Q&A Hero

Q: People buy products for ________. A) what they do B) what they mean C) the role the product plays in the consumer's life D) all of the above

Q: A ________ creates a state of tension that drives the consumer to attempt to reduce or eliminate it. A) want B) demand C) need D) response

Q: The mass market produces and consumes music, movies, sports, and other forms of entertainment known as ________. A) user-generated content B) culture C) urban dictionary D) popular culture

Q: The sociological perspective of ________ takes the view that much of consumer behavior resembles actions in a play. A) role theory B) pastiche C) interpretivism D) psychographics

Q: Lucy Chang recently purchased a lovely ceramic bowl that featured a red dragon design. When she thought about her purchase, she found that she really had no justification for buying the bowl other than it reminded her of the bowls her mother used during evening meals when she was a young child in Hong Kong. Which of the following types of relationships with a product best explains the reason for Lucy's purchase of the dragon bowl? A) self-concept attachment B) nostalgic attachment C) interdependence D) cohort attachment

Q: Which form of relationship between product and customer is most at risk of the customer switching to a different brand of product? A) self-concept attachment B) nostalgic attachment C) interdependence D) love

Q: Brands like Colgate that are a part of a user's every day existence likely relate to customers with a(n) ________ type of relationship. A) self-concept attachment B) nostalgic attachment C) interdependence D) love

Q: Die-hard Apple fans post videos on YouTube claiming their affection for Apple products. They could be said to have a(n) ________ type of relationship with the product. A) self-concept attachment B) nostalgic attachment C) interdependence D) love

Q: Tracy buys Eight O'Clock coffee because it reminds her of her grandmother, who always purchased this brand. Tracy has a(n) ________ type of relationship with the product. A) self-concept attachment B) nostalgic attachment C) interdependence D) love

Q: When a product elicits emotional bonds of warmth and affection, the user is said to have a(n) ________ type of relationship with the product. A) self-concept attachment B) nostalgic attachment C) interdependence D) love

Q: When a product is part of a user's daily routine, the user is said to have a(n) ________ type of relationship with the product. A) self-concept attachment B) nostalgic attachment C) interdependence D) love

Q: When a product serves as a link to the user's past or past self, the user is said to have a(n) ________ type of relationship with the product. A) self-concept attachment B) nostalgic attachment C) interdependence D) love

Q: When a product helps to establish the user's identity, the user is said to have a(n) ________ type of relationship with the product. A) self-concept attachment B) nostalgic attachment C) interdependence D) love

Q: Big data is generated from ________. A) smartphone GPS signals B) credit card transactions C) social media posts D) all of the above

Q: The term "big data" refers to the ________. A) importance of database marketing B) use of mainframe computers to model marketing problems C) collection and analysis of extremely large datasets D) implementation of new data mining technologies

Q: The way consumers feel about themselves, the things they value, and the things they like to do in their spare time are part of how marketers segment using ________. A) gender B) age C) social class D) lifestyle

Q: Wal-Mart tracks the habits of the 100 million customers who visit its stores each week and responds with products and services directed toward those customers' needs based on the information collected. This is an example of ________ marketing. A) undifferentiated B) database C) relationship D) consumer-generated

Q: Which of the following marketing philosophies emphasizes interacting with customers on a regular basis and giving them reasons to maintain a bond with a company's brands over time? A) differentiated marketing B) global marketing C) social marketing D) relationship marketing

Q: People who belong to the same social class are most likely to have which of the following in common? A) income level B) personality C) ethnicity D) family structure

Q: Which of the following best explains how a minority of a product's users make up a majority of sales of that product? A) culture of participation theory B) the 80/20 rule C) positivism D) role theory

Q: Why is age a common demographic category used in understanding consumer behavior? A) Different age groups have different needs and wants. B) Age is easier to categorize than gender. C) Generational groups tend to be similar. D) all of the above

Q: A marketer uses ________ to target a brand only to specific groups of consumers who are most likely to be heavy users of the marketer's brand. A) asynchronous interactions B) market segmentation strategies C) the 80/20 strategy D) economies of information

