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Psychology
Q:
The microskills rest on a base of ____.
a. multicultural competence, wellness, and positive psychology
b. genetics, ethics, and strengths
c. listening competencies, ethics, and drive
d. ethics, multicultural competence, and wellness
Q:
In session, the microskills may have:
a. different effects on people from varying cultural backgrounds.
b. consistent and predictable effects on people from varying cultural backgrounds.
c. limitations due to lack of emphasis on multicultural issues.
d. predictable impact on White clients, but not on People of Color.
Q:
Microskills are:
a. comprehensive intervention skills.
b. communication skills units.
c. persuasive communication strategies.
d. hidden codes of communication.
Q:
The microskills hierarchy:
a. describes interview skills in order of importance.
b. demonstrates that alternative settings require different counseling skills.
c. forms the foundation of intentional interviewing.
d. demonstrates clearly that different clients have different needs.
Q:
Which of the following have immense faith in the ability of humans to overcome challenges and take charge of their lives?
a. Freud and Titchener
b. Rogers and Maslow
c. Skinner and Amsel
d. All of the above
Q:
Clients come to therapy feeling that they are:
a. stuck.
b. relaxed.
c. functioning well.
d. focusing on their strengths.
Q:
Male Client: (talking about job conflict) I just don't know what to do about my new boss. He is always blaming me even when I do a good job. He's new on the job; maybe he doesn't have much experience as a supervisor. But he's got me so jumpy and nervous I can't sleep at night. My family isn't doing well and I've been arguing with my wife. She doesn't understand what's going on. And the kids aren't doing well in school.
Which of the following actions is NOT useful or appropriate when beginning to counsel this client?
a. Reflect feelings.
b. Ask an open question.
c. Attempt to use a perfect empathic response.
d. Summarize the client statement and ask where the client would like to start.
Q:
The intentional counselor or therapist:
a. understands the importance of practice to achieve mastery.
b. is responsible for becoming competent in interviewing skills and strategies.
c. recognizes the importance of self-understanding in helping others.
d. all of the above
Q:
According to the authors, seeking the "perfect empathetic response:"
a. is a useful goal, but extremely difficult to attain.
b. is often attempted by counselors who seek "right" answers to solve client problems, even though "right answers" may not exist.
c. should be a goal for the most effective counselor.
d. demonstrates that you have achieved full intentionality.
Q:
The absolutely correct and "perfect empathic response" ________.
a. demonstrates skillful multicultural intentionality
b. likely does not exist
c. unlocks client inhibitions and frees the client for creative living
d. is demonstrated by only the most experienced helping professionals
Q:
If your first effort is not successful, ________.
a. ask the client if he or she heard your statement
b. change your approach to the client on the spot
c. repeat your last statement
d. all of the above
Q:
________ can generate alternatives in a given situation and approach a problem from different perspectives, using a variety of skills and personal qualities, adapting to suit different client needs.
a. Culturally intentional individuals
b. Cultural individuals
c. Individual psychotherapists
d. Every interviewer
Q:
The aim of intentional Interviewing and Counseling is to help you:
a. find the correct answer for helping a client dealing with interpersonal issues.
b. choose one theory of therapy to help all clients more effectively.
c. develop multiple possibilities for helping the client deal with the world.
d. none of the above.
Q:
Intentionality is:
a. deciding from among a range of alternative actions how to help different clients.
b. having a preferred action or thought to offer to all our clients.
c. using a preselected point of view to understand clients' problems.
d. applying similar skills to help client from different ethnic groups or cultures.
Q:
Intentional interviewing is concerned with:
a. finding the single best response for each client statement.
b. the counselor knowing one theory exceptionally well.
c. having many alternative responses available to any client statement.
d. being able to explain why you made that particular choice.
Q:
Which of the following is FALSE?
a. Counselors need to be competent in evidence based counseling skills.
b. Counselors need to know their theoretical systems of counseling.
c. Counselors need to use the scientific research to precisely determine what will be most useful way to help each one of their clients.
d. All of the above.
Q:
Which of the following is TRUE?
a. Counseling and psychotherapy have a scientific base, but applying that science is an art form.
b. Science provides a base, but you are the artist who makes it happen.
c. Like the artist, you bring a natural talent to share with others.
d. All of the above.
Q:
Why is counseling considered to be an art?
a. Counselors' experience in the world is key for helping.
b. Counselors tailor their knowledge and experience to the uniqueness of each client.
c. Counselors constantly choose from their knowledge-base ways to help clients grow.
d. All of the above.
Q:
According to Carlstedt's findings:
a. About 50% of the clients did not return after the first session.
b. 50% finished after four sessions.
c. 25% completed their work in 5 to 10 sessions.
d. Most clients completed therapy by the 35th session.
