Q&A Hero

Q: Instructions: Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase, encourage, or reflection of feeling. P forparaphrase E forencourage R forreflection of feeling Client: I really wonder what's going to happen to me. I find myself aging faster than I anticipated. I simply can't do all that I'd like to do anymore. It makes me sick just to think of it. I'm confused and worried. ____ "Confused and worried?"

Q: "I see the situation differently each time I look at it. It's so sad and I feel so badly that I lost my friend in the accident and I worry that I didn't do more to help. At the same time, I treasure the memories and feel so glad to have shared the world, even in this short time. Providence sends us so many different things." The client is displaying a(n) ____. a. sensorimotor emotional orientation b. concrete emotional orientation c. abstract / formal operational orientation d. abstract dialectic / system orientation

Q: The client enters the room and immediately starts crying. After a short time, she says, "I'm totally upset. I can't sleep. I feel so anxious." She then starts crying again. She is displaying a(n) ____. a. sensorimotor emotional orientation b. concrete emotional orientation c. abstract / formal operational orientation d. abstract dialectic / system orientation

Q: With some clients, the brief acknowledgment of ____ may be more appropriate. a. encouragement b. paraphrase c. feeling d. summary

Q: Which of the following represents a potential limitation of reflection of feeling? a. Not all clients will appreciate your comments on their feelings. b. Empathic reflection can have a confrontational quality to some clients. c. Timing is particularly important with reflection of feeling. d. All of the above.

Q: Acknowledging feelings is: a. another term for reflection of feeling. b. not a recognized term associated with the microskills. c. brief recognition of feeling before moving on with the client story. d. reflection of feeling used mainly with adult clients.

Q: Which one of the following is an example of a suggestion to help clients focus more on positive emotions? a. Watch a comedy on TV or at the movies. b. Volunteer at their church or for their favorite charity. c. Going out with friend. d. All of the above.

Q: If a client is continually talking about negative emotions, which of the following is most true and helpful? a. Encourage them to continue as they wish. This will empower them to make their own decisions. b. Work to identify strengths and positives that the client has available, thus empowering them to face the negatives on a basis of strength. c. Ask them to identify positive feelings in their body. d. All of the above.

Q: When a client is depressed, you can expect less brain activity in the: a. prefrontal cortex. b. limbic system. c. right brain and amygdala. d. hippocampus.

Q: Choose the FALSE statement regarding positive and negative emotions. a. Positive emotions make everything OK for client's negative issues. b. Do not minimize difficult emotions by too quickly focusing on the positive. c. Identifying positive feelings helps balance the focus on negative emotion. d. A wellness assessment provides positive emotions to draw on when needed.

Q: Research suggests that positive emotions produce patterns of thought that are: a. flexible. b. creative. c. integrative. d. all of the above.

Q: Which of the following might be useful to help clients decrease emotional expression? a. "Let's stop for a moment and breathe deeply." b. "Would you say that again?" c. "Pay attention to the feelings in your body." d. All of the above

Q: Which of the following would be a possible way to help clients increase emotional expression? a. "What are you feeling right now at this moment?" b. "Pay attention to the feelings in your body." c. "Would you go back and say that again?" d. All of the above

Q: Which of the following may NOT help clients slow down and regain control of their emotions? a. Join clients where they are b. Pace clients appropriately c. Gestalt exercises d. All of the above

Q: Assuming you have sufficient trust, you might try ___________ to help a client increase emotional expression, you might try: a. commenting on their nonverbals b. asking them to repeat emotionally loaded words c. holding back for an interview or two and avoiding the issue d. both a and b

Q: ____________ clients may demonstrate a wrinkled nose and upper lip raised and pursed. a. Sad b. Mad c. Scared d. Disgusted

Q: ____________ clients may demonstrate a mouth curved down and upper eyelids droop. A raise of the inner brows. Their body may slump or the shoulders drop, while vocal tone may be soft and speech rate slow. a. Sad b. Mad c. Scared d. Disgusted

Q: ____________ clients may demonstrate an upright body position, frowning, and a louder or forced vocal tone; the mouth and jaws may be tense and lips tightened, fists clenched or the palms down. a. Sad b. Mad c. Scared d. Disgusted

Q: ____________ clients may demonstrate a general tension and increased breathing rate, averted eyes or raised eyebrows, furrowed brow, biting the lips, crossed arms, or anxious playing with fingers. a. Sad b. Mad c. Scared d. Disgusted

Q: The positive, happy emotions are located primarily in the: a. HPT. b. TAH. c. TAP. d. PAT.

Q: Sorting out mixed feelings is best done, according to the authors, by: a. using the exact words of the client. b. paraphrasing feelings clearly, encouraging, and then summarizing. c. noting ambivalent words such as "confusion" and discovering underlying deeper feelings through questioning and reflection of feeling. d. carefully bringing out additional specifics of the client's emotional world.

