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Psychology
Q:
Cognitive Behavior Therapy is strong in the:
a. empathic relationship stage.
b. reflection of feelings step.
c. action and relapse prevention phase.
d. all of the above.
Q:
The theory and philosophy of the five-stage decisional style is similar to:
a. Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Therapy.
b. Alfred Adler's Individual Therapy.
c. Carl Rogers's Person Centered Therapy.
d. Aaron Beck's Cognitive Therapy.
Q:
In regards to taking notes during the session, which of the following is NOT true?
a. If you are relaxed about note taking, it will seldom become an issue.
b. When writing takes precedence over listening it should be avoided.
c. Detailed note taking is critical to maintaining a useful treatment plan.
d. If you are worried about taking notes, it will likely be a problem.
Q:
Without a follow-up plan, clients often:
a. feel anxious.
b. fail to do what was decided.
c. take responsibility of their actions.
d. become creative and resourceful.
Q:
According to Ivey, Ivey, and Zalaquett, if this stage of the well-formed interview is ignored, the chances for change may be reduced.
a. Empathic relationship
b. Story and strengths
c. Goals
d. Restory
e. Action
Q:
During the ____ stage of the interview clients will demonstrate change in behavior, thoughts, and feelings in daily life outside of the interview. If this stage is ignored, the chances for change may be reduced.
a. empathic relationship
b. story and strengths
c. goals
d. restory
e. action
Q:
"You've decided that you want to be more assertive with your friends. That's great, but now let us make a specific plan to take that idea home." This is most likely what stage of the interview?
a. Story and strengths ï€Gathering data
b. Goals ï€Mutual goal setting
c. Restory ï€Working
d. Action ï€Terminating
Q:
"Will you do it?" Identify the stage from the 5-stage decisional model where an interviewer would most likely use this question.
a. Stage 1: Empathic relationship ï€Initiating the session
b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths ï€Gathering data
c. Stage 3: Goals ï€Mutual goal setting
d. Stage 4: Restory ï€Working
e. Stage 5: Action ï€Terminating
Q:
"What has worked for you before?" Identify the stage from the five-stage counseling model where an interviewer would most likely use this question.
a. Stage 1: Empathic relationship ï€Initiating the session
b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths ï€Gathering data
c. Stage 3: Goals ï€Mutual goal setting
d. Stage 4: Restory ï€Working
e. Stage 5: Action ï€Terminating
Q:
In the five-stage counseling model, Stage 4, restory, does NOT include ____.
a. generate alternatives
b. confront client incongruities and conflict
c. identifying the interviewer role
d. help clients create new stories, thinking, and behavior
Q:
"Given all the things we've talked about so far, what would you like to have happen in class with Professor Doe?" This is most likely what stage of the interview?
a. Empathic relationship ï€Initiating the session
b. Story and strengths ï€Gathering data
c. Goals ï€Mutual goal setting
d. Restory ï€Working
Q:
"Robert, describe an ideal solution." Identify the stage from the five-stage counseling model where an interviewer would most likely use this statement.
a. Stage 1: Empathic relationship ï€Initiating the session
b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths ï€Gathering data
c. Stage 3: Goals ï€Mutual goal setting
d. Stage 4: Restory ï€Working
e. Stage 5: Action ï€Terminating
Q:
During the ____ stage of the interview a more ideal story ending might be defined.
a. empathic relationship
b. story and strengths
c. goals
d. restory
e. action
Q:
During the ____ stage of the interview clients might seek to learn how to live more effectively with situations or events that cannot be changed at this point (e.g., rape, death, an accident, an illness).
a. empathic relationship
b. story and strengths
c. goals
d. restory
e. action
Q:
During the ____ stage of the interview clients will discuss directions that he or she might want to go, new ways of thinking, desired feeling states, and behaviors that might be changed.
