Q&A Hero

Q: based on research presented in the text, which of the following young patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is likely to have the best treatment outcome after three years? a.randy, who is taking ritalin b.john, who is receiving weekly individual counseling sessions c.hamid, who is receiving daily academic tutoring and cognitive therapy d.soren, who is receiving intensive behavioral therapy

Q: thomas, a 12-year-old, is showing symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. for example, he does not pay attention in school and does not complete, or misplaces, homework. other students regard his frequent disruptive behavior in the classroom as an annoyance. he has trouble playing sports or sticking with any activity that requires his attention for prolonged periods. the first-line treatment for thomas would typically be _____; however, _____ is also recommended because its effects tend to be more long lasting. a.ritalin; group therapy b.ritalin; behavior therapy c.behavior therapy; ritalin d.behavior therapy; group therapy

Q: one of the negative aspects of treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with drugs is that: a.the drugs that treat the disorder may also lead children to develop antisocial behaviors b.the effects are not maintained over a long period c.drug treatment depresses the central nervous system and may cause side effects like overeating d.the effects are maintained for such a long period that parents worry about irreversible side effects

Q: when the drug ritalin is given to children who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, it: a.dramatically increases positive behaviors while slightly reducing negative ones b.increases positive behaviors while leaving negative ones relatively unaffected c.slightly increases positive behaviors while dramatically reducing negative ones d.reduces arousal and hyperactivity but has little effect on specific, overt behaviors

Q: the major benefit of _____ for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is _____. a.client-centered group therapy; social support b.ritalin; incremental improvement that increases over time c.behavior therapy; more long-lasting outcomes than medication alone d.cognitive therapy; greater academic success

Q: the drug ritalin is a _____ that leads to _____ in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. a.peripheral nervous system depressant; decreased motor activity b.peripheral nervous system stimulant; increased motor control c.central nervous system depressant; decreased brain activity d.central nervous system stimulant; increased attention

Q: what is the most common treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? a.clozapine b.benzodiazepines c.prozac d.methylphenidate

Q: children with adhd respond best to this type of treatment: a.structured behavioral treatment b.cognitive therapy c.stimulant medication d.psychoanalysis

Q: a paradoxical aspect of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is that: a.although people think that the brains of children with this disorder are overactive, they are actually underactive b.treating it too early results in an intensification of the disorder later c.drugs for this disorder are the same drugs given to people with schizophrenia, even though children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder do not have symptoms of schizophrenia d.most children with this disorder show only aspects of hyperactivity, not of attention deficit

Q: sam, a 10-year-old, has been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd). which of the following outcomes would you expect to see as sam gets older? a.he will outgrow this disorder by young adulthood. b.he has a high likelihood of having adhd as a young adult. c.his prognosis is very good if he receives early drug treatment. d.the prognosis is unclear; long-term studies have not yet been conducted on this disorder.

Q: suicide is the _____ leading cause of death among adolescents. this statistic suggests that treatment with _____, while controversial, still shows more benefits than risks. a.second; exposure therapy b.second; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors c.third; exposure therapy d.third; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Q: a drug representative who works for the company that makes prozac has to make a pitch to a group of doctors regarding the use of prozac to treat adolescent depression. what is the most accurate statement the drug representative could make? a.yes, prozac increases suicidal thinking and may increase risk of suicide, but so do other treatments. b.yes, prozac may increase suicidal thinking, but suicide rates have actually decreased since serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been introduced. c.prozac does not increase suicidal thinking or suicide risk, although there are a number of other side effects that are specific to adolescents. d.prozac does not increase suicidal thinking or suicide risk, and it can be recommended as the most effective treatment available for adolescent depression.

