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Psychology
Q:
In 1970, marital rape was legal in all 50 states.
Q:
What is the most common type of forensic assessment conducted for the criminal courts?
A) Assessment of sex offenders
B) Evaluation of sanity
C) Assessment of dangerousness at sentencing
D) Evaluation of competency to stand trial
Q:
Which personality feature, commonly associated with antisocial behavior, shows high hereditability and little environmental influence?
A) Empathy
B) Schizophrenic detachment
C) Temperament
D) Callous-unemotional traits
Q:
Rape is widely believed to be the most underreported crime.
Q:
The research shows that violent people
A) fantasize more than nonviolent people.
B) exhibit the violence triad more frequently than nonviolent people.
C) often have a history of mental disorder.
D) usually have a history of violence.
Q:
TEDS is an acronym for
A) Twins' Early Development Study.
B) Twins Environmental Differentiation Study.
C) Traditional Environmental Development on Siblings.
D) The Early Diyzygotic Sample.
Q:
Many mental health clinicians do not consider sex offenders to be clinically mentally disordered.
Q:
Which one of the following clinical diagnoses is most frequently found in criminal offenders?
A) Antisocial personality disorder
B) Psychopath
C) Delusional disorder
D) Histrionic personality disorder
Q:
The ability to control one's behavior in accordance with internal standards is called
A) undoing.
B) scrutinization.
C) self-regulation.
D) frontal-lobe control.
Q:
There is a direct causal relationship between pornography and sexual aggression.
Q:
According to the DSM-5, which one of the following features is not a symptom of antisocial personality disorder?
A) Emotional intelligence
B) Impulsivity
C) Irritability
D) Deceitfulness
Q:
How was the case of Phineas Gage relevant to the chapter?
A) It emphasized the importance of micronutrients to fetal development.
B) It confirmed that adolescent risk taking is related to aggression in adulthood.
C) It suggested that serotonin may play a role in violent behavior.
D) It illustrated the effects of frontal lobe damage.
Q:
The United States has the highest reported incidence of rape in the world.
Q:
Disorganized, catatonic, paranoid, undifferentiated, and residual are all subtypes of
A) schizophrenia.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) delusional disorder.
Q:
One of the most comprehensive studies on the effects of malnutrition on child development ever undertaken is called the
A) Barbados Nutrition Study.
B) Early Dizygotic Sample.
C) Money Follows the Person.
D) Bobo Doll Experiment.
Q:
In the revised definition of rape, force is presumed. Most adolescent sex offenders have a diagnosed mental disorder.
Q:
A developmental status attributable to a cognitive impairment is called
A) developmental readiness.
B) intellectual amblyopia.
C) developmental dysfunction.
D) intellectual disability.
Q:
The research on environmental risk factors during infancy indicates that
A) lead exposure may be linked to antisocial behavior.
B) trans fats are closely associated with delinquent behavior.
C) junk foods often lead to persistent and violent criminal behavior.
D) an organic diet can greatly reduce likelihood of antisocial behavior.
Q:
Sex offenders are a homogenous group, markedly similar in age, race and socioeconomic status.
Q:
Which of the following statements is most accurate?
A) Most criminals are mentally ill.
B) Most criminals have a mental disorder.
C) Most mentally disordered individuals are not violent.
D) Most murderers cannot help themselves because of mental illness.
Q:
Research has suggested that which brain chemical may play a significant role in aggression and violence?
A) Serotonin
B) Epinephrine
C) Dopamine
D) Insulin
Q:
According to the text, although myths about rape are changing, college students continue to hold myths about ________ rape.
A) acquaintance
B) marital
C) homosexual
D) statutory
Q:
Describe at least one concern about using the PCL across racial and ethnic backgrounds.
Q:
Two strong indicators of temperament are
A) language and eating patterns.
B) eye contact and intelligence.
C) extraversion and introversion.
D) emotionality and activity.
Q:
Research shows that a major motivation for rape is to
A) harm or derogate the victim.
B) instigate sexual arousal in the victim.
C) act out a sexual fantasy.
D) satisfy a biological impulse.
Q:
After summarizing the research on juvenile psychopathy, explain why this construct is so controversial.
Q:
All of the following processes are considered executive functions except
A) logic.
B) reasoning.
C) fidgeting.
D) problem solving.
Q:
According to Lehmann et al.'s (2003) study on recidivism, hostility, criminality, and sexual exploitation/involvement were three themes of
A) stranger rape.
B) acquaintance rape.
C) statutory rape.
D) child rape.
Q:
What has been learned about a) recidivism and b) treatment of the criminal psychopath?
Q:
Most contemporary researchers of temperament focus on
A) school-aged children.
B) incarcerated males.
C) families with two or more children.
D) infants.
Q:
MDSO is an acronym for
A) manic depressive sex offender.
B) mentally disabled sex offender.
C) multiple diastolic sex offender.
D) morally dissuaded sex offender.
E) mentally disordered sex offender.