Q: When a client feels anger, the ________ energizes the limbic HPA axis, and hormones lead to a faster heartbeat, higher blood pressure, breathing changes, and muscular tension. a. TAP b. amygdala c. pituitary gland d. all of the above

Q: Which of the following is the emotional center of the brain? a. Right brain b. Limbic system c. Left brain d. Hippocampus

Q: Social emotions include: a. embarrassment. b. guilt. c. pride. d. all of the above.

Q: The following primary emotions, in terms of facial expression and language, have been validated throughout the world in all cultures. These primary emotions are ________. a. mad, annoyed, angry, contempt, surprised, and furious b. sad, mad, glad, surprised, contempt, and scared c. happy, joyous, excited, nervous, contempt, and surprised d. surprised, disgusted, caring, guilt, obstinate, and contempt

Q: Which of the following will NOT help you practice reflection of feeling? a. Combine reflection of feeling with paraphrasing. b. Become aware of and competent in each of the microskills c. Focus on integrating reflection of feeling with questioning, encouraging and paraphrasing. d. Use the skill as frequently as possible, and gradually integrate the microskills naturally into your personal style.

Q: Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the skill of reflecting feelings? a. It is probably one of the easiest skills for you to master. b. It is probably the skill we use the most in our daily communications. c. It is probably one of the skills that takes more time to get fully comfortable with. d. All of the above

Q: Client: Since my mother was diagnosed with cancer, I've been really worried and concerned. She just doesn't look as well as she did before; she needs a lot more rest. Which of the following interviewer responses is reflection of feeling? a. "Your mother has cancer and she needs more rest." b. "You seem really worried and concerned about your mother." c. "Your mother looks well, but she needs more rest." d. "Umm, tell me more."

Q: Your warmth may be described as the __________ that holds empathy and the possibility of positive change together. a. engine b. glue c. thought d. all of the above

Q: Which of the following is basic to empathic understanding? a. Warmth b. Appropriate smiling c. Showing that you respect and care for your client d. All of the above

Q: Feelings are so important in the counseling process that you should: a. reflect every feeling you observe as it comes along. b. only reflect those feelings that are directly apparent. c. avoid reflecting discrepant feelings. d. none of the above.

Q: Barry: (Jiggling his feet and shuffling restlessly) I can't get the scene from the World Trade Center bombing off my mind. It keeps coming up in my dreams again and again. I don't understand what's going on. Which is the most appropriate response? a. "You seem to be anxious right now. Could you tell me more about your story and what's happening for you?" b. "You seem to be anxious right now? Is that close?" c. "The lack of sleep is really frustrating you." d. "You wonder what is going on?"

Q: "I feel really terrible. My folks have divorced. They have moved apart and I don't know where to live." Which would be a reflection of feeling in response to this client? a. "You're really confused." b. "Really terrible?" c. "Sounds like you're really upset and are confused as to what to do next." d. "Looks like you have had a bad experience. I can see that it would be tough deciding what to do next."

Q: Accurately reflecting feeling results in: a. bringing out the richness of the client's emotional world. b. helping clients sort out complex feelings and thoughts. c. grounding the counselor and client in basic experience. d. all of the above.

Q: Josephine: I've been in this "home" for three years now. The staff doesn't care, my family never comes, and the food is awful. Which is the most appropriate reflection of her implicit feelings? a. "Josephine, you sound really angry. Is that close to what you are feeling?" b. "Josephine, you are frustrated and angry. Is that close to what you are feeling?" c. "Josephine, you sound really frustrated!" d. "Josephine, I hear that you are frustrated. Underneath that, you sound lonely . . . and angry? Is that close to what you are feeling?"

Q: Nonverbal indications of a client who is deeply emotional may most often include: a. rapid breathing, speech hesitations, and facial flushing. b. relaxed body posture concealing deeper feelings. c. focusing on a single topic to the exclusion of all others. d. all of the above.

Q: What should you do when the feelings of the client are not fully understandable and seem confused? a. Ignore the feeling until you understand fully what the client is saying. b. Paraphrase and summarize what you have heard. c. Reflect the feelings as you have heard them, but include a checkout for accuracy. d. All of the above.

Q: The most immediate and potentially powerful tense for a reflection of feeling is: a. past tense. b. present tense. c. future tense. d. all tenses have equal power.

Q: The check-out is important because: a. it provides the client room to clarify things that the interviewer may have missed. b. it tends to clarify what the client has been saying. c. if the counselor is wrong, the client can come back and restate the issue more clearly. d. all of the above.

Q: Which of the following correctly details the techniques of reflecting feelings? a. Sentence stem, feeling label, content summary, past tense, check-out b. Feeling label, brief context, sentence content, tense, check-out c. Sentence stem, feeling label, brief context, tense, check-out d. Feeling label, brief context, tense, check-out, closing

Q: Explain the concept of accumulative stress and discuss potential sources and impact.