Q: the fact that more antidepressants have been prescribed to adolescents in recent decades while the adolescent suicide rate has gone down provides evidence that: a.there is a correlation between antidepressant use in adolescents and lower suicide rates b.antidepressants directly reduce suicide risk c.antidepressants are the treatment of choice for adolescent depression d.other forms of therapy are not as effective as antidepressants, at least for adolescents

Q: based on the results of the treatment of adolescents with depression study (tads), which of the following conclusions would be most appropriate if a doctor was interested in prescribing prozac for an adolescent patient with depression? a.the doctor should avoid prescribing prozac because it causes suicidal thoughts. b.the doctor should prescribe prozac but state that one of the risks of taking the drug may be an increase in suicidal thoughts. c.the doctor should prescribe a different drug, such as a tricyclic, which has the same effects but without causing suicidal thoughts. d.the doctor should prescribe cognitive-behavioral therapy with a licensed psychologist, because prozac and other antidepressants are no longer recommended for adolescents for a multitude of reasons.

Q: based on an inquiry by the fda, about how many adolescents out of 100 could be expected to experience serious suicidal thoughts while being treated with prozac? choose the best answer. a.0 b.4 c.25 d.50

Q: which of the following adolescents would be most likely to experience suicidal thinking during treatment? a.tammy, who is taking a tricyclic b.jahangir, who is in cognitive-behavioral therapy c.juan, who is taking prozac d.lee, who is taking a placebo

Q: the finding that some adolescents who take antidepressants experience suicidal thoughts is: a.generally true b.rarely true c.true only when the adolescents are overmedicated d.none of the above

Q: both _____ and _____ have proven effective in the treatment of adolescent depression. this finding shows that _____. a.prozac; tricyclics; chemical interventions may be most appropriate for adolescent depression b.prozac; ritalin; adolescent depression is multifaceted and complex c.long-term cognitive-behavioral therapy; short-term psychodynamic therapy; adolescents need to find a treatment approach that works for them d.cognitive-behavioral therapy; interpersonal therapy; psychological treatments may be the best treatment option if adolescents will comply with them

Q: dr. ramos, a psychiatrist, treats many adolescent patients who suffer from depression. she often treats these patients with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as prozac. if she would like to add a treatment component that has been shown to improve outcomes for adolescents, she should recommend both prozac and: a.dialectical behavior therapy b.client-centered group therapy c.exposure and response prevention d.cognitive-behavioral therapy

Q: psychotherapeutic treatments of adolescent depression are: a.ineffective b.effective but time consuming c.about three times more effective as treatment with drugs alone d.seldom effective unless used in combination with drugs

Q: in a study comparing various treatments for adolescent depression, researchers found that: a.prozac in combination with cognitive-behavioral therapy worked best b.the placebo group did nearly as well as the prozac-only group c.the prozac-only group experienced an increase in suicidal thoughts d.suicides were equally likely across all treatment groups

Q: in a group of adolescents, approximately _____ can be expected to suffer from depression at any particular time. a.5 percent b.15 percent c.20 percent d.25 percent

Q: which of the following psychological treatments appears to have the most research support in terms of large-scale treatment studies of adolescent depression? a.group behavior therapy b.behavior therapy c.cognitive-behavioral therapy d.brief psychodynamic therapy

Q: approximately what percentage of children and adolescents in the united states experience mental disorders? a.1020 percent b.about 25 percent c.3040 percent d.about 50 percent

Q: tommy has a 20-year history of stealing, armed robbery, physical violence, and lying and cheating to get out of trouble. these behaviors started in grade school. based on what is known about the origins and treatment of this kind of disorder, which of the following statements would best represent a knowledgeable psychiatrists opinion on tommys treatment options? a.tommy, i wish that someone would have intervened with you when you were younger. b.tommy, given the outstanding history of deviance you have had, hospitalization is your best option. c.tommy, the best treatment for you currently is deep brain stimulation, which might remove some of your impulsive and aggressive tendencies. d.tommy, the most promising treatment option for you right now is heavy medication, including lithium and perhaps an antipsychotic.