Q: A consumer experience that integrates multiple media channels, ranging from television, email, and digital, to engage a community of players who collaborate to solve a puzzle is called a(n) ________. A) social game B) casual game C) transmedia story D) alternate reality game

Q: A consumer researcher who examines consumers' lifestyles and personalities is studying ________. A) demographics B) psychographics C) social class D) usage rates

Q: A soft drink company decided to produce a cola drink with more caffeine than usual in hopes of preventing current teen and early-twenties customers from shifting to coffee and tea drinks after graduating from college. The company test-marketed this new product at a Midwestern university. The company has segmented the market based on ________. A) psychographics B) lifestyle C) demographics D) usage rates

Q: A marketer who segments a population by age and gender is using ________ to categorize consumers. A) demographics B) psychographics C) roles D) lifestyle

Q: According to the basic marketing concept, a firm exists to ________. A) influence popular culture B) dominate market share C) nurture relationships D) satisfy needs

Q: Which of the following is NOT a stage in the consumption process? A) desire B) pre-purchase C) purchase D) post-purchase

Q: Which of the following time periods is encompassed in the study of consumer behavior? A) pre-purchase B) purchase C) post-purchase D) all of the above

Q: Which of the terms below is used to describe the bond between product and consumer that is difficult for competitors to break? A) brand loyalty B) custom C) patronage D) relationship

Q: Which of the following is the study of the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use, or dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs and desires? A) lifestyle marketing B) role theory C) consumer behavior D) marketing research

Q: Jenny Rowlins is absolutely exhausted after her shopping trip to pick out a dress for her sorority's formal event. The stores were crowded, and none of her favorite shops carried a dress that she liked in her size. After spending hours at the mall, Jenny gave up and decided to order her dress online and just return it if it wasn't exactly right. This story is an example of how consumer behavior is a(n) ________. A) industry B) process C) art form D) theory

Q: A(n) ________ is a person who identifies a need or desire, makes a purchase, and then disposes of a product. A) marketer B) consumer C) influencer D) content generator

Q: Who stated that, "All past beliefs about nature have sooner or later turned out to be false. On the record, therefore, the probability that any currently proposed belief will fare better must be close to zero?" A. Thomas Kuhn B. Peter Medawar C. Karl Popper D. Roger Sperry

Q: According to Popper, psychology's persistent questions would be persistent even if they were scientific questions because: A. scientific questions are ultimately philosophical questions B. they would still violate the principle of falsifiability because of their subjective nature C. understanding the human mind has extraordinary methodological limitations D. scientific solutions can only attain the status of "not yet disconfirmed"

Q: According to the text, psychology's persistent questions are persistent because: A. human behavior is complex B. they are formulated with the scientific method C. they are philosophical questions D. one's thirst for knowledge can never be fulfilled

Q: According to ____, psychology's persistent questions are most appropriately addressed philosophically rather than scientifically. A. Wittgenstein and Popper B. Wittgenstein and Medawar C. Russell and Popper D. Russell and Medawar

Q: Which of the following has been described as "radical relativism"? A. modernism B. enlightenment philosophy C. postmodernism D. premodernism

Q: Which statement would Gilbert Ryle most likely agree with regarding the mind-body problem? A. The answer lies within the structure of the brain. B. You should not look at the brain to find the mind. C. Investigate the brain alongside human behavior to find the mind. D. Human action will guide you to the mind.

