Q&A Hero

Q: The primary motive for burglars is A) instilling fear in victims. B) escaping detection. C) sexual excitement. D) monetary gain.

Q: There is strong research evidence that women who kill their children are emotionally detached from their offspring.

Q: Briefly explain Bandura's theory of moral disengagement.

Q: Recent research suggests that burglars often select targets that are the most A) vulnerable. B) challenging. C) wealthy. D) isolated.

Q: Males are more likely than female to perpetrate which act of family violence? A) Munchausen Syndrome by proxy B) Neonaticide C) Elderly abuse D) Abusive head trauma

Q: Explain the concept of deindividuation and illustrate by describing any one experiment in social psychology.

Q: Research by Bennett and Wright (1984) found that A) almost all burglaries are planned. B) burglars generally have an irresistible or constant urge to steal or burglarize. C) dogs and burglar alarms did not influence the decision to burglarize a residential property. D) increased police patrols were major deterrents in decisions to burglarize.

Q: George and Bill walk into a bar, order a drink and begin playing pool. Several minutes later, one of the bar's regulars, Steve, hollers across the bar and calls Bill a sissy girl. Bill punches Steve and a fist fight ensues. This scenario depicts an example of A) emasculated jealousy. B) reactive aggression. C) alcohol induced violence. D) conduct disorder.

Q: Compare and contrast Sutherland's differential association theory and Akers' differential association-reinforcement theory.

Q: Of the following offenders, which is most likely to carefully select their targets and victims? A) Auto thieves B) Robbers C) Pickpockets D) Burglars

Q: Neonaticide refers to the killing of A) an infant. B) a child older than 24 hours. C) a child within the first 24 hours after birth. D) a child by the mother.

Q: Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column. A) Internal mental processes that enable humans to imagine, to gain knowledge, to reason, and to evaluate information B) In order to understand criminal behavior, we must examine perceptions, thoughts, expectancies, competencies, and values C) An act performed in response to orders from authority that is considered illegal or immoral by the larger community D) Significant persons in the social environment that provide cues for how to do something E) Synonymous with operant conditioning F) The scientific study of the causes, circumstances, individual characteristics, and social context of becoming a victim of a crime G) A person, object, or event that elicits behavior H) One who is the product of a long, possibly intense series of frustrations resulting from unmet needs I) The idea that complicated behavior can be broken down into more simple behavior J) A common human tendency to discount the influence of the situation and explain behavior by referring to the personality of the actor instead 1. Victimology 2. Instrumental learning 3. Reductionism 4. Stimulus 5. Social learning theory 6. Models 7. Individual offender 8. Fundamental attribution error 9. Cognitive processes 10. Crime of obedience

Q: Burglaries are most likely to involve A) private residences. B) warehouses and storage facilities. C) convenience and liquor stores. D) fast food restaurants.

Q: A sibling killing a sister is called A) matricide. B) particide. C) parricide. D) sororicide.

Q: Watson frequently declared that psychology was the ________ of behavior.

Q: The most common Part I property crime is A) motor vehicle theft. B) burglary. C) larceny-theft. D) shoplifting.

Q: Abusive head trauma is synonymous with A) Munchausen syndrome by proxy. B) stereotypical abduction. C) post-traumatic stress disorder. D) shaken baby syndrome.

Q: In order to understand criminal behavior in some depth, it is crucial that we regard all individualswhether or not they violate the rules of societyas ________ problem solvers who perceive, process, interpret, and respond uniquely to their environments.

Q: Design a table comparing and contrast the Groth classification model, the MTC, and the MCT:CM3

Q: Where do most abductions of elementary school children occur? A) On school property B) At a playground C) In a shopping mall D) Near the child's home

Q: When classical conditioning is applied to people, it suggests that they can ________ if they have been rewarded or punished for behavior.

Q: Given the information provided in the chapter, describe a program that you believe would reduce recidivism rates for juvenile child sex offenders. Which factors would you target?

Q: Families that are characterized by continuous cycles of physical aggression and violence inside the family are called A) multiassaultive. B) genetically imbalanced. C) multiaggressive. D) maladaptively violent.