Q: tommy has a long history of stealing, armed robbery, physical violence, and lying and cheating to get out of trouble. today, the general consensus among researchers and clinicians on dealing with a problem such as tommys is that: a.both medication and extensive individual psychotherapy are necessary to treat this disorder b.an important solution is to focus on early intervention in childhood rather than treatment later in life c.a combination of treatments designed for borderline personality disorder and depression would be most effective with this disorder d.nothing can be done to help people with such a severe form of the disorder, even in childhood

Q: imagine that you work for a foundation that has a particular interest in reducing the prevalence of antisocial personality disorder. on the basis of what we know regarding therapy for people who have this disorder, how could you best invest the foundations money? a.fund research focusing on prevention of this disorder b.increase the use of the many empirically validated treatments available for this disorder c.provide free psychotropic drugs for the treatment of people with the disorder d.establish more outpatient clinics that are prepared to deal with this disorder

Q: individuals with antisocial personality disorder: a.are very responsive to treatment b.are responsive to treatment if it is used before age 40 c.tend to improve after age 40 without therapeutic intervention d.respond best to relationship-based psychotherapies, such as client-centered therapy

Q: therapy for antisocial personality disorder appears to work best if: a.it is done on an inpatient basis or in a correctional facility b.the patient has control over when the therapy sessions are held c.therapy is done on an individual rather than a group basis d.antipsychotic drugs are used as part of the treatment

Q: dr. johnson asks sam, how have you gotten your way in the past? sam says, by intimidating and bullying people. dr. johnson continues, and what consequences have resulted from your behavior? sam says, i have been in jail for 12 of the past 13 years. dr. johnson asks, what did you actually accomplish by bullying others? sam responds, i got jail time. first, a correct diagnosis for sam would most likely be _____. and if dr. johnson asks sam to question the validity of his beliefs as a way to change sams behavior, then dr. johnson is most likely a _____. a.borderline personality disorder; psychodynamic therapist b.antisocial personality disorder; cognitive therapist c.borderline personality disorder; dialectical behavior therapist d.antisocial personality disorder; humanistic therapist

Q: individuals with antisocial personality disorder are difficult to treat because they: a.are so focused on the future that they lose sight of their present difficulties b.care little about how others feel about their behavior c.have excessively low self-esteem and feel therapists will not want to treat them d.view their problems as too overwhelming to treat

Q: the antisocial personality is extremely difficult to treat because of the: a.patients tendency to lie b.patients lack of concern for the consequences of his or her actions c.patients lack of concern for the rights of others d.all of the above

Q: the individuals with borderline personality disorder who have the best prognosis are: a.those who have received drug interventions b.those treated on an outpatient rather than an inpatient basis c.those who have gone through dialectical behavior therapy d.those who have received cognitive therapy

Q: the last stage in dialectical behavior therapy is _____, and this stage is important because _____. a.identifying the traumatic experiences; these experiences caused the emotional problems b.helping the client develop as an independent, self-validating person; it reduces the clients problematic dependence on others, which is a hallmark of the disorder c.replacing dysfunctional behaviors with adaptive ones; the heart of the problem lies in faulty classical and operant conditioning d.dealing with the self-harming behaviors; it increases the clients self-esteem

Q: shanaia has recently been treated with antidepressants and is engaging in intensive, long-term therapy in an inpatient setting. the therapy emphasizes reducing self-harming behaviors, improving coping skills, exploring past traumatic experiences, and developing self-respect. this combination is the best form of therapy available for her disorder. shanaia has: a.severe depression b.bipolar disorder c.borderline personality disorder d.obsessive-compulsive disorder

Q: mary is being treated for borderline personality disorder (bpd) in an inpatient treatment center. what will the first stage of treatment generally involve? a.it will be brief and intense and involve group therapy with other patients who have bpd. b.it will involve drug treatment with a mood stabilizer such as lithium and brief psychodynamic therapy. c.mary will meet with a cognitive therapist at least twice a week. d.her therapist will first work to replace her most extreme and dysfunctional behaviors with more adaptive and effective ways of coping.