Q: Gilbert Ryle is famous for his distinction between ____ as it applies to human reasoning. A. empirical observations and rational thought B. action and impulse C. pondering the future and pondering the past D. knowing how and knowing that

Q: Which of the following is considered a reaction to the Enlightenment belief in abstract universal principles? A. Noam Chomsky's cognitive revolution B. Hebb's rule C. James's radical empiricism and pragmaticism D. May's human dilemma

Q: The ideas of the Enlightenment: A. brought an emphasis on experience and reason in the quest for knowledge B. align with the ideas of premodernism C. were supported by romanticism and existentialism D. were supported by philosophers such as Hume and Kant

Q: The term "modernism" has come to be used synonymously with the term: A. perspectivism B. enlightenment C. postmodernism D. romanticism

Q: Premodernism refers to the belief that all things, including human behavior, can be explained by employing: A. the scientific method B. introspection C. religious dogma D. skepticism

Q: Wittgenstein replaced the traditional concept of essence or universal with that of: A. language games B. human categorization C. family resemblance D. scientific revolution

Q: According to Wittgenstein, disputes among philosophers and psychologists typically occur when: A. terms and concepts are not operationally defined B. there are debates over linguistic practices C. the tenets of science are violated D. the profit motive is involved

Q: For Wittgenstein, language: A. reflects reality B. creates reality C. creates communities D. divides communities

Q: Who developed the concept of "language games"? A. Kierkegaard B. Nietzsche C. Wittgenstein D. Hume

Q: The ____ is most comfortable with the scientific search for the laws governing all human behavior. A. modernist B. postmodernist C. skeptic D. existentialist

Q: The ____ believes that "truth" is always determined by cultural, group, or personal perspectives. A. modernist B. neo-behaviorist C. postmodernist D. rationalist

Q: Koch believes that it is more realistic to refer to the discipline of psychology as ____ rather than as ____. A. the science of psychology; psychological studies B. psychological studies; the science of psychology C. empirical; rational D. rational; empirical

Q: According to Sternberg and Grigorenko, what creates unproductive diversity within psychology? A. The tension between those who hold Ph.D.s and those who hold Psy.D.s B. The tendency of psychologists to identify with a specific perspective or methodology C. The tension between academic and clinical psychologists D. The tension between the APA and the APS

Q: Which psychologist would posit that psychology is a science with a core content and widely accepted processes and principles? A. James B. Koch C. Staats D. Matarazzo

Q: Many psychologists see psychology's diversity as: A. necessary, given the complexity of humans B. a sign that psychology has fully employed the scientific method C. expected because the field is still in the paradigmatic stage D. a troubling sign of further tension amongst the divisions

Q: Who, of the following, most opposed applied psychology? A. Wundt and Witmer B. Cattell and Witmer C. Wundt and Titchener D. Cattell and Titchener

Q: During the 1920s and 1930s when several schools of thought existed in psychology, there was: A. active cooperation among the schools B. a lack of research activity C. open hostility among members of the various schools D. an environment of tolerance but not cooperation

Q: James argued that philosophers could be divided into two general groups: ____ and ____. A. rationalists; pragmatists B. focused; eclectic C. humanists; behaviorists D. tender-minded; tough-minded

Q: Kimble's data found that: A. undergraduate psychology students showed a slight inclination toward accepting humanistic values B. officers of the divisions of the American Psychological Association showed a strong inclination toward accepting scientific values C. humanistic psychologists showed a strong inclination toward accepting scientific values D. psychotherapists showed a strong inclination toward accepting scientific values

Q: Kimble (1984) administered a scale that measures where psychologists fall on the ____ continuum. A. eclectic-focused B. scientific-humanistic C. premodernism-postmodernism D. empirical-rational

Q: The two cultures described by C. P. Snow consisted of: A. tender-minded and tough-minded philosophers B. literary intellectuals and scientists C. scientifically oriented and humanistically oriented psychologists D. medically minded and scientifically minded scholars

Q: James believed that the single most informative thing you could know about a person was his or her: A. early experience B. worldview C. genetic makeup D. cultural environment

Q: In 1988, a group of scientific psychologists protested the prevailing interests of the American Psychological Association (APA) by creating the: A. Psychonomic Society B. American Psychological Society (APS) C. California School of Professional Psychology (CSPP) D. Institute of Academic Psychologists

Q: Estimates show that about ____ of the membership of the American Psychological Association (APA) identify themselves as health care providers. A. 10% B. 25% C. 50% D. 70%

Q: The Psy.D. degree: A. provides professional training for clinical psychologists B. provides training in research and methodology C. is similar to a Master of Science degree D. equates more with the degree of Ph.D. than with M.D.

