Q&A Hero

Q: By the time a child of adolescent parents starts school, A)fewer than one-fourth have regular paternal contact. B)nearly half visit with their fathers regularly. C)less than two-thirds receive financial assistance from their fathers. D)most have established lasting ties to their fathers.

Q: __________ is linked to delayed initiation of sexual activity and to reduced teenage pregnancy. A)Abstinence-based sex education B)Even limited sex education C)Early pubertal development D)School involvement

Q: Research shows that sex education programs focusing on abstinence __________ delaying teenage sexual activity. A)have little or no impact on B)have had great success at C)are more successful for boys than for girls at D)are more successful for girls than for boys at

Q: In the United States, the most controversial aspect of adolescent pregnancy prevention efforts is A)the promotion of abstinence. B)requiring sex education courses in school. C)teaching social skills for handling sexual situations. D)increasing access to contraceptives.

Q: Which of the following adolescent mothers is most likely to break the intergenerational cycle of adolescent parenthood? A)Prudence, who marries her daughter's father B)Heidi, who does not provide her son with age-appropriate toys C)Natalia, who does not earn her high school diploma D)Emma, who is unmarried and has a part-time job

Q: Which of the following statements regarding the intergenerational continuity of adolescent pregnancy and parenthood is true? A)Becoming a second-generation teenage parent is inevitable for individuals born to an adolescent mother. B)Intergenerational continuity in adolescent daughters is far greater when teenage mothers marry. C)Marriage may limit the negative impact of teenage childbearing on development by reducing family stress. D)Adolescent parenthood does not increase the chances of teenage childbearing in the next generation.

Q: Compared with adult mothers, adolescent mothers A)know more about child development. B)perceive their infants as more difficult. C)have low expectations for their infants. D)less often engage in child abuse.

Q: Reduced educational and occupational attainment A)is greater for teenage fathers than for teenage mothers. B)often persists well into adulthood for both teenage mothers and fathers. C)is greater for teenage mothers than for teenage fathers. D)is lessened for teenage parents if the couple gets married.

Q: Research shows that about half of adolescent fathers A)make regular child support payments. B)have regular contact with their infant. C)come from economically advantaged families. D)have been incarcerated.

Q: Which of the following teens is most likely to have an adolescent pregnancy? A)Wynn, a middle-income African American B)Kim, a high-income Asian American C)Selena, a low-income Hispanic American D)Bella, a middle-income Caucasian American

Q: The number of American teenage births is lower than it was 50 years ago because A)about one-fourth of adolescent pregnancies end in abortion. B)sex education programs in public schools are more effective. C)convenient contraceptive services are more readily available. D)more girls today are practicing abstinence.

Q: Which of the following statements about preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is true? A)Currently, there is no vaccine available to protect against human papillomavirus (HPV). B)Latex condoms provide perfect protection against STIs by stopping the passage of bacteria and viruses. C)Using a needle, syringe, or drug liquid previously used by others can spread STIs. D)A blood test to detect HIV infection must be administered and repeated at least three months after risky behavior.

Q: As a result of school courses and media campaigns, about 90 percent of U.S. high school students A)are aware of basic facts about HIV and AIDS. B)have a good understanding of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). C)who are sexually active use contraception consistently. D)who are sexually active use STI protection during oral sex.

Q: Which of the following statements about HIV and AIDS is true? A)AIDS symptoms typically emerge 3 to 5 years after HIV infection. B)It is twice as easy for a female to infect a male with HIV as for a male to infect a female. C)The incidence of HIV infection among people under age 30 in the United States is low. D)One-fifth of U.S. HIV cases are young people between ages 13 and 24.

Q: Teenagers at greatest risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are A)economically disadvantaged young people who feel a sense of hopelessness. B)those from economically advantaged families whose parents are permissive. C)teenagers attending magnet schools in low-income neighborhoods. D)teenagers who have easy access to condoms and contraception.

Q: Kevin, a sexually active teen, has fluid-filled blisters on his genitals, a high fever, and a severe headache. Kevin's doctor will probably find that Kevin has A) chlamydia. B) gonorrhea. C)syphilis. D)herpes simplex 2.

Q: Which of the following common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) of adolescence is caused by a virus? A)syphilis B)herpes simplex 2 C)chlamydia D)gonorrhea

Q: Which of the following sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can lead to infertility and sterility if left untreated? A)herpes simplex 2 B)human papillomavirus (HPV) C)chlamydia D)syphilis

Q: Girls who __________ are more likely to develop lesbian or bisexual orientations. A)were exposed prenatally to very high levels of androgens and estrogens B)have a higher-than-average number of older sisters C)inherited an X-linked gene from their father D)are "gender-deviant" in their dress and behavior

Q: Studies involving genetic influences on sexual orientation indicate that A)male homosexuality tends to be more common on the paternal than on the maternal side of families. B)fraternal twins are more likely than identical twins to share a homosexual orientation. C)adoptive relatives are just as likely as biological relatives to share a homosexual orientation. D)gay brothers often have an identical segment of DNA on the X chromosome.