Q: dialectical behavior therapy: a.initially showed some promise for treating borderline personality disorder, but has now been abandoned b.requires both group sessions and individual therapy, and makes clear the patients responsibilities for treatment c.is effective only if combined with antipsychotic drugs d.is a treatment of last resort because of its cost

Q: currently, the best approach to treating borderline personality disorder is: a.traditional psychotherapy b.dialectical behavioral therapy c.behavior modification d.antipsychotic drugs

Q: most therapists agree that personality disorders, including borderline personality disorder: a.are difficult to treat b.respond to drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors c.are well understood in terms of their causes d.tend to go away on their own

Q: people with borderline personality disorder (bpd) would be easier to treat if: a.beneficial treatments were available b.a simple version of behavior therapy could be tailored to bpd behaviors c.they were less impulsive and self-destructive d.drugs were available to treat bpd cognitive distortions

Q: about personality disorders, we can say that: a.we know a great deal about their causes and effective treatments b.effective treatments have been devised in the absence of understanding their causes c.compared to other forms of mental difficulty, they are relatively easy to treat d.they are typically very difficult to treat

Q: which of the following people suffering from schizophrenia will have the worst prognosis? a.parvati, a woman diagnosed at age 30 who lives in rural india b.merlyn, a man diagnosed at age 18 who lives in new york city c.sherril, a woman diagnosed at age 18 who lives in los angeles d.simeon, a man diagnosed at age 30 who lives in rural kenya

Q: which of the following people who were diagnosed with schizophrenia at age 20 will have the best prognosis? a.slim, a man who lives in a developed country b.hassim, a man who lives in a developing country c.shauna, a woman who lives in a developed country d.sariyah, a woman who lives in a developing country

Q: of the following people, who would have the best prognosis of recovering from schizophrenia? a.reinhard, a male who lives in germany and who developed the disorder as a child b.jalisa, who is from the united states and developed the disorder as a child c.safia, who lives in egypt and developed the disorder later in life d.roberto, who lives in the united states and developed the disorder later in life

Q: odelia has schizophrenia and has been successfully treated with medication; her visual and auditory hallucinations have decreased, and she no longer believes that her great aunt speaks to her through the television. however, odelia still has some odd behaviors, and others view her as a little strange. odelias doctor will most likely recommend that she receive: a.social skills training b.emotion management training c.assertiveness training d.dialectical behavior training

Q: individuals with schizophrenia may be helped by _____ in addition to pharmacological treatment. a.social skills training b.job skills training c.time management training d.etiquette training

Q: although the technique is not new, _____ has recently been applied with some success to the treatment of people with schizophrenia. a.systematic desensitization b.cognitive therapy c.empathy training d.exposure and response prevention

Q: cognitive-behavioral therapy (cbt) has been especially effective in reducing the symptoms of _____ in schizophrenia. a.delusions and hallucinations b.emotional outbursts c.social aggression d.cbt has so far been demonstrated to be ineffective for this disorder.

Q: the use of haloperidol and chlorpromazine to treat schizophrenia: a.has been largely ineffective in spite of early enthusiasm for the drugs b.may produce motor side effects resembling those of parkinsons disease c.is best for relatively mild forms of the disorder d.is especially recommended because of the drugs minor side effects

Q: the reason newer antipsychotic drugs are as effective as they are, and the reason they have largely replaced the older drugs used to treat schizophrenia, is that they work on _____. without this feature, their effectiveness would be about the same as the older drugs, and the side effects would be the same. a.the limbic system as well as the frontal lobe b.brain areas in both the left and right hemispheres c.multiple neurotransmitter systems other than dopamine d.lithium and dopamine receptors

Q: kristos has schizophrenia and exhibits only the negative symptoms of the disorder (lack of speech, lack of movement, etc.). kristos would benefit most from which of these drugs? a.lithium b.clozapine c.reserpine d.haloperidol

Q: if clive was a doctor in 1968 and the patients he treated were suffering from schizophrenia, he would probably have given them _____. if clive was a doctor in 2008, he would probably give these same patients _____. a.a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor b.lithium salts; a lithium agonist c.a second-generation antipsychotic; a fourth-generation antipsychotic d.haloperidol; clozapine