a. empathic relationship
b. story and strengths
c. goals
d. restory
e. action
Q:
"So far we've heard that you really aren't comfortable in class and that you have difficulty in speaking up. Could we shift emphasis for awhile and would you tell me about one of your success stories in the Cambodian community?" This is most likely what stage of the interview?
a. Empathic relationship ï€Initiating the session
b. Story and strengths ï€Gathering data
c. Goals ï€Mutual goal setting
d. Restory ï€Working
Q:
"Patricia, what is your concern?" Identify the stage from the five-stage dimensions of the interview where an interviewer would most likely use this statement.
a. Stage 1: Empathic relationship ï€Initiate the Session
b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths ï€Gather Data
c. Stage 3: Goals ï€Mutual goal setting
d. Stage 4: Restory ï€Working
e. Stage 5: Action ï€Terminating
Q:
"Robert, I'd like to know some things that have gone well for you at work." Identify the stage from the five-stage dimensions of the interview where an interviewer would most likely use this statement.
a. Stage 1: Empathic relationship ï€Initiate the Session
b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths ï€Gather Data
c. Stage 3: Goals ï€Mutual goal setting
d. Stage 4: Restory ï€Working
e. Stage 5: Action ï€Terminating
Q:
In the five-stage interview model, Stage 2, story and strengths, does NOT include ____.
a. defining the problem
b. identifying the interviewer role
c. drawing out stories, concerns and issues
d. identifying client strengths
Q:
"Hello Carl, could you tell me how I might be of help?" Identify the stage from the five-stage counseling model where an interviewer would most likely use this question.
a. Stage 1: Empathic relationship ï€Initiating the session
b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths ï€Gathering data
c. Stage 3: Goals ï€Mutual goal setting
d. Stage 4: Restory ï€Working
e. Stage 5: Action ï€Terminating
Q:
During the ____ stage of the interview clients may feel at ease and know what to expect.
a. Empathic relationship
b. Story and strengths
c. Goals
d. Restory
e. Action
Q:
Define the problem, define goals, and generate alternative solutions and select an approach comprise the classic three-step decisional or problem-solving model credited to Benjamin Franklin. What two steps were added to create the current five-stage interview model?
a. Empathic relationship, closing
b. Structuring the session, developing a checklist
c. Empathic relationship, action
d. Goals, story and strengths
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in Benjamin Franklin's problem-solving model?
a. Establish a relationship
b. Identify the problem
c. Generate alternatives
d. Decide what action to take
Q:
Which of the following statements is TRUE of the microskills?
a. The microskills offer interviewers some predictability during a client session.
b. The interviewer can always depend on the expected consequences detailed in the overview.
c. The microskills must be used in the specific order as described to increase effectiveness.
d. All of these.
Q:
Which one of the following statements regarding the Microskills Hierarchy is NOT true?
a. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills hierarchy represent a systematic breakdown of the key skills required for intentional interviewing.
b. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills hierarchy provide fairly consistent predictions of client responses to accurate interviewer execution of a specific skill.
c. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills hierarchy provide flexibility for the interviewer when the unexpected occurs.
d. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills hierarchy, with experience, become automatic and allow you to always predict client responses to accurate interviewer use of the skills.
Q:
"Virtually all consoling theories can be viewed as aiming at the ____."
a. solving of a problem
b. organizing of a plan
c. expression of underlying emotions
d. movement toward implicit goals
Q:
________ was the first person to demystify the counseling process.
a. Freud
b. Rogers
c. Skinner
d. Ivey
Q:
The basic listening sequence consists of which skills?
a. attending behavior, listening skills, and self-disclosure
b. questions, encouragers, paraphrases, reflection of feeling, and summarizations
c. verbal underlining, attending behavior, and influencing skills
d. open questions, closed questions, attending behavior, check-out
Q:
The basic listening sequence can help ensure that ____.
a. the client is encouraged to bring out the facts, feelings, and thoughts around their issues
b. clients tell their stories more fully
c. interviewers reduce their talk time
d. all of these
Q:
The basic listening sequence can operate in which of the following settings?
