Q&A Hero

Q: The use of amnesia as a defense has been largely unsuccessful in the United States.

Q: Operant and social learning originated from a school of psychological thought called A) psychoanalysis. B) determinism. C) social learning. D) behaviorism.

Q: Under the MTC classification, the sex offender most likely to kill his victims would be the A) fixated. B) regressed. C) exploitative. D) aggressive.

Q: Adjudicative competence is now the standard term for not guilty by reason of insanity.

Q: What does the research tell us about the relationship between neurotransmitters and aggressive behavior? What treatments may be the most effective and what caution should one consider when considering this treatment?

Q: According to the MTC, an individual who had a normal adolescence and heterosexual experiences but then later develops feelings of sexual inadequacy and seeks the frequent companionship of children would be classified as a(n) A) fixated. B) retrograde. C) exploitative. D) regressed.

Q: MPD is synonymous with dissociative identity disorder.

Q: What were some concerns with the high concordance rate found among monozygotic twins? Explain how at least one of these concerns can be addressed today.

Q: Vandiver and Ketcher's (2004) found that the smallest and oldest group of female sex offenders were the A) young adult child exploiters. B) female sexual predators. C) aggressive homosexual offenders. D) heterosexual nurturers.

Q: Insanity is a legal term that refers to a defendant's state of mind at the time of the crime.

Q: Discuss the relationship between birth/pregnancy complications, psychosocial environment and antisocial behavior.

Q: The most common type of child sexual assault appears to be A) adult males against young boys. B) adult males against young girls. C) priests against young boys. D) adult males who choose victims from both sexes.

Q: Which form of amnesia is the most widely used justification for an insanity defense or mitigation of criminal responsibility in the U.S. courts today? A) Chronic organic amnesia B) Alcohol-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder C) Wernicke's amnesia D) Limited amnesia

Q: Define the terms dizygotic and monozygotic twins.

Q: Recent research on child sexual assault indicates all of the following except A) sexual abuse in childhood produces long-term psychological problems in many children. B) heterosexual pedophilia is more common than homosexual pedophilia. C) female offenders are almost never involved in child molestation cases. D) the average age of convicted pedophiles ranges between 36 and 40.

Q: Which disorder has been referred to as the UFO of psychiatry? A) Dissociative Identity Disorder B) Postpartum Psychosis C) Dysthymic Disorder D) Borderline Personality Disorder

Q: Compare and contrast behavior and molecular genetics.

Q: Most estimates of the distribution of pedophiles in the general population are derived from A) arrest and prison data. B) treatment and actuarial data. C) self-report data. D) clinical data.

Q: In the Supreme Court case Sell v. U.S. (2003), the Court ruled that A) in cases that did not involve violence, courts should be very careful in ordering medication to treat mentally disordered offenders who refuse the medication. B) mentally disordered offenders should be sedated in the courtroom. C) psychoactive drugs should not be ordered by any court against the wishes of the defendant, even if the mentally disordered offender tends to be violent. D) mentally disordered offenders should be institutionalized until cured.

Q: Acting without thinking, sometimes referred to as ________, is also believed to be closely associated with deficits in executive function.

Q: Which type of child molestation most commonly perpetrated by men who molest their daughters or stepdaughters? A) Projective B) Indiscriminant C) Nonexclusive D) Intrafamilial

Q: Which diagnostic label has been associated with the iatrogenic phenomenon in recent years? A) Paranoid schizophrenia B) Histrionic personality disorder C) Post-traumatic stress disorder D) Dissociative identity disorder

Q: Research has consistently suggested that the neurotransmitter ________ may play the most significant role in aggression and violence.

Q: Which of the following is true about pedophilia? A) It must be accompanied by action. B) It is a clinical condition. C) It is a crime. D) It is untreatable.

Q: The phenomenon that occurs when a mental disorder or syndrome is unintentionally caused by a clinician or practitioner is known as A) Iatrogenic. B) Tautological fallacy. C) Projection syndrome. D) Transference.

Q: The finding that both structure and ________ of the brain are affected by experience is known as plasticity.

Q: Differentiate between acquaintance and date rape. Summarize the research on the prevalence of acquaintance and date rape.

Q: The most common result of a PTSD defense has been one of A) diminished responsibility. B) guilty, but mentally ill. C) not guilty by reason of insanity. D) incompetent to stand trial.

Q: The principal target of manganese is the ________ system.

Q: Explain factors that may put someone at risk for sexual victimization. Why is it helpful to identify these factors and what is the danger in emphasizing these factors?

Q: The right and wrong test refers to which one of the following insanity defenses? A) Magna Carta B) The M'Naghten Rule C) ALI/Brawner Rule D) The Durham Rule

Q: The fetus and children less than ________ years of age appear to be the most vulnerable to neurotoxins.

Q: Define RNR principles and their relevance to treatment of adult sex offenders.

Q: There is evidence that men who have both schizophrenia and ________ are at an increased risk of violent offending. A) substance abuse B) delusional disorder C) affective psychosis D) depression

Q: Most developmental experts today believe that temperament has ________ underpinnings that are best identified at birth.

Q: Describe three of the rape myths discussed in the chapter.

Q: A rare but severe mental disorder believed to be linked to childbirth and similar to serious bipolar depression is postpartum A) blues. B) psychopathy. C) delusions. D) psychosis.