Q: clozapine was an improvement over previous antipsychotic medications because it: a.acted specifically on the dopamine neurotransmitter system b.reduced the negative as well as the positive symptoms of schizophrenia c.had only moderate parkinsonian effects d.also worked for disorders such as bipolar disorder

Q: the pharmacological treatment of antipsychotics are best used to treat: a.depression b.mania c.schizophrenia d.bipolar disorder

Q: which of the following therapies represents the best treatment for schizophrenia? a.second-generation antipsychotics such as risperidol combined with social skills training and family therapy b.desensitization therapy combined with antidepressants c.haloperidol and lithium d.clozapine combined with insight therapy

Q: haloperidol and chlorpromazine are used to treat: a.schizophrenia b.depression c.anxiety disorders d.tardive dyskinesia

Q: by the mid-twentieth century, it was recognized that schizophrenia: a.was harder to treat than bipolar disorder b.was best treated with freudian psychoanalysis c.required intensive cognitive-behavioral therapy d.was probably a brain-based disorder that required medication

Q: chlorpromazine: a.reduces some of the symptoms of schizophrenia b.has the same effects as lithium on mental functioning c.sedates people to the point of sleeping d.reduces some of the effects of depression

Q: a lobotomy for a psychotic disorder is: a.the treatment of choice b.typically used if other approaches have failed c.useful with schizophrenia but not depression d.no longer in general use as a therapeutic intervention for psychosis

Q: ted has suffered from schizophrenia for the last 10 years. he has several negative symptoms and has not responded favorably to traditional antipsychotics. in deciding on an appropriate therapy, his psychiatrist would be wise to suggest: a.family therapy b.a newer antipsychotic, such as clozapine c.an older antipsychotic, such as haloperidol d.training in expressed emotion

Q: one of the _____ treatments of schizophrenia involves _____, a treatment type based on the behavioral approach. a.social; teaching social skills training b.biological; using older and newer antipsychotics c.psychosocial; social skills training d.biological; using deep brain stimulation and biofeedback

Q: _____ is best treated with medication. this is a problem because _____. a.depression; people with depression are often too apathetic to take their medication b.depression; few good pharmacological treatments are available c.bipolar disorder; the drugs are so expensive that almost no one can afford them d.bipolar disorder; aspects of the disorder are considered pleasurable and attractive, so there is an incentive to stop taking the medication

Q: on which of the following patients would lithium alone have the most clear and beneficial effect? a.someone who has extreme bouts of mania and mild depression b.someone who has extreme bouts of depression and mild mania c.someone who has mild bouts of depression and mania d.someone who has extreme bouts of depression and mania

Q: in the treatment of bipolar disorder with the drug lithium it has been discovered that: a.lithiums effect on mania is stronger than its effect on depression b.the side effects of the drug intensify over time c.the drug cannot be combined with any other drugs because of negative drug interactions d.it is much less effective than behavioral interventions

Q: major depression and bipolar disorder: a.are both personality disorders b.are fundamentally different and require different treatment approaches c.both respond to lithium d.are as difficult to treat as personality disorders

Q: the most effective treatment for bipolar disorder is: a.electroconvulsive therapy b.behavioral therapy c.the medication lithium d.none of the above

Q: the drug lithium: a.has side effects that intensify over time b.was specifically developed to treat mood disorders c.shows a reduction in side effects with continued use d.is much less effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy for treating bipolar disorder

Q: the treatment most effective for bipolar disorder is: a.lithium b.electroconvulsive therapy c.cognitive-behavioral therapy d.transcranial magnetic stimulation

Q: skylar recently became a clinical psychologist and is interested in working specifically with people suffering from depression. based on what is known about the demographics of this disorder, which of the following issues is likely to come up most frequently in sessions with depressed clients? a.the difficulties involved in discussing ones sexual orientation b.how race and ethnicity affect ones self-perception and social interactions c.the multiple demands of work and family life, and the interaction between these areas d.the stresses of being poor

Q: based on what you know about gender and depression, what should therapists pay attention to when working with people who are depressed? a.they should be sensitive to female and male clients multiple work and family responsibilities. b.they should be sensitive to female clients multiple work and family responsibilities and sensitive to male reluctance to discuss their own depression. c.they should be careful to treat male and female clients equally, regardless of personal history or personal characteristics. d.they should treat clients who have the same genderplus ethnic background and sexual orientationas themselves, so that client and therapist can easily build rapport.