Q: Discuss how you would use the listening skills in working with children and adolescents.

Q: The school or community agency within which you work has a large Puerto Rican community, many of whom still speak Spanish in the home. Assuming your main language is not Spanish, what are some things that you can do to work more effectively with this group? If you come from a Puerto Rican or Spanish background, what advice would you give to English-speaking interviewers?

Q: Define from your own perspective the importance of the active listening skills of this chapter. How would you contrast them with questioning techniques?

Q: Provide examples of encouragers, restatements, and paraphrases in response to the following client. Client: This past year I have been feeling more and more down. I am getting to the point that nothing seems to make sense. Nothing is going right. My car broke down, my boss is after me. I had an argument with my son because he wouldn't help me with the lawn. No matter what I do, it simply doesn't work.

Q: What are the main characteristics and values of an encourager, paraphrase, and summarization?

Q: The sight of a person showing intense disgust turns on the observer's brain areas associated with the feeling of disgust.

Q: An important part of informed consent, when working with children, is clearly stating that parents have the right to withdraw their permission at any point.

Q: Working with children uses only some of the microskills.

Q: All clients have a need to know they have been heard.

Q: Which paraphrase might be more helpful to this client? Counselor: "I am not sure how the problem should be seen. I get a picture of the kids fighting all the time at home. Looks like they simply can't get along, yet they are very bright." a. "It appears that the scene at home is constant fighting despite their ability." b. "Sounds as if the noise at home is something and it is constant despite their 'smarts'." c. "Does it seem like a bright picture or not?" d. "You feel confused and unsure of what to do."

Q: Instructions: Which of the following are most likely identified as encouragers, restatements, paraphrases, or summarizations? E for encourager R for restatement P for paraphrase S for summarization Client: "I have been having a tough time with my sons. George has been having difficulty in school and I have an appointment for the third time with a counselor. John is acting up in the junior high and has been sassing his mother frequently. Yet, their grades are OK. I wonder if they need more to do." Counselor responses follow. Classify the response. ____ "Both are having trouble in school, yet they are doing OK academically."

Q: Instructions: Which of the following are most likely identified as encouragers, restatements, paraphrases, or summarizations? E for encourager R for restatement P for paraphrase S for summarization Client: "I have been having a tough time with my sons. George has been having difficulty in school and I have an appointment for the third time with a counselor. John is acting up in the junior high and has been sassing his mother frequently. Yet, their grades are OK. I wonder if they need more to do." Counselor responses follow. Classify the response. ____ "A tough time with your sons?"

Q: Instructions: Which of the following are most likely identified as encouragers, restatements, paraphrases, or summarizations? E for encourager R for restatement P for paraphrase S for summarization Client: "I have been having a tough time with my sons. George has been having difficulty in school and I have an appointment for the third time with a counselor. John is acting up in the junior high and has been sassing his mother frequently. Yet, their grades are OK. I wonder if they need more to do." Counselor responses follow. Classify the response. ____ "Sounds as if you're having trouble with the kids, yet you note they are doing well and wonder if doing more things is the answer."

Q: Instructions: Which of the following are most likely identified as encouragers, restatements, paraphrases, or summarizations? E for encourager R for restatement P for paraphrase S for summarization Client: "I have been having a tough time with my sons. George has been having difficulty in school and I have an appointment for the third time with a counselor. John is acting up in the junior high and has been sassing his mother frequently. Yet, their grades are OK. I wonder if they need more to do." Counselor responses follow. Classify the response. ____ "More?"

Q: The authors point out that ____ is essential if you are to truly master and become competent in the interview. a. Practice! b. Practice, practice!! c. Practice, practice, practice!!! d. None of the above.

Q: Which of the following might be useful for the interviewer who wishes to work with bilingual clients, even though not particularly skilled in the language of the client? a. Learning a few key words in the client's language b. Suggesting that the client talk about especially important issues in his/her own language and then translating them for the interviewer c. Becoming competent and knowledgeable in key aspects of a culture d. All of the above

Q: Bilingual clients, according to Azara Santiago-Rivera, are ____. a. advantaged b. disadvantaged c. neither advantaged or disadvantaged d. in need of special help

Q: ____ is demonstrated when the interviewer responds to the client, "You really feel frustrated, almost crazy, over the situation." a. Encouraging b. Paraphrasing c. Summarizing d. Reflecting feeling

Q: All your clients like to be listened to accurately. If your client is culturally different from you, it may be more difficult for the client to trust you to hear him or her correctly. Which of the following would NOT be helpful to establish the necessary trust? a. Learning the political / power structure of the client's community. b. Accurately following the specified treatment plan designated for your client's observed ethnic group. c. Appropriate interviewer disclosure and an explanation of your methods. d. Enjoying yourself at cultural celebrations.