Q: Suzanne responded to her daughter's coming out positively. She is understanding and accepting of the teenager's same-sex romantic relationship. However, Suzanne is concerned about her daughter's self-acceptance. Suzanne should know that A)coming out to family impedes a young person's view of homosexuality as a valid and fulfilling identity. B)contact with other gay and lesbian peers can interfere with a young person's self-acceptance. C)coming out to friends often brings a backlash that impedes many aspects of adolescent development. D)a key predictor of favorable adjustment for gay and lesbian youths is parental understanding.

Q: Which of the following accurately characterizes the three-phase sequence that many gay and lesbian adolescents and adults move through in coming out to themselves and others? A)feeling different, confusion, self-acceptance B)confusion, feeling accepted, announcement C)feeling different, self-acceptance, integration D)feeling rejected, confusion, self-acceptance

Q: Early sexual activity is more common among young people from __________ homes. A)high-income B)economically disadvantaged C)middle-income D)two-parent

Q: Which of the following teens is more likely to have early sex or frequent teenage sexual activity? A)Uli, who feels a strong sense of personal control over life events B)Howie, who is an only child C)Darwin, who was a late maturer D)Ryan, whose parents do not monitor his activities

Q: Which of the following statements about adolescent sexual attitudes and behavior is true? A)Rates of extramarital sex among U.S. young people are on the rise. B)During the past 15 years, adolescents have become more liberal in their sexual beliefs. C)Girls tend to have their first intercourse earlier than boys. D)About 70 percent of sexually active teenagers report that they first had sex with a steady dating partner.

Q: Mr. Linden wants to discuss sex with his teenage daughter. Which of the following approaches would you recommend to him? A)a parent-dominated explanation about the facts of life B)a give-and-take conversation between parent and child C)a child-led question/answer session D)a judgmental conversation in which he does not answer the child's questions

Q: Brad's parents provide him with information on sex and contraception and convey their values. As a result, Brad is likely to A)take sexual risks. B)engage in sex at a young age. C)adopt his parents' views. D)avoid casual dating.

Q: Sexual attitudes in North America are A)extremely liberal. B)fairly open. C)relatively restrictive. D)highly restrictive.

Q: Which of the following adolescents is most likely to have parents with a permissive attitude about sex? A)Iryana, an Iranian B)Kirsten, a Canadian C)Madison, an American D)Fau, a Papua New Guinean

Q: The production of __________ in young people of both sexes leads to an increase in sex drive. A)estrogens B)adrenaline C)androgens D)thyroxine

Q: Which of the following statements about concussion injuries is true? A)Concussions can have lasting effects on cognitive and emotional functioning. B)Compared to adults, adolescents require less recovery time. C)Concussions among high school athletes declined during the past decade. D)If tended to immediately, athletes can safely return to play shortly after a concussion.

Q: Which of the following statements about firearms and adolescent injury is true? A)Firearms are the leading cause of adolescent fatalities in the United States. B)Violence-related behaviors among high school students have increased in recent decades. C)Only Canada and New Zealand have a higher firearm death rate among 15- to 19-year-olds than the United States. D)Metal detectors in schools have had little impact on youth violence.

Q: Which of the following statements about automobile accidents and adolescent drivers is true? A)Graduated licensing laws greatly reduce adolescent traffic fatalities. B)Parent-child communication has no preventive effect on automobile accidents. C)Girls account for the majority of adolescent automobile fatalities in the United States. D)U.S. adolescent automobile fatalities have risen steadily over the past 35 years.

Q: The leading killer of U.S. teenagers is A)firearms. B)automobile accidents. C)suicide. D)sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Q: Casey repeatedly engages in out-of-control binge eating but does not purge afterwards. Casey probably suffers from A)compulsive overeating. B)binge-eating disorder. C)bulimia nervosa. D)anorexia nervosa.

Q: In contrast to young people with anorexia, those with bulimia nervosa A)do not have a pathological fear of getting fat. B)feel depressed or guilty about their abnormal eating habits. C)experience their parents as involved and emotionally available. D)have unrealistically high standards for their own performance.

Q: Connie's teenage daughter follows a strict diet during the day, exercises excessively, binge eats in the evening, and often takes laxatives. Connie should be concerned that her daughter has A)anorexia nervosa. B)obsessive compulsive disorder. C)bulimia nervosa. D)a severe hormone imbalance.