Q:
According to Sue and Sue (2013) about ____ of clients drop out after the first session.
a. 5%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
Q:
Which of the following is a more intense process that focuses on deep-seated personality or behavioral difficulties?
a. Interviewing
b. Counseling
c. Psychotherapy
d. Coaching
Q:
How can you distinguish psychotherapy from interviewing and counseling?
a. Psychotherapy is briefer than interviewing and counseling.
b. Psychotherapy works with less complex problems of daily living.
c. Psychotherapy is a more intense process dealing with deep-seated personality or behavioral disorders.
d. None of these.
Q:
____ is useful for obtaining information about a client.
a. Interviewing
b. Counseling
c. Psychotherapy
d. Psychiatry
Q:
____ is primarily focused on normal, developmental issues and concerns.
a. Interviewing
b. Counseling
c. Psychotherapy
d. Psychiatry
Q:
Which of the following affirmations is TRUE?
a. The terms interviewing, counseling, and psychotherapy are not interchangeable.
b. Solid interviewing skills are essential to become a successful counselor or therapist.
c. The overlap among interviewing, counseling, and psychotherapy is minimal.
d. All of the above
Q:
Interviewing is a critical skill for which of the following professions?
a. Counselors and psychologists
b. Psychotherapists
c. Detectives and reporters
d. All of these
Q:
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding interviewing, counseling, and psychotherapy?
a. These terms are often used interchangeably in this book.
b. There is considerable overlap among these activities.
c. Only psychotherapy involves real therapy.
d. Interviewing is usually short term.
Q:
Which of the following is a more personal process that emphasizes listening and understanding client's life challenges and developing strategies for change?
a. Interviewing
b. Psychology
c. Counseling
d. Psychotherapy
Q:
Which of the following focuses on gathering client data, suggesting ways to solve problems, or providing information?
a. Interviewing
b. Psychology
c. Counseling
d. Psychotherapy
Q:
Which of the following aspects are illustrated by Sienna's case?
a. The reality of helping
b. People often face complex issues with no clear ending
c. A relationship and empathic listening may help develop solutions
d. All of the above
Q:
An empathic person who watches a cared partner being shocked in an experiment will:
a. draw on memories from the hippocampus to deal with the strain.
b. draw on the amygdala to understand the other.
c. actually feel his or her partner's pain through just watching.
d. have some parallel pain centers activated in his or her brain.
Q:
A client who has been diagnosed as antisocial will reveal which of the following?
a. Left brain not very active when they see someone else experience pain
b. Left brain very active
c. Right brain not very active
d. Right brain very active
Q:
Microaggressions are:
a. small children fighting.
b. a seemingly small racial or sexist insult.
c. provide a way for more serious aggression to be prevented.
d. something we should ignore and teach people how to relax and let us go.
Q:
Too much multitasking can:
a. release damaging cortisol to the brain.
b. release damaging dopamine.
c. support the growth of more complex neural connections.
d. enable everyone to realize that they are indeed doing too much!
Q:
Making decisions can:
a. energize the entire brain.
b. tire the brain.
c. provide useful practice for developing even more neurons.
d. best be done with the holistic brain.
Q:
Complex emotions are primarily located in the:
a. prefrontal cortex.
b. limbic system.
c. right brain and amygdala.
d. hippocampus.
Q:
When a client is depressed, expect less brain activity in the:
a. frontal cortex.
b. limbic system.
c. right brain and amygdala.
d. hippocampus.
Q:
Which of the following is the primary area for storage of memories?
a. Amygdala
b. Hippocampus
c. Dopamine
d. Thalamus
Q:
Which of the following is basic to empathic understanding?
a. Right brain decision making
b. Left brain decision making
c. Frontal lobe neurons
d. Mirror neurons
Q:
Which of the following is the seat of negative emotion?
a. Amygdala
b. Hippocampus
c. Dopamine
d. Thalamus
Q:
Which of the following energizes the brain and readies it for new information?
a. Amygdala
b. Hippocampus
c. Dopamine
d. Thalamus
Q:
Blacks and Whites exhibit greater brain activation when they:
a. see exciting movies.
b. watch through a one-way mirror and see pain inflicted on another person.
c. see faces that look like their own.
d. see faces that look different from their own.
Q:
Which cultural group has been shown more holistic thinking?
a. European Americans
b. South Americans
c. Southern Europeans
d. Japanese
Q:
The above brain information is:
a. very valuable to the practicing counselor so that challenges to false ideas can be addressed.
b. an interesting research finding that currently has little practical use for daily practice.
c. such that it leads interviewers to challenge past research.
d. such that it leads to proof of past research.
Q:
Memories studied via brain scans reveal:
a. memories that are false can be identified clearly.
b. memories that are true can be identified clearly.
c. no distinction between false and true memories.
d. false memories activate different parts of the brain than true memories.
Q:
Practice in meditation:
a. has recently become important in person-centered counseling as a key strategy.
b. facilitates neural development.
c. facilitates emotional growth through taming the amygdala.
d. is a strategy that should only be used with a very few clients.
Q:
Executive attention is supported by left brain and the anterior cingulated cortex, which:
a. makes decisions regardless of emotions.
b. combines with the right brain to consider all issues.
c. allocates attentional resources.
d. allocates emotional resources.