Q: Summarizing is primarily used to ____. a. begin or end an interview b. organize clearly in your mind the auditory, visual, and kinesthetic primary representational system c. define your agenda for the counseling session d. all of these

Q: Summarizing encompasses a longer period of conversation and is used to ____. a. define your agenda for the counseling session b. begin or end an interview c. organize the auditory, visual, and kinesthetic primary representational system d. close a session and prepare for the next visit

Q: When the interviewer opens a session, "Let's see, last time we discussed...," he/she is most likely ____. a. encouraging b. paraphrasing c. summarizing d. restating

Q: Client: There's this group of girls that make fun of me and call me names, and I feel sad. They keep making fun of my shoes, just 'cause I don't have name brand shoes. I try to ignore them, but still the feeling inside me just hurts. Counselor: You are having trouble at school. Some girls call you names, make fun of your shoes, and it feels hurtful inside. This response can be classified as _______. a. encouraging b. paraphrasing c. summarizing d. restating

Q: Client: There's this group of girls that make fun of me and call me names, and I feel sad. They keep making fun of my shoes, just 'cause I don't have name brand shoes. I try to ignore them, but still the feeling inside me just hurts. Counselor: Demaris, it sounds like it hurts when they make fun of your shoes. This response can be classified as _______. a. encouraging noting emotions b. paraphrasing noting emotions c. summarizing noting emotions d. restating noting emotions

Q: Which of the following is TRUE of an accurate paraphrase? a. Clients have an opportunity to correct inaccurate interviewer perceptions. b. Avoid parroting the client; capture the essence of client talk. c. Use key words used by the client. d. All of these choices are true of an accurate paraphrase.

Q: A check-out at the end of a paraphrase may take all EXCEPT which of the following forms? a. A head nod indicating agreement. b. A closed question ("Is that right?"). c. A raised vocal tone at the end that almost turns the paraphrase into a question. d. All of these.

Q: An accurate paraphrase usually consists of which of the following four dimensions? a. Key words, essence of the client's story, reflection of feeling, and a closing b. Sentence stem, key words, essence of what the client has said, and a check-out c. Key words, mirroring client body language, quoting the client, and a closing d. Sentence stem, mirroring client body language, reflection of feeling, and a check-out

Q: Which of the following lists the four dimensions of an accurate paraphrase? a. Sentence stem, key words, essence of what the client has said, and a check-out b. Key words, essence of the client's story, reflection of feeling, and a closing c. Key words, mirroring client body language, quoting the client, and a closing d. Sentence stem, reflection of feeling, a closing, and a check-out

Q: Client observation skills are important in paraphrasing because a. nonverbal patterns of behavior may change the meaning of the client's words. b. examples of movement synchrony may show when you hear the client accurately. c. repeating patterns of client language may be observed. d. all of these.

Q: All of the following are encouragers EXCEPT ____. a. head nods b. single-word repetitions c. well-phrased open questions d. open palm

Q: Silence, minimum verbal utterances, and head nods are effective ways of a. encouraging. b. paraphrasing. c. summarizing. d. reflecting feeling.

Q: Positive facial expressions, minimum verbal utterances, and head nods are effective demonstrations of ____. a. encouraging b. paraphrasing c. summarizing d. empathizing

Q: Discrimination and prejudice are examples of: a. a historical legacy of oppression. b. the result of institutional racism. c. a major cause of accumulative stress. d. all of the above.

Q: As an interviewer you may help alleviate the occurrence of accumulated stress or posttraumatic stress responses in clients by your careful listening and support. Which of the following is an example of accumulated stress? a. Being teased and excluded by classmates b. Experiencing discrimination and prejudice in the community c. Continuing harassment in the workplace d. All of the above

Q: Accumulative stress is: a. the result of a major stressor such as rape, cancer, or other traumatic event. b. best handled with minor medication. c. seldom an important issue. d. repeated and repeating "minor" insults and stressors received by a client.

Q: If anything, informed consent when working with children is ___________________. a. not an issue when you work in a well-organized school system b. perhaps even more important than with adults c. a concern to parents d. all of the above

Q: Which of the following openings would be useful to draw out a child's story? a. "Honey, could you tell me what happened?" b. "Tell me everything that occurred, Joey." c. "Nelson, where were you when the fight started?" d. None of the above.

Q: Which one of the following is a key interviewer behavior when working with children? a. Be prepared to help children focus on a single issue. b. Allow them to play with clay or draw to expend excess energy. c. Soften your tone when you must look down at their level. d. Ask broad open questions to allow them room for their creative responses.

Q: Counseling children requires ______________. a. more extensive use of questions than with adults b. using more concrete language c. avoiding the repetition of paraphrasing d. summarizing constantly what the child is saying