therapy

Q: in behavior therapy, an important aspect of treatment is _____, and this is called _____. a.eliciting the undesirable behavior so it can be punished; behavior modification b.getting the patient to model the correct behavior; classical conditioning c.reinforcing desired behaviors; behavior modification d.getting the patient to recognize the motives behind the maladaptive behavior; projective behavioral assessment

Q: _____ was a strong advocate of the cognitive restructuring approach to therapy, which has been shown to be very effective in treating _____. a.carl rogers; mild adjustment problems b.erik erikson; mild adjustment problems c.aaron beck; depression d.abraham maslow; depression

Q: which of the following factors is not an advantage of group therapy? a.practice using new interpersonal behaviors b.cost c.lack of need for a trained therapist d.increasing insight

Q: cognitive-behavioral therapy works best with: a.personality disorders b.schizophrenia c.anxiety and mood disorders d.autism

Q: when you go to your therapist in an attempt to overcome your fear of heights, she asks you to lie on a couch and relax while you imagine slowly climbing up the steps of a ladder. she is using: a.insight therapy b.creative visualization therapy c.flooding technique d.systematic desensitization

Q: assiyah, a therapy client, believes she is an unattractive person. her therapist told her: go to a social gathering and ask out five different men. assiyah did this, and each man agreed to go on a date with her. her belief that she was unattractive then changed. her therapist is using _____ with assiyah. a.rational analytic therapy b.cognitive-behavioral therapy c.emotion recognition therapy d.insight therapy

Q: a friend describes having had therapy for a fear of snakes in which she was first asked to think about snakes, then shown pictures of them, and finally, several sessions later, given the opportunity to actually pick up a snake. her therapist is using: a.overload techniques b.exposure techniques c.distraction d.modeling

Q: in contrast to insight therapies, behavioral therapy: a.sees maladaptive behavior as the problem to be treated b.attempts to uncover the underlying conflict that gives rise to the maladaptive behavior c.trains patients to express their emotions d.focuses on the whole person

Q: brendon believes that he is worthless, that other people do not like him, and that he will never have satisfying interpersonal relationships. to counteract this belief, brendons therapist says to him, brendon, i like and appreciate you. i enjoy interacting with you. what do you think of that? brendon says, well, if you like me, i guess it makes me think i am not such a bad person after all. in discussing these issues with his therapist, brendon starts to think differently about himself. the therapist is using _____ with brendon. a.behavioral rationalization b.rational creativity c.cognitive restructuring d.emotive analysis

Q: a cognitive therapist would probably find it easiest to work with which of the following clients? a.jan, a woman who believes that she is being followed by people from another planet b.jordan, a woman who falsely believes that she is the president of the united states c.jouma, an extremely self-centered woman who believes that other people are worthless and useless and that her needs are the only important ones d.jamala, a woman who believes that she is worthless and who experiences extreme anxiety because she worries that she is not loveable

Q: dallas believes that he will never be successful enough or likeable enough. his friends always tell him that he is too hard on himself, but he persists in the belief that he will never live up to his own high standards. dallas would benefit most from _____ because his beliefs about himself are both negative and unrealistic. a.applied behavior analysis b.psychoanalysis c.cognitive restructuring d.client-centered therapy

Q: which form of psychotherapy emphasizes the modification of distorted or faulty thinking? a.group therapy b.humanistic therapy c.cognitive therapy d.behavioral therapy

Q: if ivan pavlov had never conducted his classical conditioning studies, therapists might never have developed: a.exposure therapy b.cognitive therapy c.insight therapy d.dialectical behavior therapy

Q: in elliss rational-emotive therapy: a.the focus is on how the situation elicits maladaptive behaviors b.a therapist explains and demonstrates thinking patterns that are adaptive c.a link between dysfunctional emotions and unstructured thought is developed by the client d.maladaptive behaviors are extinguished via classical conditioning

Q: in which form of therapy is the therapist most likely to model or demonstrate adaptive behaviors so the client can learn how to perform these behaviors? a.psychodynamic b.client-centered c.behavioral d.rational-emotive therapy

Q: behavioral therapies are based on the idea that: a.distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors b.behavior is learned c.behavior is influenced by unconscious motives d.none of the above

Q: hayley has a snake phobia. she has always avoided situations in which she may encounter a snake, and she will even avoid viewing pictures of them. if hayleys therapist approaches her problem from a behavioral perspective, he may use: a.thought prevention b.exposure therapy c.reaction-prevention therapy d.rational-emotive behavior therapy