Q: The consensus among experts is that ________ responsiveness, nurturance, and warmth have emerged as critical core determinants of the early parent-child relationship.

Q: Compare and contrast the Groth typology of rape and the Massachusetts Treatment Center's Classification Systems of rapists.

Q: In Foucha v. Louisiana, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that defendants found NGRI could A) not be retried once they were no longer insane. B) not remain hospitalized once they were no longer mentally disordered. C) be hospitalized for as long as they remain dangerous. D) be given medication to treat their disorder.

Q: Prenatal and life experiences affect that both twins in the same way are known as ________ environments.

Q: Research indicates that many sex offenders are highly ________ to changing their deviant behavioral patterns.

Q: The U.S. federal court system currently uses which insanity standard? A) The Durham Rule B) The M'Naghten Rule C) ALI/Brawner Rule D) Insanity Defense Reform Act

Q: Contemporary molecular biology has focused on specific ________ as foundations for certain patterns of behavior.

Q: Rape ________ and misogynistic attitudes appear to play a major role in sexual assault of women.

Q: In the Brawner Rule, the caveat paragraph intends to exclude ________ from using the insanity defense. A) defendants under the influence of alcohol at the time of the offense B) psychopaths C) defendants under the influence of drugs at the time of the offense D) intellectually disabled individuals

Q: The link between offending and traumatic brain injury is especially strong if the brain dysfunction is located in the ________ lobe.

Q: Many studies conclude that the majority of those who do reoffend sexually do not restrict their criminal activities only to sexual offenses, a concept known as ________ criminality.

Q: Some states supplement the ________ with the "irresistible impulse test." A) M'Naghten Rule B) Brawner Rule C) ALI Rule D) Durham Rule E) NGRI

Q: Research on twin studies has shown that, as twins age, the influence of a shared environment increases while the influence of a nonshared environment wanes.

Q: Instrumental sexual aggression is when the offender uses just enough coercion to gain ________ from his victim.

Q: DSM stands for A) Dissociative Somatic Manual. B) Diagnoses of Serious Mentality. C) Douglas Simpson Marker. D) Diagnostic Statistical Manual.

Q: Steinberg's dual developmental model of brain development focuses on the impulsivity that characterizes the teenage years.

Q: Data from the NCVS indicate that most rape or sexual assault victimizations (55%) occurred at or near the victim's ________.

Q: Whose trial generated so much public outcry that Congress passed the Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984? A) Ted Bundy's B) John Hinckley's C) The BTK Killer's D) O.J. Simpson's

Q: Lead exposure and maternal malnutrition are examples of environmental hazards.

Q: Many persons who have been sexually assaulted, particularly as adults, prefer to refer to themselves as ________ rather than victims.

Q: The core of the insanity defense involves which one of the following issues? A) Competency to stand trial B) Whether the person can be rehabilitated C) Criminal responsibility D) Past psychiatric history

Q: Neurological dysfunction due to faulty brain development is strongly linked to pathological violence.

Q: Most of the recent research on date and acquaintance rape and sexual assault has concentrated on ________ women.

Q: When the M'Naghten Rule is applied, the essential inquiry is whether A) the act was the result or product of a mental defect. B) the person was able to distinguish between right and wrong at the time of offense. C) the act was the result of an "irresistible impulse." D) the act was the result of an addiction.

Q: Temperament is determined largely by genetics.

Q: According to the revised definition of rape, ________ is presumed, even if the individual does not resist.

Q: All of the following standards or rules to determine insanity are or have been represented in various state or federal legal systems except the A) Dayton Rule. B) M'Naghten Rule. C) Brawner Rule. D) Product Test.

Q: Research has consistently suggested that the neurotransmitter serotonin may play the most significant role in aggression and violence.

Q: Carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will is referred to as the UCRs ________ definition of rape.

Q: If the court determines that an individual was robbed of her or his own free will at the time of a homicide because of mental disease or defect, the individuals would most likely be judged A) IST. B) incompetent to stand trial. C) mentally ill. D) NGRI.

Q: Temperament appears in infancy and continues throughout life.

Q: In recent years, the term sexual assault has often been preferred to the term ________ in both research and law.

Q: Delusional disorders are also called A) paranoid disorders. B) psychotic disorders. C) believe disorders. D) schizophrenia.

Q: Recent research has found that brain stimulation after age five has little impact on growth and development.

Q: Most of those who rape adults are intimate partners and not strangers.

Q: What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Jackson v. Indiana? A) Psychoactive medication could not be given to incompetent defendants. B) Psychoactive medication could not be given to defendants found insane. C) Incompetent defendants could not be hospitalized indefinitely if no progress was made to restore them.

Q: The amygdala is located in the frontal lobe of the human brain.

Q: In incidents of campus sexual assault, the person assaulted is more likely than the perpetrator to withdraw from the college or university.

Q: Which well-known individual was found not guilty by reason of insanity? A) Ted Bundy B) Kenneth Bianchi C) Bonnie Elizabeth Parker D) Andrea Yates

Q: As a group, biopsychologists believe that genetics are the sole cause of criminal behavior.

Q: The original MTC had five major classifications and ten subtypes.

Q: The insanity defense is used in approximately what percent of felony criminal offenses in the United States? A) About 1% B) 5% to 10% C) 11% to 15% D) About 20% E) Between 20% and 27%

Q: According to Adrian Raine, how many genes are associated with antisocial behavior in humans? A) One B) Four C) Seven D) At least twenty