Q: Those supporting the Doctor of Psychology degree (Psy.D.) argue in favor of: A. the scientist-practitioner tradition B. Witmer's vision of clinical psychology C. a clinical degree modeled after the Doctor of Medicine degree (M.D.) D. the Boulder model of training clinical psychologists

Q: The first school independent of any college or university to offer the Doctor of Psychology degree (Psy.D.) was the: A. Crane Institute B. Vail Institute C. California School of Professional Psychology (CSPP) D. Boulder Psychological Institute

Q: The first Doctor of Psychology degree (Psy.D.) was offered by the: A. California School of Professional Psychology (CSPP) B. University of Illinois C. American Psychological Association (APA) D. Vail Institute

Q: When psychologists began performing psychotherapy following World War II, they came into competition with: A. psychiatrists B. religious leaders C. applied psychologists D. social workers

Q: After World War II, the dominant type of psychotherapy was: A. psychoanalysis B. client-centered therapy C. humanistic therapy D. cognitive-behavioral therapy

Q: In 1946, the APA published a new journal as the voice of a new, unified psychology.What was this journal? A. American Psychologist B. Journal of Clinical Psychology C. Journal of Applied Psychology D. Journal of American Psychology

Q: In 1925, why did the APA create the category of associate member for psychologists who held a doctorate but had no scientific publications beyond their dissertation? A. The APA wanted to create a separate but equal category for applied psychologists. B. The APA had a strong interest in the scientific pursuit of psychological inquiry. C. The APA valued the degree of Psy.D over Ph.D. D. The APA wanted to integrate the fields of applied and experimental psychology.

Q: In 1937, members of the clinical division of the APA paired with the ACP (Association of Consulting Psychologists) to create the ____. A. American Psychological Society B. American Association of Clinical Psychologists C. American Association of Applied Psychology D. Psychonomic Society

Q: Clinicians began to create their own professional organizations when they did not receive recognition and status within the APA. What was the first organization of this type? A. American Psychological Society B. American Association of Clinical Psychologists C. American Association of Applied Psychology D. Psychonomic Society

Q: What was one effect of World War I on the field of psychology? A. Many people became disheartened with the study of human behavior. B. An interest in the philosophical questions regarding human nature was renewed. C. Psychotherapy became widely available on the battlefield. D. Psychometric tests were used for the evaluation of soldiers.

Q: During Witmer's time, what were the prevailing attitudes toward applied psychology? A. First came rigorous, scientific training; second came the attempt to apply scientific knowledge to practical problems. B. First came the attempt to apply scientific knowledge to practical problems; second came rigorous, scientific training. C. First came a deep philosophical inquiry into psychology; second came the attempt to apply scientific knowledge to practical problems. D. First came the attempt to apply scientific knowledge to practical problems; second came a deep philosophical inquiry into psychology.

Q: Who, in 1917, founded the Journal of Applied Psychology? A. William James B. G. Stanley Hall C. Lightner Witmer D. Robert Yerkes

Q: The original members of the American Psychological Association (APA) believed that anything in psychology worth applying to practical matters came from: A. scientific psychology B. philosophical psychology C. common sense D. animal research

Q: The tension between pure, scientific psychology and applied psychology: A. is a recent phenomenon B. has always been a minor issue C. was once intense but no longer exists D. characterized psychology from its very inception and continues to do so

Q: Within psychology in the U.S., interests in individual differences and ____ have always been closely related. A. sensation and perception B. evolutionary psychology C. applied psychology D. cognitive psychology

Q: Which students of Wundt were most interested in individual differences and applied psychology in the U.S.? A. Spearman, Witmer, and Stanley B. Cattell, Titchener, and Hall C. Cattell, Hall, and Witmer D. Titchener, Spearman, and Stanley