Q: deepa is excessively shy in public and finds it almost impossible to talk to people she does not know. people think she is aloof, but actually she is terribly afraid that people will criticize her, and so she dislikes and avoids interacting with others. if she chose to go into psychotherapy to overcome this problem, the therapist who would seem least threatening to her would be a(n): a.client-centered therapist b.psychoanalyst c.rational-emotive therapist d.applied behavior analyst

Q: the idea that behaviors are learned and can be unlearned through classical and operant conditioning is the basis of _____ therapies. a.cognitive b.behavioral c.humanistic d.psychoanalytic

Q: jalisa is in therapy for major depression. in therapy, she has been encouraged to acknowledge and express her feelings in a warm, accepting environment established by her therapist. jalisa is probably in therapy with a(n): a.humanistic therapist b.rational-emotive therapist c.psychoanalyst d.applied behavior analyst

Q: your therapist suggests that when you go to college, you keep a diary and record events and your emotional reactions to them. she says that this will help keep you physically healthy. is this a good suggestion? a.yes; it has been shown to improve immune functioning and reduce frequency of illness. b.no; it will cause you to ruminate about your troubles and not deal with them. c.no; it will serve as a constant reminder of the difficulties you are facing. d.yes; but only in the short termthere will be no long-term benefits.

Q: imagine that you have gone to the universitys counseling center. there you encounter a therapist who does not pass judgment on your behavior, encourages you to talk about your subjective experiences, and frequently attempts to paraphrase, or say back to you, what you have just said. this therapist is probably using: a.behavioral modification b.a variant of the psychodynamic approach c.cognitive-behavioral therapy d.client-centered therapy

Q: hamza is a very gentle person who values others opinions and wants to help people live up to their potential. he is never critical or argumentative with others. he believes all people have many positive qualities and seeks to make others feel valuable and special. if hamza decided to go into the mental health field, the _____ approach to therapy would best match his personality. a.psychodynamic b.rational-emotive c.moral d.humanistic

Q: reflective listening is used primarily in _____ therapy. a.client-centered b.cognitive-behavioral c.psychodynamic d.group

Q: jenny is in psychotherapy for an eating disorder. her therapist is warm and supportive and can easily take her perspective. he encourages her to express her thoughts and feelings about her eating issues and does not judge or criticize anything she says. this therapeutic relationship is the basis for change, creating an environment where the client can be herself. this therapist is using a _____ therapeutic approach. a.cognitive-behavioral b.client-centered c.rational-emotive d.psychoanalytic

Q: humanistic approaches to treatment are focused on: a.creating ambiguous situations in which clients can project their deepest motives b.changing specific problematic behaviors c.highlighting a clients problematic thinking patterns d.creating a warm and supportive environment in which clients can express themselves honestly

Q: which of the following phenomena do contemporary psychodynamic therapists not explore with their clients? a.interpersonal relations and childhood attachments b.cognitive distortions c.unresolved conflicts d.recurring themes and patterns in thoughts and feelings

Q: what characterizes client-centered therapy? a.the use of dream interpretations to uncover unconscious conflicts b.the use of direct suggestions for how the patient could behave more effectively c.getting the patient to take the perspective of others so he or she can become more empathetic d.helping the client to clarify his or her feelings

Q: contemporary psychodynamic therapy includes: a.focusing on the therapist/patient relationship b.looking for recurring themes c.exploring distressing thoughts d.all of the above

Q: psychoanalysis uses _____ to help patients gain insight into their psychological processes. a.free association b.learned maladaptive behaviors c.faulty thinking d.emotional expression

Q: all forms of psychotherapies depend on the: a.therapist/client relationship b.age of the client c.therapists training and expertise d.clinical setting

Q: someone with a disorder such as _____ would be best helped by psychodynamic therapy because _____. a.schizophrenia; people with schizophrenia usually have histories of trauma and abuse, and psychodynamic therapy helps people deal with these experiences b.depression; depression is the result of traumatic childhood experiences, and psychodynamic therapy helps people deal with these experiences c.borderline personality disorder; psychodynamic therapy is focused on uncovering interpersonal relationships and problems with childhood attachments d.obsessive-compulsive disorder; psychodynamic therapy deals well with compulsions and teaches clients how to extinguish maladaptive behavioral responses

Q: rajneesh decided that in order for him to lead a healthy and productive life, he needed to separate emotionally from his parents and give up their dreams of him becoming a doctor. rajneesh resented his parents because of their lack of understanding of his unique interests and abilities. when he was young, they always said, we want you to be as successful as your brother, the doctor, even though rajneesh never showed an interest in medicine and instead preferred the arts. rajneesh was trying to work out his issues between himself and his parents. problems like rajneeshs, which deal with childhood attachment, interpersonal relationships, and early childhood experiences, might be best helped by treatment with: a.applied behavior analysis b.rational emotive therapy c.psychodynamic therapy d.exposure therapy