a. Management
b. Sales
c. Medicine
d. All of these
Q:
The basic listening sequence can be used ____.
a. widely in many fields of endeavor
b. only in interviewing, counseling, and psychotherapy
c. to help counselors become more effective
d. to help clients become more effective
Q:
Which of the following is NOT an emotional word?
a. Angry
b. Excited
c. Joy
d. Considerate
Q:
The effective salesperson:
a. wisely ignores the feelings of her or his clients.
b. carefully observes the emotions so he or she can optimize sales.
c. will note the feelings of clients and may regularly reflect them back.
d. none of the above.
Q:
In order to reflect feeling, the interviewer must first identify the presenting emotion. Which of the following is NOT a method to identify feelings?
a. Match one of the primary emotions to client behavior.
b. With a closed question, ask the client to supply the missing feeling word.
c. Ask an open question: "How do you feel about that?"
d. Name the feeling expressed implicitly by client behaviors.
Q:
The first task in eliciting and reflecting feelings is to _________ key emotional words expressed by the client.
a. recognize
b. paraphrase
c. reflect
d. confront
Q:
If a ____________ is inaccurate, it provides the client with an opportunity to correct the counselor. If a questioning tone of voice is used, the client may elaborate further.
a. paraphrase
b. reflection of feeling
c. summary
d. all of the above
Q:
When the counselor intentionally uses a(n)_________________, he or she can expect the client will feel heard. They will tend to go on further and not repeat the same story again.
a. encourager/restatement
b. paraphrase
c. reflection of feeling
d. confrontation
Q:
When the interviewer reflects feeling, he or she can expect the client will ________.
a. experience their emotional state more fully
b. talk in more depth about their feelings
c. correct the interviewer's reflection with a more accurate descriptor
d. all of the above
Q:
There is a distinctive difference between paraphrasing and reflection of feeling. Paraphrase focuses on ________ and reflection of feeling is concerned with ________.
a. content; emotion
b. emotion; content
c. content; observations
d. observations; emotion
Q:
Which of the following is a common quality of both paraphrasing and reflection of feeling?
a. They are both included in feedback to the client.
b. They may be found together in the same statement.
c. They are both used in interviews.
d. All of the above.
Q:
We can thank _____________ for the term "reflection of feeling."
a. Miller
b. Rogers
c. Ellis
d. Beck
Q:
Paraphrasing is concerned with feeding back the key points of what a client has said. Reflection of feeling, in contrast, involves:
a. observing emotions.
b. naming emotions.
c. repeating emotions back to the client.
d. helping clients become more effective.
Q:
Imagine you are talking with a client who has lost a grandparent. Provide examples of sensorimotor, concrete, formal, and dialectic/systemic expressions of emotion.
Q:
Discuss how the skill of acknowledgment of feeling may be useful in settings outside of counseling and interviewing.
Q:
How might you encourage a client who resists emotion to express feelings more fully?
Q:
You are working with a client who gets over-involved and too deep in emotion. There is a clear need to tone down emotional expression. How would you go about this?
Q:
Discuss the importance of positive emotions in counseling and therapy. Describe different strategies for positive reflection.
Q:
Describe potential risks or drawbacks of reflecting feelings. Discuss how and when reflection of feelings may be used unwisely.
Q:
Write three responses (present tense, past tense, and future tense) to each of the following client statements. Indicate whether your response is an open or closed question, a paraphrase, an encourager, or a reflection of feeling.a. "I've lived alone all my life. My parents died when I was young and it has been tough. But I've survived and I'm proud of what I have done."b. "Well, one thing for sure. My stepfather was really hard on me. I can't say I really like him, but I do respect him a great deal."c. "But then, my mother-in-law right now really bugs me. She reminds me of my stepmother - always harsh and brassy. Not sensitive at all."