Q:
Selection attention, a key concept introduced in the microskills framework, is:
a. less important in key theories of helping such as person-centered and brief counseling.
b. brought about by the thalamus, which operates like a spotlight, turning to shine on the stimulus.
c. brought about by the hippocampus and the energizing amygdala through selective memory.
d. the central concept of person-centered and brief counseling.
Q:
Attention is not just a psychological concept. It is also:
a. measurable through brain imaging.
b. measurable through careful observation of clients.
c. justified by the extensive research on microskills.
d. a foundation for person-center counseling.
Q:
Exercise is a recommended preventive treatment for:
a. Alzheimer's disease.
b. diabetes.
c. weight loss.
d. all of the above.
Q:
The microskills step-by-step teaching and learning paradigm is:
a. not supported by brain research.
b. is less effective than a holistic approach.
c. strongly supported by studies on sequential learning and practice effect.
d. would be more effective if it were more precise and sequential.
Q:
Changes in brain structure with clients learning new finger movements showed:
a. slow change if not structured in a sequential fashion.
b. rapid change because of sequential teaching.
c. clear changes in the hippocampus and the right brain.
d. executive prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor cortex, and primary motor cortex.
Q:
The brain can develop new connections and even new neurons over time. This process is named:
a. neurofeedback.
b. a statement that needs to be questioned.
c. neurotaxis
d. neuroplasticity
Q:
Lasting transformation of the brain:
a. is impossible for older individuals.
b. takes long-term counseling and therapy.
c. can occur over a very short time period.
d. requires careful use of microskills.
Q:
According to Ivey consciousness represents the psychological present/here and now. This is represented in which of the following lengths of time?
a. 10 to 75 milliseconds
b. 100 to 750 milliseconds
c. 1 to 3 seconds
d. None of the above
Q:
New neural connections can be developed in interviewing and counseling. This is an interactive process in which:
a. counselors impact the client's brain.
b. clients impact the counselor's development.
c. both counselors and client change in the interviewing process.
d. the hippocampus is influenced by the knowledge of the counselor.
Q:
How does neuroscience support the ideas of wellness, positive psychology, and the positive asset search?
Q:
Summarize in your own words the key aspects of neuroscience that might be important to you in your own practice of interviewing and counseling.
Q:
In the Appendix, Ivey argues that we need to understand neurotransmitters and supplies his thoughts on which theories impact which neurotransmitter. What are your thoughts on the importance of counseling and therapy thinking about neurotransmitters? Do you believe that effective therapy can indeed impact the brain at this microlevel?
Q:
Brain research is in opposition to the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral emphasis of interviewing and counseling.
Q:
Childhood neglect leads to increased damaging dopamine release.
Q:
Positive experiences in pregnancy help the unborn child.
Q:
Poverty in childhood provides the opportunity for an individual to prove his or her strength.
Q:
Poverty in childhood poisons the brain.
Q:
Recent research reveals that sad, mad, glad, and anger can be located in specific parts of the brain.
Q:
Ivey in the Appendix focuses on the idea that the brain is holistic.
Q:
Interviewing, counseling, and therapy can build new brain networks.
Q:
Ratey points out that we can train our brains for health, vibrancy, and long life.
Q:
There seems to be a part of the brain that identifies spiritual experience, according to Ratey.
Q:
Neuroscience research strongly supports a wellness and positive approach to counseling.
Q:
Positive thoughts, used effectively in counseling, can override negative feelings.
Q:
The right hemisphere is more associated with negative feelings.
Q:
The left hemisphere is more associated with positive feelings of joy.
Q:
Neuroplasticity research has shown that:
a. when volunteers are trained in movement sequences, sequential changes in the activity patterns of the brain occur as the movements become more automatic.
b. through selective attention, both the interviewer and client brains react and change, measurable through brain imaging.
c. in depression and deep sadness, brain scans reveal that the positive areas of the brain are less active and vice versa.
d. all of the above.
Q:
Stress management is like to be important in:
a. helping clients manage their daily lives.
b. working with posttraumatic stress.
c. working with people who face poverty and other issues of social injustice.
d. all of the above.
Q:
Cognitive work around thoughts is most likely to activate the:
a. frontal cortex.
b. hippocampus.
c. right brain.
d. thalamus.
Q:
The intensity of emotion is controlled by the:
a. amygdala.
b. hippocampus.
c. dopamine system.
d. thalamus.
Q:
Questions may activate memories stored in the:
a. amygdala.
b. hippocampus.
c. dopamine system.
d. thalamus.
Q:
In terms of the microskill of attending, Ivey suggests:
a. the reticular activating system and the thalamus are activated.
b. the limbic system is activated.
c. the frontal cortex is key.
d. the orbital frontal cortex is activated.
Q:
Ivey suggests which of the following may be the best therapy to release anandamide and work with drugs and alcohol?
a. Decisional counseling
b. Brief counseling
c. Cognitive behavioral counseling
d. Motivational interviewing