Q:
Name and describe five instruments used to measure psychopathy.
Q:
The phenomenon in which the brain's structure and function are affected by experience is called
A) intelligence quotient.
B) elasticity.
C) durability.
D) plasticity.
E) neural synapse.
Q:
Research suggests that men convicted of rape
A) show high and nearly equal sexual arousal to portrayals of both violent, nonconsenting sexual acts and nonviolent, consenting sexual acts.
B) were more sexually aroused toward attractive victims than nonattractive victims.
C) felt they had little control over their sexual impulses.
D) have a very limited ability to fantasize.
Q:
Briefly describe the core characteristics of the criminal psychopath.
Q:
The small group of nerve cells in the brain involved in aggressive behavior is called the ________ and is part of the ________ system.
A) amygdala; limbic
B) frontal lobe; central nervous
C) hippocampus; limbic
D) atempora; activating
Q:
Most adult rapists
A) regularly view pornography.
B) subscribe to attitudes and ideology that encourage men to dominate and control women.
C) are mentally disordered.
D) have considerable facial hair.
Q:
Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.
A) Primary psychopaths who do engage in repetitive antisocial or criminal behavior
B) An interpersonal style that is characterized by fearlessness, being relatively immune to stress or anxiety, and being successful at negotiating social interactions to achieve desired goals
C) Higher-order mental abilities involved in goal-directed behavior
D) The most commonly used physiological indicator of emotional arousal in psychopaths
E) The tendency to return to offending
F) Display aggressive, antisocial behavior they have learned from their subculture
G) Controls heart rate, gland secretion, and smooth muscle activity
H) Reflects the interpersonal and emotional components of psychopathy
I) Proposes that there are at least two temperament contributions that interact with social environmental influences to produce developmental pathways that ultimately lead to psychopathy
J) Deficient empathy, disdain for and lack of close attachments with others, rebelliousness, excitement seeking, exploitativeness, and empowerment through cruelty
1. Dual-process model
2. Autonomic division
3. Executive functions
4. Meanness
5. Dyssocial psychopaths
6. Criminal psychopaths
7. Recidivism
8. Factor 1
9. Boldness
10. Skin conductance response
Q:
Which neurotoxin is also an essential trace element?
A) Lead
B) Manganese
C) Selenium
D) Mercury
Q:
Which of the following is a dynamic risk factor?
A) Substance abuse
B) Past crimes
C) Childhood lead exposure
D) Birth order
Q:
It is usually difficult to evaluate properly the effectiveness of programs designed to treat criminal psychopaths because of their ability to ________ the system.
Q:
All of the following statements are true of the amygdala except
A) it is small and almond shaped.
B) it is located in the limbic system.
C) it is especially hardy and unaffected by developmental experiences.
D) it is associated with impulsive aggression.
Q:
Discuss the issues involved in addressing illegal drug use as a health problem. What are the implications for prisons and jails?
Q:
The Groth rape typology is similar to the original MTC typology, except that Groth
A) emphasizes the motives for the rape.
B) has more categories of rape behavior than the MTC.
C) has better behavioral descriptions of the categories.
D) emphasizes victim reactions.
Q:
Although research in recent years has focused on the psychometric characteristics of psycho-paths, the most current trend is the investigation of ________ factors involved in determining psychopathic behavior.
Q:
Dysfunction in the ________ lobe has been strongly linked to violent behavior.
A) frontal
B) temporal
C) occipital
D) parietal
Q:
Other than alcohol, which drug in your opinion has the strongest association with crime? Support your answer by describing the drug and its effects as well as the available research.
Q:
Compared to child molesters, perpetrators of adult sexual assault are
A) timid.
B) impulsive.
C) aggressive.
D) manipulative.
Q:
Many clinicians and researchers have resisted any trend to search for psychopathy in juveniles, noting that features of the adult psychopath simply represent ________ adolescent development.
Q:
Which of the following reflects an assumption of most adoption studies?
A) Adoptive parents and their adopted children are not genetically related.
B) Adoptive children have no information about their biological make-up.
C) Most adopted children are placed with stable and loving parents.
D) Genetics have little influence on human behavior.
Q:
Summarize and discuss the six main conclusions researchers have reached in recent years regarding the relationship between drugs and crime.
Q:
Which of the following factors play a prominent role ins specific risk failure?
A) Attractiveness
B) Alcohol
C) Age
D) Attitude
Q:
The boldness factor of psychopathy is sometimes referred to as ________ dominance.
Q:
Which statement most accurately summarizes findings on twin and adoption studies?
A) One's environment significantly impacts the frequency and severity of criminal behavior.
B) Genetic factors have little impact on antisocial behavior.
C) The environment in which a child is raised has little impact on the likelihood of antisocial behavior.
D) Genes may influence one's susceptibility or resistance to environmental risk factors.
E) Genes do not significantly impact one's susceptibility to environmental risk factors.