Q:
Write reflections of feeling, paraphrases, and encouragers to the following client statements.
a. "I don't like this test. It is too long and difficult. It makes me angry when the instructor provides open-ended statements and expects me to provide the correct answer."
b. "I'm so pleased with myself. I did well on the examination in spite of the unfairness of the instructor. He's a nice person, but it was I who straightened the situation out. But on the other hand, he did sit and listen to me when I complained. A funny person he is."
c. "How do you expect me to handle role-playing a skill I don't even understand? I've read the book three times and still it isn't clear. I've tried, but I am just so confused in this course."
Q:
While learning to identify and reflect client feelings it is critical for prospective counselors and interviewers to focus only on their client's personal history and ability to deal with emotions.
Q:
If your client can begin from a positive base of emotion, they may be better able to cope with negative issues.
Q:
Feelings guide our cognitive decisions.
Q:
Microexpressions are fleeting expressions of concealed emotion.
Q:
Feelings are physical and mental.
Q:
Social emotions are built on primary emotions and are learned in family and cultural context.
Q:
Reflecting feelings is central to every helping professional.
Q:
Change that happens without warmth and empathy is more effective and lasts a longer time.
Q:
Counselors and therapists can observe and identify unspoken feelings expressed through client nonverbal behavior.
Q:
Reflections of feeling in the past tense tend to be more useful for reflecting feeling.
Q:
The critical distinction between paraphrasing and reflection of feelings is the emphasis on content and emotion.
Q:
Instructions: Which of the following client emotional presentations are sensorimotor, concrete, formal operational, or dialectic / systemic?
SM forsensorimotor
C forconcrete
F forformal operational
DS fordialectic / systemic
____ "As I think about it, my religion has always been and always will be a real comfort to me."
Q:
Instructions: Which of the following client emotional presentations are sensorimotor, concrete, formal operational, or dialectic / systemic?
SM forsensorimotor
C forconcrete
F forformal operational
DS fordialectic / systemic
____ "Last night, we had a family ritual. The first thing we did was to sit down and pray together. I got a real feeling of comfort just in being there."
Q:
Instructions: Which of the following client emotional presentations are sensorimotor, concrete, formal operational, or dialectic / systemic?
SM forsensorimotor
C forconcrete
F forformal operational
DS fordialectic / systemic
____ "The spirit is in me and I experience it right now as a warm, protective feeling near my heart."
Q:
Instructions: Which of the following client emotional presentations are sensorimotor, concrete, formal operational, or dialectic / systemic?
SM forsensorimotor
C forconcrete
F forformal operational
DS fordialectic / systemic
____ "Spirituality is vital in my culture. I have gained so much from my family's observing all the Holy laws and rituals. I gain great comfort from my surroundings."
Q:
Instructions: Which of the following client emotional presentations are sensorimotor, concrete, formal operational, or dialectic / systemic?
SM forsensorimotor
C forconcrete
F forformal operational
DS fordialectic / systemic
____ "This school really makes it hard for gays and lesbians to be themselves. It upsets me and makes me angry, but I also know that I've got to deal with the system as it is if I am ever going to help it change. Those who fear me are perhaps the ones who need the most help."
Q:
Instructions: Which of the following client emotional presentations are sensorimotor, concrete, formal operational, or dialectic / systemic?
SM forsensorimotor
C forconcrete
F forformal operational
DS fordialectic / systemic
____ "I was walking down the hall in the high school and this group came up to me and called me a filthy name (insert in your own mind, what might be said). I just came out as gay. I feel really angry about it. Well, as I think about it, it is good that I can get angry. In the past, I used to hide who I was. Perhaps I can feel a little better about myself as I allowed myself to get angry."
Q:
Instructions: Which of the following client emotional presentations are sensorimotor, concrete, formal operational, or dialectic / systemic?
SM forsensorimotor
C forconcrete
F forformal operational
DS fordialectic / systemic
____ Angry eyes, blazing with fire, "DAMN!!"
Q:
Instructions: Which of the following client emotional presentations are sensorimotor, concrete, formal operational, or dialectic / systemic?