Q: Frustration-induced criminality posits that when behavior directed at a specific goal is ________, arousal increases, and the individual experiences a drive to reduce it.

Q: Identify and briefly describe the six types of female sex offenders proposed by Vandiver and Kercher.

Q: Much of the data on runaway, abducted, or thrownaway youth are reported in A) Uniform Crime Reports B) MAPS C) Child Abuse: Taking a Stand D) NISMART

Q: Edwin Sutherland was a(n) ________ who believed that criminal or deviant behavior is learned the same way that all behavior is learned.

Q: Define emotional congruence with children. Include why this concept is becoming increasingly important in CSO risk assessment.

Q: Filicide refers to the killing of A) an infant. B) a child older than 24 hours. C) a child by the mother. D) a child within the first 24 hours after birth.

Q: According to Bandura, the more significant and respected the ________, the greater their impact on our behavior.

Q: Describe the psychological effects of child sexual victimization.

Q: In an important study of American children by Ullman and Straus (2003), it was discovered that approximately ________ percent of adolescents participated in child-to-parent violence during the previous 12 months. A) 20 B) 25 C) 5 D) 10

Q: Early learning theorists worked in the laboratory, using ________ as their primary subjects.

Q: Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column. A) Sexual contact by adults with young adolescents B) Forced prostitution and child sex trafficking C) The economic exploitation of an individual through force, fraud, or coercion D) A strong sexual attraction toward children E) Obtains sexual pleasure from the pain, fear, and physical harm he inflicts on the child F) The beliefs and attitudes of many CSOs that relationships with children are more emotionally and socially satisfying than relationships with adults G) Seeks children primarily to satisfy his sexual needs H) Seeks the company of children for both social sexual needs I) The largest female sex offender group that victimizes only males around age 12 J) Demonstrates a long-standing, exclusive preference for children as both sexual and social companions 1. Fixated sex offender 2. Hebephilia 3. Interpersonal offender 4. Heterosexual nurturers 5. Human trafficking 6. Exploitative child sex offender 7. Emotional congruence with children 8. Commercial sexual exploitation 9. Sadistic offender 10. Pedophilia

Q: The most common abuse of the elderly by caretakers is A) physical abuse. B) emotional abuse. C) neglect. D) a combination of emotional abuse and neglect.

Q: According to social learning theorists, internal processes such as thinking and remembering are known as ________ processes.

Q: Sexual ________ appears to be a strong predictor for child molesters who are most prone to be repeat offenders.

Q: Alcohol and drug abuse appear to A) play a causal role in family violence. B) exacerbate but not cause in family violence. C) cause child abuse but not spouse abuse. D) cause spousal abuse but not child abuse.

Q: Learning the consequences of one's behavior is the basis of ________ learning.

Q: Theories and research that focus on ________ aspects appear to be the most promising in explaining child sexual offending.

Q: Research on family violence indicates A) participants in family violence were themselves childhood victims of family violence. B) no clear or consistent evidence that individuals who violently attack family members were themselves childhood victims of family violence. C) spouse batterers have a history of being physically and sexually abused as children. D) the cycle of violence is virtually impossible to break.

Q: Social learning theorists believe that the ________ of behavior depends on reinforcement.

Q: The Child Identification Scale-Revised is an instrument used to measure the concept of emotional ________ with children.

Q: When a caregiver fabricates or intentionally causes symptoms in those they are caring for in order to seek and obtain medical treatment, it is usually a case of A) the woozle effect. B) phanerothyme. C) Munchausen syndrome by proxy. D) Landau-Kleffner syndrome.

Q: According to the text, in order to fully understand criminal behavior, it is important to regard all individuals as passive participants in their environment.

Q: The more an offender's sexual preference is limited to children, the ________ socially competent the offender tends to be.

Q: The most effective way of breaking the cycle of violence appears to be to A) change the abuser's attitudinal system. B) change an abuser's social network. C) use legal sanctions. D) use all of the above.