Q: which of the following patients would benefit most from psychoanalysis? a.a person recently diagnosed with schizophrenia who is in an acute psychotic episode b.a low-functioning person with depression in need of immediate behavioral change c.a person with antisocial personality disorder d.a young person who cannot separate emotionally from his parents and who is experiencing an identity crisis

Q: freud arranged his therapy room so that his patient could not see him. in his view, this physical arrangement: a.allowed him to focus on his own feelings b.increased the sense of mystery experienced by his patient c.caused the patient to feel more vulnerable and thus to express his or her sickness more d.reduced inhibitions the patient might feel about revealing unconscious thoughts and wishes

Q: one primary goal of psychotherapy is to: a.assess a persons dreams b.change behavioral patterns c.improve communication skills d.none of the above

Q: recent use of psychodynamic therapy has changed in which of the following ways? a.more emphasis is now placed on uncovering childhood traumas. b.it now involves a strong behavior modification component. c.the length of the treatment is significantly shorter. d.people are treated primarily in groups rather than one on one.

Q: psychodynamic therapy has become increasingly controversial because it: a.does not appear to work with minor adjustment problems b.is more time consuming and expensive than many other effective therapies c.is based on the talk therapy model, which research has shown to have little effect on psychological functioning d.relies more on medication than on the patient/therapist relationship

Q: the goal of freuds psychoanalytic approach to therapy was to: a.have patients acknowledge their abuse history b.have clients acknowledge the mismatch between their ideal and actual selves c.uncover the unconscious feelings and motives that were creating problems for the patient d.retrain maladaptive behaviors through techniques such as classical conditioning

Q: if psychotherapy and biological therapy for a given mental disorder are found to be equally effective and only one therapy can be used: a.psychotherapy should be used because it has no side effects and has longer-lasting effects b.biological therapy should be used because it has longer-lasting effects c.choice of therapies should be left up to the patient, not the physician or psychiatrist d.alternative therapies should be investigated

Q: renaldo is a 20-year-old male who has shown some odd behaviors in the past but has always seemed mostly normal to other people. however, lately he has been hearing voices, seeing things that he knows cannot be real, and expressing paranoia about others intentions. his family has noticed a dramatic change in renaldo and fears he is going crazy. considering current evidence regarding the best treatment(s) overall for people with mental disorders, you would expect that renaldo would _____ because _____. a.receive at least two forms of biological treatment; biological treatments are synergistic and produce prolonged and profound effects when administered together b.be put in inpatient care; distance from a dysfunctional family system will often reduce dysfunctional behaviors c.receive both a biological treatment and a psychotherapeutic treatment; drugs can have an immediate impact, whereas psychotherapy can effect long-lasting behavioral changes d.receive two forms of psychotherapy; each can deal with a specific problematic aspect of functioning (e.g., one can deal with emotions, whereas the other can deal with delusional thinking)

Q: two mental health providers are choosing treatment approaches for two different patients. patient a has schizophrenia, believed to be caused by brain dysfunction, and is being seen by dr. brahma, a psychiatrist. patient b has a mild eating disorder, believed to be caused in part by inaccurate beliefs, and is being seen by dr. johnson, a clinical psychologist. patient a will likely receive _____ treatment, and patient b will likely receive _____ treatment, each being one of the major treatment approaches available to mental health professionals. a.applied behavior analysis; cognitive therapy b.cognitive therapy; biological treatment c.biological treatment; applied behavior analysis d.biological treatment; psychotherapy

Q: a general conclusion that can be reached from much recent research on treating mental disorders is that: a.psychotropic medications are the treatment of choice for most disorders because they all involve dysfunctional brain systems b.medications should be given at the beginning of treatment, whereas psychotherapy can be used to teach patients long-term change in behaviors and thought patterns c.even though some mental disorders are clearly caused by biological factors such as autism, the best treatment may be based on behavioral principles d.the use of psychotropic medications is likely to become much less popular in the years ahead

Q: jason has recently been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. jasons treatment will probably involve one or both of the two major classes of treatment, which are: a.psychoanalysis and client-centered therapy b.biological treatment and psychotherapy c.psychotherapy and behavioral therapy d.client-centered therapy and biological treatment

Q: studies of people with schizophrenia who live with their families after therapy indicate that: a.the family has little influence on the course of the illness b.the amount of negative emotion expressed toward the individual by family members predicts relapse rates c.the more time spent with the family, the better the prognosis d.relapse rates are higher when families are wealthier

Q: one of the limits of biological therapies in treating mental disorders is that: a.such treatment may require long-term intervention b.almost all psychotropic drugs are habit forming c.they are more expensive than other forms of therapy d.they cannot be used with children