SM forsensorimotor
C forconcrete
F forformal operational
DS fordialectic / systemic
____ "Perhaps my sadness is representative of my family and cultural background. We gave so much attention to getting along that I have real trouble in dealing with conflict. None of us ever argued."
Q:
Instructions: Which of the following client emotional presentations are sensorimotor, concrete, formal operational, or dialectic / systemic?
SM forsensorimotor
C forconcrete
F forformal operational
DS fordialectic / systemic
____ "As I reflect on it, I think I am sad in many such situations. Loss and difficulties between people really trouble me."
Q:
Instructions: Which of the following client emotional presentations are sensorimotor, concrete, formal operational, or dialectic / systemic?
SM forsensorimotor
C forconcrete
F forformal operational
DS fordialectic / systemic
____ "I feel sad because my friend and I had a serious argument."
Q:
Instructions: Which of the following client emotional presentations are sensorimotor, concrete, formal operational, or dialectic / systemic?
SM forsensorimotor
C forconcrete
F forformal operational
DS fordialectic / systemic
____ Silent crying
Q:
Instructions: Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase, encourage, or reflection of feeling.
P forparaphrase
E forencourage
R forreflection of feeling
Client: If it were just my arthritis, I think I could deal with it, but I didn't expect to have muscle spasms and leg cramps so bad I can't walk as well. I feel totally useless.
____ "I hear you saying you are very discouraged and hurting right now. Am I hearing you correctly?"
Q:
Instructions: Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase, encourage, or reflection of feeling.
P forparaphrase
E forencourage
R forreflection of feeling
Client: If it were just my arthritis, I think I could deal with it, but I didn't expect to have muscle spasms and leg cramps so bad I can't walk as well. I feel totally useless.
____ "You can't walk?"
Q:
Instructions: Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase, encourage, or reflection of feeling.
P forparaphrase
E forencourage
R forreflection of feeling
Client: If it were just my arthritis, I think I could deal with it, but I didn't expect to have muscle spasms and leg cramps so bad I can't walk as well. I feel totally useless.
____ "Having more than one physical issue complicates things a good deal."
Q:
Instructions: Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase, encourage, or reflection of feeling.
P forparaphrase
E forencourage
R forreflection of feeling
Client: Yes, somehow it just doesn't seem fair. I've taken care of myself, worked hard and my spouse just says I'm angry and bitter. It hurts.
____ "It hurts."
Q:
Instructions: Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase, encourage, or reflection of feeling.
P forparaphrase
E forencourage
R forreflection of feeling
Client: Yes, somehow it just doesn't seem fair. I've taken care of myself, worked hard and my spouse just says I'm angry and bitter. It hurts.
____ "The situation isn't fair after you've worked so hard to do right."
Q:
Instructions: Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase, encourage, or reflection of feeling.
P forparaphrase
E forencourage
R forreflection of feeling
Client: Yes, somehow it just doesn't seem fair. I've taken care of myself, worked hard and my spouse just says I'm angry and bitter. It hurts.
____ "You feel hurt that your spouse says that."
Q:
Instructions: Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase, encourage, or reflection of feeling.
P forparaphrase
E forencourage
R forreflection of feeling
Client: I really wonder what's going to happen to me. I find myself aging faster than I anticipated. I simply can't do all that I'd like to do anymore. It makes me sick just to think of it. I'm confused and worried.
____ "You're confused and worried over the changes that come with age."
Q:
Instructions: Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase, encourage, or reflection of feeling.
P forparaphrase
E forencourage
R forreflection of feeling
Client: I really wonder what's going to happen to me. I find myself aging faster than I anticipated. I simply can't do all that I'd like to do anymore. It makes me sick just to think of it. I'm confused and worried.
____ "You are wondering how to cope with the changes that age is bringing to you."