Q: Increasing behavior by avoiding an unpleasant stimulus is referred to as punishment.

Q: Most chronic criminal offenders are ________ rather than specialists.

Q: Which classification of homicide is a result of hostile aggression? A) General altercation homicide B) Felony commission homicide C) Child homicide D) Sexual homicide

Q: According to the frustration-induced theory of criminality, individuals who commit larceny during riots are motivated by revenge.

Q: In regard to age, adult male CSOs tend to be ________ than male rapists whose victims are adults.

Q: The likeliest candidates for elder abuse appear to be A) African American women ages 75-85, upper class. B) African American women ages 55-65, lower class. C) white women ages 75-85, upper class. D) white women ages 75-85, lower class.

Q: John B. Watson believed that a rigid scientific approach was crucial to understanding human behavior.

Q: In the UCR summary report statistics (SRS), rape of children is now included under ________ data.

Q: The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1974 made what activity a federal crime? A) Trading in unregistered guns for cash B) Ownership of assault-type weapons C) Juvenile possession of handgun ammunition D) Shooting animals without a license

Q: Dehumanization is a type of disengagement.

Q: Sex offenders often discover their interest in young children during ________ and remain attracted to them into adulthood.

Q: In family violence, the term "battering" is generally reserved for A) heterosexual physical violence. B) psychological abuse. C) emotional abuse. D) physical violence.

Q: Studies conducted by Stanley Milgram and Philip Zimbardo both found that one's situation strongly influences behavior.

Q: Adult CSOs most frequently use a ________ setting to commit their sexual abuse.

Q: The most common form of intrafamilial violence involves A) siblings. B) spouses. C) parent acting violently toward a child. D) child acting violently toward a parent.

Q: The September 11, 2001 attack on the Pentagon is an example of a frustration-induced riot.

Q: Over half of the total estimate of sexual offenses against on children and adolescents were at the hands of ________ perpetrators.

Q: Approximately how many cases of physical abuse result in the death of a child in the United States each year? A) 700 B) 1500 C) 7500 D) 500,000

Q: For most people, becoming part of a group promotes feelings of anonymity.

Q: The MTC classifies CSOs on the basis of how much daily contact with children they seek.

Q: Which of the following is not one of the three kinds of maltreatment that comprises emotional abuse? A) Spanking or slapping B) Close confinement C) Verbal assault D) Withholding food

Q: Skinner argued that the most effective way to eliminate behavior was through extinction.

Q: The MTC:CM3 has four categories and twelve subcategories.

Q: About one of every ________ murders and nonnegligent manslaughters in the United States involve a family member killing another family member. A) two B) five C) ten D) thirteen

Q: B. F. Skinner is considered the father of behaviorism.

Q: JSOs who sexually victimize peers or adults are more likely to have a more extensive criminal history compared to JSOs who victimize children.

Q: The phenomenon that occurs when the mere presence of a gun or other weapon stimulates violence is called A) confirmation bias. B) stimulus provocation. C) weapons effect. D) iatrogenic focus.

Q: In his recent theory, Bandura states that before people can engage in behavior that violates their moral principles they must A) learn the techniques of that behavior. B) believe that the reward outweighs the punishment. C) reject their moral principles. D) disengage from their moral principles.

Q: Many survivors of child sexual abuse will never tell their stories or will delay revealing the incident.

Q: The cognitive shortcuts people use to make quick inferences about their world is known as A) coercion. B) cognitive reframing. C) cognitive ease. D) availability heuristic.

Q: In which situation is bystander apathy LEAST likely to occur? A) A thief steals tires from a car parked on a busy street B) An assailant snatches a purse on a crowded sidewalk C) An assailant stabs someone in front of a lone jogger in a residential neighborhood D) A thief steals a muffin from a bakery during the morning rush

Q: Research suggests that women almost always commit sex offenses against male victims.

Q: Which group has a rate of criminal homicide that significantly exceeds its numbers in the general population, both as offenders and victims? A) Native Americans B) British Americans C) Asian Americans D) African Americans