Q: latoya, who experiences minor depression, was recruited for a research study in which she will receive either an antidepressant or a placebo. latoya receives the drug treatment. compared to people receiving placebo treatment, she will: a.be equally likely to experience symptom relief b.tend to expect symptom relief and therefore will experience it c.be less likely to expect symptom relief, but will receive it nevertheless d.experience no more improvement in her symptoms than those who were given a placebo

Q: according to your textbook, one study on inactivity in the prefrontal cortex and depressive symptoms found that: a.both placebos and active drugs increased activity in the prefrontal cortex and alleviated symptoms of depression b.only active drugs increased activity in the prefrontal cortex and alleviated symptoms of depression c.neither drugs nor placebos increased activity in the prefrontal cortex and alleviated symptoms of depression d.both active drugs and placebos decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex and alleviated symptoms of depression

Q: transcranial magnetic stimulation is similar to electroconvulsive therapy in two ways. it _____, and it is helpful for people who _____. a.involves brain stimulation; have a second serious disorder, such as schizophrenia b.involves brain stimulation; have not responded to traditional drug therapies c.can be used outside of a hospital setting; also have another serious disorder, such as schizophrenia d.can be used outside of a hospital setting; have not responded to traditional drug therapies

Q: jered is suicidal. he has been seriously depressed for about a year and is saying that he wants to end it all. he has not responded to typical drug therapies. his psychiatrist believes it is critical to try something that will work as effectively and as quickly as possible. his psychiatrist will probably recommend: a.electroconvulsive therapy b.lithium c.a combination of a mao-inhibitor and lithium d.up to three antidepressant medications and an antipsychotic

Q: is it likely that transcranial magnetic stimulation will replace electroconvulsive therapy as a treatment for depression? a.yes; transcranial magnetic stimulation is much easier to administer. b.no; the two involve different mechanisms and treat different kinds of patients. c.no; transcranial magnetic stimulation has no effect on depression. d.yes; transcranial magnetic stimulation is more effective than electroconvulsive therapy.

Q: your textbook authors argue that although transcranial magnetic stimulation has fewer side effects than electroconvulsive therapy for treating depression, it will never fully replace the former because: a.it is much more expensive to administer b.the two approaches may work with different kinds of patients c.patients prefer the latter d.electroconvulsive therapy is effective with patients who have not responded to drug treatments, whereas transcranial magnetic stimulation is not

Q: one of the more exciting treatments for depression has shown what your textbook calls stunning results in severely depressed people. four out of six patients in one study felt almost immediate relief from depression symptoms once this treatment program began. this treatment is: a.electroconvulsive therapy b.transcranial magnetic stimulation c.targeted prefrontal psychosurgery d.deep brain stimulation

Q: in terms of alternative therapies for depression, some patients with depression respond to _____, whereas for patients with severe and difficult-to-treat depression, _____ can be very helpful. a.regular aerobic exercise; twice-daily doses of st. johns wort b.changes in diet; lithium c.regular aerobic exercise; electroconvulsive therapy d.changes in diet; dialectical therapy

Q: transcranial magnetic stimulation has been found most useful in treating: a.anxiety disorders b.phobias c.sexual dysfunction d.depression

Q: although effective, electroconvulsive therapy for depression: a.has a high relapse rate b.works only if applied to the correct brain hemisphere c.invariably results in some level of permanent brain damage d.has been condemned by the scientific community because it is considered unethical