Q: the two basic approaches to treating mental illness are: a.psychological and biological b.psychopharmacology and behavior therapy c.freudian therapy and client-centered therapy d.behavior modification and cognitive therapy

Q: jacob has clear symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, namely, difficulty with paying attention and lack of behavioral control. jacobs behavior resembles that of people with damage to which of the following brain areas? a.the amygdala b.the hippocampus c.the hypothalamus d.the frontal lobes

Q: researchers have found that some adhd patients have differences in the _____, the part of the brain that is involved in regulating motor behavior and impulse control. a.occipital lobes b.motor cortex c.basil ganglia d.cerebellum

Q: jenny is a 30-year-old executive who was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) when she was in elementary school. based on recent research, you would assume that: a.jenny has few problems with adhd as an adult b.jennys current symptoms will be misunderstood as symptoms of an anxiety disorder rather than adhd c.it is more likely than not that jenny still shows symptoms of adhd d.jenny is unlikely to show adhd symptoms as an adult because women are much more likely than men to outgrow the disorder

Q: tom is a 32-year-old chemical engineer. he was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) as a child. compared to his non-adhd-diagnosed friends, tom is more likely to: a.also have an axis iii disorder b.have struggled to be as successful in work c.have children with a number of different women d.have problems with depression

Q: people who are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) often: a.have well above average intelligence b.are well liked by elementary school peers for being talkative and friendly c.have trouble keeping friends because they miss social cues and make social mistakes d.are diagnosed with another psychological disorder before age 10

Q: adhd is characterized by: a.restlessness b.inattentiveness c.impulsivity d.all of the above

Q: juan-carlos has autism and is watching a childrens television program with his mother. where is juan-carloss gaze most likely located while watching the program? a.on a group of boxes stacked behind the host of the program b.on the host of the program c.on the children who are on the program d.he wouldnt be paying attention to the program at all, but would be focused on his mother

Q: the role of hereditary factors in autism: a.has been based on large-scale studies of autistic parents and their children b.was more prevalent when the disorder was first defined, in the 1960s c.has recently been confirmed by family and twin studies d.is about equal to that played by environmental factors, such as parenting

Q: according to your textbook, all of these are evidence that autism is a biological disorder except: a.there is a high concordance rate of autism in identical twins b.children diagnosed with autism are more likely to have rare gene abnormalities than children who are not diagnosed with autism c.children diagnosed with autism have abnormal amounts of antibodies in their blood d.the brains of children diagnosed with autism do not develop normally during adolescence

Q: jamisons parents noticed that jamison hardly said any words by the time he was 2 years old, that he had never really made eye contact with them, and that he was intensely preoccupied with the buttons and zippers on clothing and paid little attention to anything else. jamison: a.would probably be diagnosed with attention deficit disorder b.will be at higher risk for antisocial personality disorder c.will be at higher risk for obsessive-compulsive disorder d.would probably be diagnosed with autism

Q: based on what you know about the prevalence and diagnosis of various psychological disorders, which of these disorders is most likely to see increasing numbers of cases diagnosed in the next 10 years? a.attention deficit hyperactivity disorder b.autism c.depression d.schizophrenia

Q: symptoms of autism: a.appear around age 4 b.can be seen as early as age 1 c.vary greatly, depending on the sex of the child d.include a pronounced interest in social stimuli

Q: which of the following disorders involves a serious lack of meaningful social contact with other people? a.attention deficit hyperactivity disorder b.obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnosed in childhood c.autism d.borderline personality disorder

Q: one reason for a large increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism may be: a.the criteria for diagnosing autism has changed, making more children qualify as autistic b.there is an epidemic in that more children are developing autism c.more children have better heath care and are getting vaccinations d.there has been no increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism

Q: which of the following children would have the most difficult time making social-emotional connections with other children? a.tommy, who has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder b.willey, who has a disruptive behavior disorder c.chad, who has obsessive-compulsive disorder d.corey, who has autism

Q: this disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, and restricted interests: a.adhd b.generalized anxiety disorder c.autism d.mood disorder

Q: which of the following is not a primary symptom of autism? a.difficulties with verbal communication b.lack of awareness of others, even caregivers c.restricted activities and interests d.mental retardation

Q: aspergers syndrome is: a.a form of autism that involves severe intellectual impairment b.the childhood precursor to obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults c.a form of high-functioning autism d.a form of autism characterized by hyperactivity

Q: as your textbook notes, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of children diagnosed as autistic in recent decades. this increase is thought to stem primarily from: a.greater awareness of the symptoms of this disorder b.an increase in susceptibility to the disorder c.changes in the levels of environmental toxins linked to the disease d.viral factors not yet identified