Q: Treating individuals with anorexia is difficult because A)they commonly deny the seriousness of their disorder. B)their mothers are often overprotective and are reluctant to hospitalize them. C)they tend to avoid intimate ties, such as those with a therapist. D)abnormalities in their brains make effective change difficult.

Q: Fathers of daughters with anorexia nervosa tend to be A)overprotective and controlling. B)sensitive to adolescent autonomy. C)highly indulgent. D)emotionally distant.

Q: Many young people with anorexia A)have parents who foster autonomy. B)feel guilty about their abnormal eating habits. C)have poor academic performance at school. D)are emotionally inhibited.

Q: Alyssa has anorexia nervosa. Which of the following symptoms will she likely display? A)erosion of the enamel of her teeth B)migraine headaches C)menstrual cycle disruptions D)extreme sensitivity to heat

Q: Which of the following girls is most likely to develop anorexia nervosa? A)Cheyanne, an African American B)Brenda, an Asian American C)Ashley, a Caucasian American D)Delilah, a Hispanic American

Q: Renae has a compulsive fear of getting fat. As a result, she is starving herself. Renae has A)bulimia nervosa. B)typical adolescent insecurities. C)trichomoniasis. D)anorexia nervosa.

Q: __________ is a strong predictor of the onset of an eating disorder in adolescence. A)Severe dieting B)Obsessive behavior C)Participation in sports D)Poverty

Q: Which of the following girls is most at risk for an eating problem? A)Angela, who reached puberty late B)Caity, who reached puberty early C)Bea, who grew up in a home with no weight concerns D)Desiree, whose friends are overweight

Q: Vegetarian adolescents A)are far less likely than their nonvegetarian counterparts to have healthy eating habits. B)may have diets that are deficient in certain nutrients. C)are prone to fad dieting, which can lead to later weight gain. D)usually consume too few calories and nutrients for proper growth.

Q: Janelle, a teenager, is chronically tired and frequently irritable, but she appears to be growing normally. She should have a medical checkup because she might be suffering from A)anemia. B)obesity. C)diabetes. D)anorexia nervosa.

Q: __________ is strongly associated with greater intake of fruits, vegetables, grains, and calcium-rich foods. A)Positive body image B)Adolescent girls' concern about their weight C)Frequency of family meals D)Participation in fad diets

Q: Of all age groups, adolescents are the most likely to A)be obese. B)skip breakfast. C)make healthy food choices. D)need less protein.

Q: Follow-ups reveal that __________-maturing __________, especially, are at risk for lasting difficulties. A)early; boys B)late; boys C)late; girls D)early; girls

Q: Early-maturing __________ girls tend to report a less positive body image than other girls. A)Asian-American B)Hispanic C)Caucasian D)African-American

Q: Which of the following statements about the role of physical attractiveness and the timing of puberty in Western society is true? A)The ideal female image is a girlish shape that favors the early developer. B)The ideal male image is a muscular shape that favors the late developer. C)The ideal male image is a muscular shape that favors the early developer. D)Both the ideal male and female image favor early-maturing teens.

Q: Maggi is a later-maturing girl. She is most likely to be regarded as A)a leader at school. B)unpopular. C)lacking in self-confidence. D)withdrawn.

Q: Chinara is an early-maturing girl. She is most likely to be perceived as __________ by her peers. A)popular B)withdrawn C)independent D)relaxed

Q: Ethan is an early-maturing boy. He is probably perceived by both adults and peers as A)unpopular. B)self-confident. C)withdrawn. D)prone to depression.

Q: The Rourke's have a teenage son and daughter. Which of the following is most likely to be true? A)Mrs. Rourke's conflict with her daughter will be just as intense as conflict with her son. B)Mr. Rourke's conflict with his daughter will be more intense than conflict with his son. C)Mrs. Rourke's conflict with her son will be more intense than conflict with her daughter. D)Mr. Rourke's conflict with his son will be just as intense as conflict with his daughter.

Q: Parents and teens quarrel more often A)in late adolescence, as teens begin making their own life decisions, than in early and middle adolescence. B)in tribal and village societies where adolescence is recognized by a transition to adult status. C)when there is a large gap between parents' and adolescents' views of teenagers' readiness for new responsibilities. D)about important family values, such as honesty and integrity, than about everyday matters, such as driving and curfews.