Q:
Describe and explain briefly Goldstein's tripartite conceptual model for understanding the drug/crime relationship.
Q:
Research on rape reveals that, in general, men who rape
A) are addicted to sex.
B) have uncontrollable or irresistible impulses to rape.
C) are suffering from various forms of mental illness.
D) subscribe to attitudes that support rape.
Q:
From the research on the PCL, it has become clear that psychopathy is ________ in nature.
Q:
Concordance rate is usually expressed in
A) degrees.
B) ectograms.
C) pairs.
D) percentages.
Q:
What are the four main categories of drugs discussed in this chapter? List their main effects, and provide one example of a drug from each category.
Q:
Which of the following is an example of a situational vulnerability factor?
A) One's home
B) Under age 18
C) Alcohol consumption
D) History of victimization
Q:
The research suggests that psychopaths may be more likely than other offenders to derive ________ from both the nonsexual and sexual suffering of others.
Q:
Sarah and Rebecca developed from a single egg, share the same genes, currently live at 517 Huckleberry Lane, and attend the same school. They are examples of
A) monozygotic, monochorionic, identical twins who share an environment.
B) monozygotic, dichorionic, nonshared twins.
C) identical, dichorionic, shared siblings.
D) unichorionic, unizygotic, concordant, monoenvironmental siblings.
E) monochorionic, identical , concordant twins who shared a membrane.
Q:
Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.
A) The date-rape drug
B) Bath salts
C) The physiological distress and physical pain a person suffers if he or she goes without the drug for any length of time
D) A dissociative anesthetic with analgesic and amnestic properties also called Special K
E) Multiple drug use
F) Sold in small packets under the names Genie and Moon Rocks
G) The state of progressively decreased responsiveness to a drug
H) Approved in 1995 by the Food and Drug Administration for use as an analgesic in persons with moderate to severe pain
I) A high-potency form of freebase cocaine
J) Crime arises out of the system of drug trafficking and distribution
1. Rohypnol
2. Crack
3. OxyContin
4. Synthetic marijuana
5. Dependence
6. Polydrug use
7. Systemic crime
8. Synthetic cathinones
9. Tolerance
10. Ketamine
Q:
Rape myths typically originate from
A) the just world hypothesis.
B) the traditional view of masculinity.
C) childhood exposure to pornography.
D) an abusive background.
Q:
Psychometric studies indicate that psychopaths usually score ________ on intelligence tests than the general population.
Q:
The term dizygotic twins is synonymous with
A) fraternal twins.
B) identical twins.
C) dichorionic.
D) unifertilization.
Q:
Persistent crack users are often ________ users.
Q:
Which of the following is an example of rape by fraud?
A) A 20-year-old male having sexual relations with a 13-year-old female
B) A male slipping a date-rape drug into the drink of a female, then having sexual relations with her
C) A male having sexual relations with a consenting female under an assumed name
D) A therapist having sexual relations with a consenting patient under the guise of effective treatment
Q:
Cleckley's book The Mask of Sanity describes in clear and empirically useful terms the major behaviors demonstrated by the ________ psychopath, as distinct from the other psychopathic types.
Q:
According to biopsychologist Adrian Raine
A) the majority of studies examining the relationship between antisocial behavior are fatally flawed.
B) there is no evidence to suggest that genetics influence antisocial behavior.
C) some children are born destined to become antisocial.
D) there is clear evidence that genetics influence antisocial and aggressive behavior.
Q:
Methamphetamine has traditionally been the drug of preference when the user ________ the substance directly into the bloodstream.
Q:
Victimization data indicate that approximately ________ of rapes go unreported.
A) one-third
B) two-thirds
C) one-half
D) three-quarters
Q:
Recent research clearly indicates that psychopathy is not a category but exists on a(n) ________.
Q:
Most contemporary biopsychologists believe
A) genetic and neuropsychological variables play a part in criminal behavior.
B) genetic components are the sole causal agents of human behavior.
C) understanding the social environment is irrelevant in studying criminal behavior.
D) criminal behavior is an evolutionary throwback to an earlier stage in the evolution of man.
Q:
Opiate narcotics generally have ________ and analgesic effects.
Q:
Research suggests that which type of sexual assault is least common?
A) Stranger rape
B) Statutory rape
C) Marital rape
D) Acquaintance rape
Q:
Juveniles who possess psychopathy-like characteristics, such as ________ traits, are believed to be particularly susceptible to antisocial behavior throughout their lives.
Q:
Early onset persistent antisocial behavior seems influenced by ________ factors, while late onset offending is influenced by ________ factors.
A) biological; social
B) social; biological
C) risk; protective
D) protective; risk
Q:
According to the tripartite conceptual model, ________ compulsive crime refers to criminal behavior that supports an expensive drug addiction.
Q:
Which type of rapist commits sexual assault in response to an intense sexual arousal initiated by specific stimuli?
A) Compensatory rapist
B) Sadistic rapist
C) Impulsive rapist
D) Displaced aggression