Q: __________ is a modern substitute for the physical departure of the adolescent from the home. A)An initiation ceremony B)Adolescent sensation seeking C)Psychological distancing D)Summer camp

Q: Which of the following teens is likely to have the most stable moods? A)13-year-old Tya B)14-year-old Leah C)16-year-old Tyler D)19-year-old Jesse

Q: Higher pubertal hormone levels are __________ linked to __________ moodiness. A)strongly; greater B)strongly; lesser C)modestly; greater D)modestly; lesser

Q: Haeata lives in a tribal society and just experienced menarche. Which of the following is probably true? A)Haeata will feel ashamed and will not tell anyone about the onset of puberty. B)Haeata will still be regarded as a child by her parents and family. C)The tribe will celebrate the onset of puberty with an initiation ceremony. D)Haeata will experience no change in social status.

Q: Trevor just experienced spermarche. Which of the following is likely to be true? A)Trevor will tell a friend that he experienced spermarche. B)Trevor's first ejaculation occurred earlier than he expected. C)Trevor did not know about ejaculation ahead of time. D)Trevor learned about spermarche from discussions with his father.

Q: Boys typically respond to spermarche with A)fear. B)mixed feelings. C)depression. D)joy.

Q: Compared with Caucasian-American families, African-American families A)express more conflict over girls reaching sexual maturity. B)treat menarche as an important milestone. C)show boys more social support than girls for the changes of puberty. D)do not prepare girls for menarche as well.

Q: Kyla's grandma recalls menarche as a traumatic experience. She would like things to be different for Kyla. What advice can you give her? A)She should let Kyla be surprised by menarche and then answer any questions she has about puberty. B)She should explain to Kyla that menarche is an unpleasant but necessary experience. C)She should prepare Kyla in advance and treat it as an important milestone. D)She should provide Kyla with biological information but deliver the information as clinically as possible.

Q: Girls commonly react to menarche with A)surprise. B)joy. C)fear. D)depression.

Q: Sleep rebound on weekends A)helps teenagers perform better in school during the weekdays. B)substantially compensates for sleep loss during the weekdays. C)can lead to difficulty falling asleep on subsequent evenings. D)is directly related to the extent of the sleep "phase delay."

Q: Compared to teenagers of previous generations, today's teenagers A)get much less sleep. B)are better able to cope with sleep loss. C)go to bed earlier on school nights. D)are better educated about the importance of sleep.

Q: Which of the following statements about brain development in adolescence is true? A)Adolescents recruit the prefrontal cortex's network of connections with other brain areas more effectively than adults do. B)Adolescents tend to perform better than adults on tasks requiring inhibition and future orientation. C)When peers are present, adolescents' brains are especially receptive to cues associated with risk taking. D)Adolescents react less strongly to stressful events than adults do and experience pleasurable stimuli less intensely.

Q: As humans and mammals become more sexually mature, neurons A)continue to reproduce in the prefrontal cortex. B)selectively respond to pleasurable stimuli. C)experience a growth spurt in the generation of new synapses. D)become more responsive to excitatory neurotransmitters.

Q: Findings that a secular trend exists for pubertal timing lends added support to the role of A)ethnicity to the onset of puberty. B)physical well-being in adolescent growth. C)societal pressure to mature on puberty trends. D)brain responses to puberty signals.

Q: When children's safety and security are at risk, it is adaptive for them to A)reproduce early. B)reproduce later. C)fail to reproduce. D)delay puberty.

Q: Which of the following girls is likely to reach menarche first? A)A'akia, who lives in a poverty-stricken village in Ethiopia B)Anya, who comes from a low-income family in Sweden C)Alexis, who is a middle-income Caucasian American D)Angelique, who is a middle-income African American

Q: Which of the following statements about body fat and puberty is true? A)Breast and pubic hair growth occur later for heavier girls. B)Few studies report a link between body fat and puberty in boys. C)Few studies report a link between body fat and puberty in girls. D)Girls who eat very little usually experience earlier puberty.

Q: Gemma eats very little. She is likely to experience puberty __________ the average girl. A)much earlier than B)slightly earlier than C)around the same time as D)later than

Q: Julianna is obese. She is likely to experience menarche __________ the average girl. A)earlier than B)around the same time as C)slightly later than D)much later than

Q: Spermarche occurs A)before the height spurt begins. B)after the peak strength spurt. C)around age 13½. D)after facial hair begins to grow.

Q: In boys, the voice change A)is the first outward sign of puberty. B)occurs before enlargement of the penis and testes. C)usually takes place at the peak of the growth spurt. D)is due to the contraction of the vocal cords.

Q: The first sign of puberty in boys is A)the appearance of pubic hair. B)the height spurt. C)the enlargement of the testes. D)deepening of the voice.

Q: Menarche takes place A)after the peak of the height spurt. B)approximately one year before the height spurt. C)before pubic hair appears. D)after breast growth is completed.